虛擬語氣概括與總結(jié)

1、1. 非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語氣1 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If 從句:一般過去時(shí)(were主句: would (should,could,might+ 動(dòng)詞原形e.g. If I were you, I _ all those stories. Old Bill loves making things up.A. would nt believe B. will believeC. will not believe D. would believe2）與過去事實(shí)相反If 從句:過去完成時(shí)主句： would (should,could,might+ have +過去分詞e.g. Things might

2、have been much worse if the mother _ on her right to keep the baby.A. has been insisting B. had insistedC. would insist D. insisted3）與將來事實(shí)相反If 從句: should/ were to +動(dòng)詞原形主句： would (should,could,might+ 動(dòng)詞原形e.g. Jean does nt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wou

3、ld nt be able to see her friends very often.A. has to get B. had got C. could have gotD. were to get注釋：A. 虛擬條件句中如果含有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞 be 或have ，可將 if 省略，后面主、謂語要部分倒裝（即把助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞 be 或 have 放到主語的前面）B. 由suppose, supposing, provided, on condition that 引導(dǎo)的從句有時(shí)也可用虛擬語氣，其謂語形式用過去式2. 虛擬語氣的特殊句型1）wish 后面的賓語從句1. 與現(xiàn)在事

4、實(shí)相反-謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，be (were2. 與過去事實(shí)相反-had+過去分詞或could/would+have+過去分詞3. 與將來事實(shí)相反-would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形2 would rather, had rather, would sooner, would as soon 后面的賓語從句中與過去事實(shí)相反-had +過去分詞;與現(xiàn)在/將來事實(shí)相反-一般過去時(shí)3 suggest 后面的賓語從句中, (should + V常見的要求虛擬的其它動(dòng)詞有: advise, ask, beg, command, decide, demand, desire, determin

5、e, direct, insist, intend, maintain(堅(jiān)持, move(提議, object, order, propose, prefer, pray, recommend, request, require, resolve, urge, vote(提議, prescribe(指示 等.4 與suggestion 等名詞有關(guān)的表語從句或同位語從句中, (should +V其他名詞有:advice, decision, demand, desire, idea, importance, insistence, motion, necessity, order, pray,

6、preference, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, resolution, significance, understanding 等5 在It is /was +adj./V-ed +that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句中, (should + V這類形容詞有: advisable, appropriate, better, crucial, desirable, essential, imperative, important, insistent, natural, necessary, preferable, possible,

7、probable, strange, surprising, urgent, vital等.6 在It is time 后面的定語從句中, 謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí); 有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào), time 前面常常加high, about等詞。e.g. Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time _?A. we are going home B. we go homeC. We went home D. we can go home7 在as if 或 as though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞形式與wish 后面的賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞

8、形式相同。8 在in order that, so that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用may (might +V, 在口語中常用can (could + V。9 在lest, for fear that, in case 引出的目的狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用 ( should +V10. 由whetheror, whatever, whoever, no matter what 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用 (may +V；有時(shí)whether 可省略，句子用倒裝形式e.g. The business of each day, _selling goods or shipping th

9、em, went quite smoothly.A. it being B. be itC. was it D. it was3. 混合(交叉 型的虛擬語氣1. 時(shí)間混合(交叉/ 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句有時(shí)條件句表示的動(dòng)作和主句所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)具體時(shí)間來表現(xiàn)。e.g. If I had nt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ now.A. would nt be smilingB. could nt have smiledC. wont smileD. did nt smile2. 語氣混合(交叉/ 含蓄條件句是指句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件句，而是通過一個(gè)介詞短語，如：with, without, but for 等；有時(shí)可以通過連詞或副詞，如：but, but that, or, otherwise等；有時(shí)甚至可以通過上下文或其他方式來暗示虛擬條件的存在。固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣1. If it were not for （要不是）2. If it had not been for/ Had it not been（要不是） 3. Be that (as it may （盡