過去分詞講解及習題

1、過去分詞的用法講解過去分詞的用法在英語語法中很是普遍。那么，如何正確的使用過去分詞呢?我們來看看過去分詞的用法解析，只有了解了過去分詞的用法，才能正確的運用和使用它。一、基本概念1. 分詞的定義動詞的 -ed 分詞即過去分詞，是由動詞的過去分詞構成，一般只有一種形式。2. 過去分詞的語法作用：過去分詞一方面具有動詞的性質，另一方面也相當于一個形容詞或副詞，在句中可以作表 語、定語、狀語和補足語。1) 過去分詞作表語，主要表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。如：Don t touch the glass because it is broken.不要碰那個杯子，它是壞的。He is quite pl

2、eased with the design of the dress.她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。2) 過去分詞做定語：單個的過去分詞作定語一般放在名詞的前面，相當于一個定語從句。如：The excited people rushed into the building.激動的人們奔進了大樓。We need more qualified teachers. 我們需要更多合格的教師。過去分詞短語作定語通常放在被修飾的詞后面，相當于一個定語從句。如：Is there anything planned for tomorrow?明天有什么活動嗎外國專家這些書是魯迅這次會議獲得很大The suggestio

3、n made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 提出來的建議被經(jīng)理采納了。過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號隔開。如：The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.寫的，受到了許多中國人民的喜愛。The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.的成功，共有一千個學生出席了。3) 過去分詞做狀語：過去分詞和-ing 分詞作狀語一樣，也可以表示時間、原因、條件

4、、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。表時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強調時間概念。如：從山頂上看，Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.這個城市就像一個大花園。Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.入黨以后，他決定獻身于黨的事業(yè)。表原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。如：Deeply moved by the story, the excited peopl

5、e stopped quarrelling with each other.激動的人們被那個故事深深地感動了，停止了爭吵。Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到了講演的鼓舞，年輕人決定起來從事斗爭。表條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可用if等詞。如：Given another chance, he will do better.再給他一次機會，他會做得更好。Compared with your brother, you should make

6、greater efforts to study English.和你哥哥相比，你應該更加努力學習英語。If heated, water can be turned into steam.水如果被加熱，會變成水蒸氣。表讓步，相當于一個though/although引導的讓步狀語從句。如：Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個強盜。Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研

7、究。表方式或伴隨情況。如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那個老人在他的妻子的攙扶下走進了房間。Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問題。4) 過去分詞作補足語：過去分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave,keep 等詞后與一名詞或代詞構成復合賓語，用作賓語補語。如：When will you go to

8、the hospital and have your tooth examined?你什么時候去醫(yī)院檢查你的牙齒?When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.當你在作報告時，你應該講響一點使自己被人聽清。當這類句子變成被動語態(tài)時，過去分詞用作主語補語。如：One of the glasses was found broken.有人發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一個杯子破了。They should be kept informed of the situation there.應該讓他們知道那兒的形勢。二、特

9、別提醒1. 過去分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語一般必須和句子的主語相一致。如：When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.當那個男孩被問到為何來這里時，他沉默不語。Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.由于在農(nóng)村出生并長大，他對生物很感興趣。如果過去分詞的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致，必須使用過去分詞的獨立主格結構。2. 動詞 have 后所接的三種賓語補語：have somebody/something do something 不定式作補語必須省

10、去to, 不定式動作由賓語發(fā)出，表示一次性的動作。如：I had the workers do the job for me.我讓工人們替我完成了工作。Jim often has his father help him with his homework.吉姆經(jīng)常讓他的父親幫助做家庭作業(yè)。have somebody /something doing something -ing分詞作補語，分詞動作也由賓語發(fā)出，強調動作的延續(xù)或正在進行。如：They had the tractor working all the time.他們讓拖拉機一直工作著。We won t have the child

11、talking to his mother like that.我們不能讓那個孩子那樣對他的媽媽說話。have somebody/something done 過去分詞作補語，賓語和補足語之間有邏輯上的被動關 系，通常有兩種情況：主語讓別人做某事，強調主語的意志。如：He had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天理發(fā)了。Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.后來，這個中心讓人種了很多樹。主語遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環(huán)境，說明賓語的一種無意識的被動行為。如：He had his leg broken in

12、 the match last month.他在上星期的比賽中摔斷了腿。He had one eye lost in the war.在戰(zhàn)爭中，他失去了一只眼睛。3. 非謂語動詞的被動式作定語的三種形式：the bridge to be built 將要建造的橋（ 表示將來的動作）the bridge being built 正在建造的橋（ 表示正在進行的動作）the bridge built 造好的橋（ 表示完成的動作）4. 過去分詞和-ing分詞作表語的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或感受，而-ing 分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征，如：Hearing the news, w

13、e felt very surprised.聽到那個消息，我們感到很驚訝The news is very surprising.這個消息很令人驚訝。They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.他們聽到那可怕的聲音很害怕。At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.看到這么動人的情景，所有在場的人都感動得流下了眼淚。英語中這樣的分詞還有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged;di

14、sappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying,satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。5. 過去分詞和-ing分詞作定語的區(qū)別:過去分詞作定語和-ing 分詞作定語有一定的區(qū)別。試比較下面幾組短語：developing countries 正在飄落的葉子changing conditionboiled w

15、ater 開水 boiling water 正沸騰的水發(fā)展中國家變化著的情況; 而 -ing 分詞作定語可以表示正developed countries 發(fā)展的國家fallen leaves 落葉 falling leaveschanged condition 改變了的情況由此可見，過去分詞作定語通常表示完成的或被動的動作 在進行的主動的動作。過去分詞專項練習I訓練一1. from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of mostof the city.A. To see B. Seen C. SeeingD.

16、See2. All things , the planned trip will have to be called off.A. be considered B. considering C. having considered D. considered3. the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree out of her life.A. Saw; frightenedB. Seen; frightenedC. To see; frighteningD. Seeing; frightened4. Generally speakin

17、g, according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A. When taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken5. The research is so designed that once nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. begun C. beginning D. having begun6. in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universit

18、ies in the United Stated.A. being founded B. Founded C. It was founded D. Founding7. If you go to Xi an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly A. supposed B. supposing C. to suppose D. suppose8. more attention, the tree could have grown better.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D

19、. Having given9. In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours my study.A. locking B. to lock C. locked D. being locked10. with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A. When compared B. Compare C. While comparing D. Comparing11. Mrs. Bush stood for a moment

20、when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her.A. surprised B. surprising C. being surprised D. to be surprised12. alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A. Leaving B. Left C. To be left D. Having left13. to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately.A.

21、Being determinedB. On having determinedC. DeterminedD. To be determined14. in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.A. Being settled B. Having settled C. Settled D. Settling15. If law-breaker , the society will be in disorder.A. made unpunished B. came unpunishedC. not punishedD. went unpunis

22、hed16. He must be angry, for we heard the glass on the floor.A, being broken B. break C. to be break D. broken17. You can fly to the UK this morning you don t mind changing planes inA. because B. provided C. unless D. so far as18. in this way, the situation doesn t seem so disappointing.A. To look B

23、. Looking at C. Looked at D. To be looked at19. in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000dollars.A. To be judged the bestB. Judged the bestC. Having judged the bestD. Judging the best20. A cool rain was falling, with snow.A. mixed B. mixing C. to mi

24、x D. having mixed21. Most of the photographers to the conference were from north Europe.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. having invited22. The assistant worked late into the night, a long speech for the president.A. to have repaired B. repairing C. repaired D. having repaired23. “ Can t y

25、ou read? ” Mary said to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing24. The missing singer was last seen the voice close to the bridge.A. exercising B. to be exercising C. exercise D. to exercise25. The directors discussed the project that they would

26、 like to see the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out26. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, that he had enjoyed his stayhere.A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added27. The speaker raised his voice but couldn t make himself .A. hear

27、B. to hear C. hearing D. heard28. A cook will be fired immediately if he is found in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smokedn訓練二1. Because of my poor English I'm afraid I can't make myself.A. understand B. to understand C. understanding D. understood2. The workers want ustogeth

28、er with them.A. work B. working C. to work D. worked3. What's the languagein Germany?A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak4. some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed by5. Most of the peopleto the party were famous s

29、cientists.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting6. He was disappointed to find his suggestions.A. been turned down B. turned down C. to be turned down D. to turn down7. Do you know the boyunder the big tree?A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying8. -Good morning. Can I help you?-I'd like

30、 to have this package, madam.A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed9. There was a terrible noisethe sudden burst of light.A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed10. more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given11.

31、The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing12. It was so cold that they kept the fire all night.A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned13. Generally speaking,according to the directions, the drug has no side effect

32、.A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take14. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage the girl and took her away,intothe woods.A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing15. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but i

33、t remainswhether they willenjoy it.A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen16. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remainas the plane was making a landing.A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating17. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, .A. exhausting B. exhaus

34、ted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted18. Theboy was last seennear the East Lake.A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play19. The patient was warnedoily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating20. While building a tunnel through the mountain, .A. an underground lake was discovered B. there was an underground lake discoveredC. a lake was discovered underground D. the worke