初中8種時(shí)態(tài)講解練習(xí)

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流初中8種時(shí)態(tài)講解練習(xí).精品文檔.英語(yǔ)八種時(shí)態(tài)歸納復(fù)習(xí)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加dont,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問，如主語(yǔ)

2、為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。注：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需加-s或-es：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在詞尾加-s，(清輔音后讀s，在濁輔音后讀z；在t后讀ts,在d后讀dz。)playleaveswim以字母s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾的詞加-es，讀iz,如果動(dòng)詞原形詞尾已有e,則只加-s。passfixteachwishdo以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，先變y為i, 再加-es,讀z。studycarryfly注意：動(dòng)詞have的第三人稱單數(shù)是has.寫出下列動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱形式。1. cook _ 2.watch_ 3.build_ 4.have_ 5.wa

3、sh_6. enjoy _ _7. go _ 8 receive _ 9 cry_ 10. close _11. drive _12. choose _ 13. play _ 14. reach _一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法：1） 表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的副詞連用。常用的頻度副詞有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never。頻度副詞在句中通常放在行為動(dòng)詞之前，系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。例如: He often _（ go） swimming in summer.他夏天經(jīng)常游泳。I usually leave home for school at 7 every m

4、orning. 每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開家。2）表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。例如：My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父親在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 這男孩十二歲。3）表示主語(yǔ)具備的性格、特征和能力等。例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜歡足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹總是樂于助人。Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語(yǔ)寫得不錯(cuò)，講的可不行。4)表示客觀真理，客觀存在，自

5、然現(xiàn)象。例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國(guó)東部。5）表示按計(jì)劃或安排好的，或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動(dòng)作，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開。 He comes back tonight. 他今晚回來(lái)。6）在復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只

6、能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如： Ill tell him the news when he _（come） back. 他回來(lái)時(shí)，我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。If you_ （take） the job , they _（talk） with you in greater details. 如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談?wù)劶?xì)節(jié)。 鞏固練習(xí)：1、Lucy likes going skating with her friends. （改寫成否定句）_2、Aunt Lis son has ten toy bears. （對(duì)劃線部分提問）_3、His watch costs 300 yuan.

7、 （變成一般疑問句并否定回答）_4、I like being a nurse for the old. （變成一般疑問句）_5、Tim每天乘坐地鐵上班。_6、我爺爺常常晚飯后出去散步。_二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)：概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)

8、：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法: 1）表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday, last week, an hour ago,just now, the other day, in 1982等連用。在一般過(guò)去式中，要表達(dá)“過(guò)多少時(shí)間之后”，一般用after。幾年后。例如：Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？ After a few years

9、,she _（start） to play the piano.幾年后，她開始彈鋼琴。2）表示在過(guò)去，經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與often,always等表示頻度的副詞連用。例如：When I was a child, I often _（play） football in the street. 我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，常在馬路上踢足球。3）一般過(guò)去式也可與today,this week,this month,this year等表現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用，但這些時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)須指過(guò)去的時(shí)間，決不包含“現(xiàn)在”“此時(shí)此刻”的意思。例如：Did you see him today?今天你看見他了嗎？鞏固練習(xí)：Ye

10、sterday I went swimming.(改寫成否定句。)_He was born in Shanghai.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)_3我昨天買了一輛新自行車。_4、我前天讀了一本書。_三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。注：動(dòng)詞V-ing的構(gòu)成形式規(guī)則原形-ing形式一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-inglistenspendstay以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e，再加-

11、inghaveprepareclose以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，如果末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ingsitbeginrunput以ie為重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e,把i改為y,再加-ingliedie以er結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，如是重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾，先雙寫r，再加-ing；如不是重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾，就直接加-ingpreferwater寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。1、win 2、relax 3、jump 4、make 5、have 6、talk 7、tie 8、cheer 9、enjoy 10、cry 11、come 12、fit 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1、表示現(xiàn)在（指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)）正在發(fā)生或

12、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與now,right now,at this moment等時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用。例如： We _（ wait）for you now. 我們正在等你。2、 表示現(xiàn)階段（說(shuō)話前后一段時(shí)間內(nèi)），一直在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在寫另一部小說(shuō)。（說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。） He is thinking about this problem.這些天來(lái)他一直在考慮這個(gè)問題。3、 表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，常與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，往往帶有說(shuō)話人的

13、主觀色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。4、 表示漸變，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。 Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越來(lái)越熱了。5、表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表移動(dòng)的終止性動(dòng)詞（come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等）用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示即將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作。例如：Im leaving tomorrow. 明

14、天我要走了。 The train is arriving soon. 火車要到了。一些持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，表將來(lái)，表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)對(duì)方將要做的事情的一種關(guān)心。例如：Are you staying here till next week? 你會(huì)在這兒呆到下周嗎？注意:鞏固練習(xí)：1、Bruce often writes letters in English. （用now改寫句子）_2、They are surfing. （對(duì)劃線部分提問）_3、瞧，那些孩子們玩的真高興！_四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday

15、, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1、表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用。例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候，我正在收拾東西去露營(yíng)。2、表移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，可以表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例

16、如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告訴我她將去海南度假。3、在含有時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生之后，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如：It _（rain） when they left the station. 他們離開車站時(shí)，正下著雨。When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun _（shine）.我到達(dá)山頂時(shí)，陽(yáng)光燦爛。4、在敘述或描寫過(guò)去的事情時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常與其它過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，特別時(shí)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。但是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)往往是表示背景。例如：

17、One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity .一天晚上，他正在書房里打字。突然，一個(gè)人闖進(jìn)屋來(lái)，切斷了電源鞏固練習(xí)：1、Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes2、As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read；was fallingB. was readi

18、ng； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read；fell五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +d one.一般疑問句：have或has?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：1、表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already, yet, ever, never, just，befor

19、e 等詞連用。例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚飯了嗎？You have already grown much taller.你已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)高了許多。2、表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并可能還要延續(xù)。往往和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用，常用的有：for一段時(shí)間；since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句。（Since 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度），提問用How long. 例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他參軍五年了。 They have learned English

20、 for eight years .他們已學(xué)了八年的英語(yǔ)了。3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)需注意的問題：表示短暫性的動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的壯語(yǔ)連用appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop等。例如：He has joined the army for five years. （錯(cuò)誤）He has been in the army for five years.(正確)注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯(cuò)）I have re

21、ceived his letter for a month.（對(duì)）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 不能和明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday,last week,in 1998,two days ago等。have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的區(qū)別： have/has been to have/has gone to 試舉例 ： 比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，不和現(xiàn)在發(fā)生聯(lián)系，常與具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last

22、week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，不能與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用。 I saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了）I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）Why did you get up so early? （強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了）He has been a League member for three years. （強(qiáng)調(diào)他是團(tuán)員）鞏固練習(xí)： ( )1、-Do you know our

23、 town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming ( )2、-Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come ( )3、Do you know _? A. how long has he lived here B. how long he has

24、 lived here C. he has lived here how long D. he has lived how long here 六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)：概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑問句：had放于句首。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法：1、表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已完成的行為或存在的狀態(tài)。即發(fā)生的時(shí)間是過(guò)去的過(guò)去。常與“by/before

25、+過(guò)去時(shí)間”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)連用。例如：The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到達(dá)之前，火車已經(jīng)開走了。 He said that he had learned some English before. 他說(shuō)過(guò)他以前學(xué)過(guò)一些英語(yǔ)。2、表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前已經(jīng)持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與for/since引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用。例如：I had lived in America for two years before I came here .我來(lái)這兒之前在美國(guó)住過(guò)兩年。3、表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的計(jì)劃、愿望等。這種用法中常用的動(dòng)詞為

26、hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那時(shí)我們希望你能來(lái)，但是你沒有來(lái)。 I had thought that all knew about it.我以為他們都知道這件事呢。鞏固練習(xí):1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had metB. have met C. metD. meet2. -Im sorry to keep you

27、 waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. wasD. will be 3、The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left4、My dictionary _, I have loo

28、ked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont findC. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found.七、一般將來(lái)時(shí)：概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are/going to +

29、do；will/shall + do.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法:1、表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。例如：Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.2、表示將來(lái)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：Ill come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我將每個(gè)星期六來(lái)看你。3、表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)于將來(lái)的看法、假設(shè)和推測(cè)，通

30、常用be afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,think等后面的從句或與副詞perhaps,possibly,maybe等連用。例如：I think shell go back home for supper. 我想她會(huì)回家吃飯。 Maybe shell go to the gym.也許她會(huì)去體育館。注：be going to +不定式，表示將來(lái)。1、表示主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行某一行動(dòng)的打算意圖。這種打算常經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)先考慮并含有自己做好某些準(zhǔn)備的意思。即計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開播。2、表示說(shuō)話人確信如此或有某種跡象表明某事即將發(fā)生。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，快要下雨了。3、注意：be going to 和wi