非謂語作狀語

1、Translate: 1.Object as you may, I will go.2.Much as I told you, you didnt listen.3.Were they here now ,they could help us.4. stand on ones feet 5. stand on ones hands/ head 6. I bought this mp4 at a 10% reduce. 小結(jié) (not) to do (not) to be done（被動態(tài)（被動態(tài)(not) to have (been)done (not) to be doing（進行時）（進行

2、時）不定式的形式、時態(tài)與語態(tài)不定式的形式、時態(tài)與語態(tài)V-ing 的形式(not)V-ing (not)having done (not)having been done不定式不定式非謂語做題步驟非謂語做題步驟 一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),辨別辨別“謂與非謂謂與非謂” _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm._ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having A. To sleep B. Slee

3、ping C. Sleep D. Having sleptslept 2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know which 2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know which country he studied in. country he studied in. A. to study B. to have studied A. to study B. to have studied C. is studying D. to have been studying C. is studying D.

4、 to have been studying 3. Hi, Amy. Why are you so upset?3. Hi, Amy. Why are you so upset? - I found the washing machine had _ again. - I found the washing machine had _ again. A. to be repaired B. repaired C. it repairing D. it repairedA. to be repaired B. repaired C. it repairing D. it repaired A A

5、B BA A(作用作用)(語態(tài)語態(tài))(時態(tài)時態(tài))高考題點擊：高考題點擊： 1_many times, he finally understood it.A. Told B. TellingC. Having told D. Having been told2. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleptDA3Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _ with his old one.A. com

6、paring B. comparesC. to compare D. comparedD4. In order to make our city green, _. A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees5. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having l

7、ost C. Lost D. To loseDC解析：解析：1.1.該題考查該題考查過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語的用法。動詞的用法。動詞- -inging或過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應是或過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應是主語主語。2 2.“.“陷入深思陷入深思”有兩種表達法，有兩種表達法，A. Lose oneself in thought B. be lost in thought. 比較：比較： Losing himself in thought,he almost ran）5. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a whi

8、le to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given6. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope given 作狀語意為作狀語意為“考慮到考慮到”，意思相當，意思相當considering。注意注意 hoping 為伴隨狀語而非目的狀語，為伴隨狀語而非目的狀語，真正的目的是后面的真正的目的是后面的 to get 。AB7. Finding her ca

9、r stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for helpD本句要特別注意其邏輯主語。本句要特別注意其邏輯主語。8_ around the Water Cube and the Birds Nest, the tourists from Taiwan and I wished there _ a joint team for the London O

10、lympics.A. Having shown; to beB. To be shown; isC. To show; wereD. Having been shown; to beD作狀語在句首時，有時可以和作狀語在句首時，有時可以和when, unless, once, while, if, though等連詞連用。等連詞連用。 二二.狀語從句中省略與非謂語形式。狀語從句中省略與非謂語形式。When/while/unless/ to do (to be done) (動作未發(fā)生動作未發(fā)生)if/ though/as if doing （與主語之間是主動關系）與主語之間是主動關系） no m

11、atter how done （與主語之間是被動關系與主語之間是被動關系）1.When_different cultures, we often pay attention to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared2. Unless _ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference Ainvited Binviting Cbeing inv

12、ited Dhaving invited With 的復合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的復合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語He went home, with nothing to do.I cant write, with you looking over my shoulder.We cant go on, with the plan refused by our government.38，四.With/without名詞（代詞）分詞等。 to do With/without名詞/代詞 doing/being done doneTo do表示未發(fā)生動作， doing /being done表示動作正在進行， done表示完成

13、被動。 John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_, he gladly accepted it.(2007年安徽) John received an invitation to dinner, but with his work_, he couldnt accept it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. to finishAD3.-Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. -Sorry. W

14、ith so much work_ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled4.With more trees_, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. A. destroying B. to be destroyed C. having destroyed D. being destroyed5.Without the teacher _ us, none of us tried our be

15、st in the running. A. to time B. timing C. time D. timedBDB五五.常見作狀語的獨立成分。常見作狀語的獨立成分。generally/honestly/frankly/exactly speaking; judging from/by; concerning (關于P6); considering (考慮到考慮到,就而論，照看來);supposing (萬一；假定); allowing for (考慮到); seeing that (由于，因為); including sth/sb providing / provided that從句假如

16、 supposing that從句假如(表示條件) to tell ( speak, say) the truth, (說實話）to be frank/honest; 坦白地說）to make things/matters worse, 使事情更糟糕的是-to begin with; （首先） 不定式作為固定詞組或固定搭配來運用。He cant walk fast, not to speak of running Strange to say, his hair turned white during the night.高考需記住的常用的固定詞組或搭配有：To make a long sto

17、ry short（長話短說）To be brief （簡而言之）To say nothing of （更不必說）Not to speak of（更不必說）Not to mention（更不必提）strange to say（說也奇怪）to be exact（確切的說） 他走不快，更不用說跑。他走不快，更不用說跑。說來奇怪，他頭發(fā)一夜間變白了。說來奇怪，他頭發(fā)一夜間變白了。1. _ from his appearance, he is very strong. A. Judging B. Being judged C. To judge D. Judge2. _ that he was ill,

18、 his work should be done by others. A.Considered B. To consider C. Considering D. Consider1.He did poorly in his examination, considering how hard he studied. 2. He asked me questions concerning my health.3._, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking gen

19、eral C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally就就他學習的努力程度他學習的努力程度來看來看，他這次考得很糟糕。，他這次考得很糟糕。他問了我一些問題，是他問了我一些問題，是有關有關我健康方面的。我健康方面的。Cfalling leaves 正在下落的樹葉 fallen leaves 已經(jīng)落下的樹葉boiling water 沸騰的水 boiled water 燒開過的水developing countries developed countries 發(fā)展中國家 發(fā)達國家二二. 非謂語動詞作定語非謂語動詞作定語 The girl let out a

20、 frightened cry at the sight of the snake. (The girl was frightened. ) 看到蛇，女孩尖叫起不。His frightening shout scared the boys. ( The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened. )他大吼一聲把那幫男孩給嚇跑了。用于用于名詞前，名詞前，用用 單個單個分詞做定語分詞做定語表所修飾詞的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。表所修飾詞的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。用于用于名詞后名詞后作定語作定語時，時，時態(tài)原則時態(tài)原則是：是：用不定式（用不定式（to d

21、o)，表示，表示將來的動作，動作尚未發(fā)生將來的動作，動作尚未發(fā)生; 用用 （-ing），表示動作），表示動作正在進行正在進行;用過去分詞用過去分詞(done)，表示，表示動作被動、完成動作被動、完成。 二二. 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞短語短語作定語作定語 I have three letters to write this evening. 我有三封信要寫。我有三封信要寫。Do you know the man sitting at the desk? 你認識坐在桌子旁的那個人嗎？你認識坐在桌子旁的那個人嗎？Have you read any short stories translated by

22、 Lu Xun? 你讀過魯迅先生翻譯過的小說嗎？你讀過魯迅先生翻譯過的小說嗎？注意注意非謂語動詞作定語時的非謂語動詞作定語時的被動語態(tài)：被動語態(tài)：He attended the meeting held yesterday.He attends the meeting being held in the room now.He will attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.形形 式式意意 義義done表動作已經(jīng)表動作已經(jīng)完成；完成；與所修飾的名詞是與所修飾的名詞是被動關系被動關系being done表動作表動作正在進行正在進行；與所修飾的名詞是；與所修

23、飾的名詞是被動關系被動關系to be done表動作表動作尚未尚未開始開始；與所修飾的名詞是與所修飾的名詞是被動關系被動關系The houses_ now are for the teachers. The houses_ in 2000 are for the teachers. The workers _the houses are from countries. 你知道以下句子的區(qū)別嗎？你知道以下句子的區(qū)別嗎？ built B.being built C. to be built D. building BAD不定式作定語時不定式作定語時要注意以下要注意以下一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)： 1

24、. She 1. She has has no pencil _.no pencil _. A. to write with B. to write about A. to write with B. to write about C. to write D. write in C. to write D. write in 2. She said she 2. She said she had had a important meeting _. a important meeting _. A. to attend in B. to attend C. attend D. A. to at

25、tend in B. to attend C. attend D. attendingattendingA AB B 若作定語的動詞不定式是不及物動詞若作定語的動詞不定式是不及物動詞,后必須要有介詞后必須要有介詞. 3. Im thirsty. Would you please give me 3. Im thirsty. Would you please give me something something _._. A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for drinking A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for

26、drinking He is always He is always the firstthe first _ questions. _ questions. A. to answer B. answering A. to answer B. answering C. to be answered D. being answered C. to be answered D. being answered 不定代詞和序數(shù)詞后常接不定式作定語不定代詞和序數(shù)詞后常接不定式作定語.B BB B例:You are the third one _ the room.A. to enter B. enter

27、ing C. entered 解析：解析：不定式不定式做定語時做定語時為后置定語為后置定語，1.常常修飾代詞常常修飾代詞anything/something/nothing，2.名詞名詞 way/chance/ opportunity /time/ right等等 3.或由或由序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞。修飾的名詞。5, 9, 12, 14, 16, 20, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32,三、非謂語動詞作三、非謂語動詞作 -分詞做賓語補語分詞做賓語補語5看（看（look at, see, watch,notice,observe）；）；3使（使（make, le

28、t, have）；）；2聽（聽（listen to, hear）；）；1感覺（感覺（feel）。）。以上動詞和find, keep, have等詞可用現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語,除let, make 外. 也可以用過去分詞過去分詞作賓語補足語，。如： “吾看三室兩廳一感覺吾看三室兩廳一感覺” I found them painting the windows. （現(xiàn)在分詞表（現(xiàn)在分詞表主動、進行主動、進行） I found the windows painted. （過去分詞表（過去分詞表被動、完成被動、完成）一、動詞不定式與分詞作賓補的區(qū)別一、動詞不定式與分詞作賓補的區(qū)別在在see, he

29、ar, notice等感官動詞之后，既可用分詞等感官動詞之后，既可用分詞也可用不定式構(gòu)成復合賓語。區(qū)別是：也可用不定式構(gòu)成復合賓語。區(qū)別是：I saw him ( to)go upstairs. （動作全過程）（動作全過程）I saw him going upstairs. （動作正在進行）（動作正在進行）3. We heard the song sung by her next door. （被動完成）（被動完成） 參考步步高參考步步高P270Have / get 等使役動詞等使役動詞have. sb.do 表示表示“讓讓做某事做某事”，have.sb .doing 表示表示“讓讓一直做某事

30、一直做某事”，have. Sth .done表示表示“請別人做某事請別人做某事”或或“遭遇遭遇某某事事(物物)被被(表示一種經(jīng)歷表示一種經(jīng)歷)”。 例如：例如：Youd better have a student clean the window.The boss had the workers working all day long.I had my watch stolen yesterday. Dont have me waiting for you outside ?I wont. I just have my hair cut.get done(與句子主語是被動關系) get sb

31、./sth. done（done作賓補，與賓語是 被動關系） get sb./sth. doing (doing作賓補，與賓語是 主動關系) get sb. to do（“叫去做”，未發(fā)生動作）系動詞系動詞remain, keep 同理可得同理可得2， 3， 7，25，My parents asked me My parents asked me to study hard.to study hard.1.The purpose of new technologies is to make life 1.The purpose of new technologies is to make li

32、fe easier,_ it more difficult.easier,_ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make. C. not making D. do not make.2.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his2.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but hismother told

33、 him _. mother told him _. A.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not tonot to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to三、非謂語動詞作三、非謂語動詞作時時注意：省略到注意：省略到to, to be, to have 四、非謂語動詞作表語時四、非謂語動詞作表語時1 1）現(xiàn)在分詞表示）現(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人令人的的”，過去分詞表示，過去分詞表示“感感到到”.”.常見的分詞有：常見的分詞有：amazed / amazing, excited / exciting, bored /

34、 boring, annoyed / annoying, interested / interesting, pleased / pleasing, tired / tiring, surprised / surprising, worried/ worrying , satisfied / satisfying, amused / amusingThe news was exciting. He appeared satisfied with my answer.1.The story was _,we were all _. A.moving,moving B.moved,moved C.

35、moving,moved D.moved,moving2.There is a _ expression on his face.Maybe the problem is too difficult for him.A.puzzled B.puzzling C.puzzle D.to puzzle3.With his son too_, the father was sad. A.disappointed B.disappointing系動詞有系動詞有be ,feel, get, remain,stay,keep B BA ATheir jog is building houses. (抽象、

36、經(jīng)常的抽象、經(jīng)常的動作動作)Their work is to build another bridge across the river. (具體、要做的動作具體、要做的動作). _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose解析：解析：1.1.該題考查該題考查過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語的用法。動詞的用法。動詞- -inging或過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應是或過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應是主語主語。2 2.“.“陷入深思陷入深思”有兩種

37、表達法，有兩種表達法，A. Lose oneself in thought B. be lost in thought. 比較：比較： Losing himself in thought, he almost ran）C11. When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_upon her. A. seating; fixing B. to seat; fixing C.having seated; fixed D. seated; fixe

38、d a stranger his eyesseat vt.I seated myself.=I was seated.sitting fix ones eyes upon五、非謂語動詞作定語五、非謂語動詞作定語 高考題點擊：高考題點擊：1. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （04上海）上海） A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2. A man is being questioned in r

39、elation to the _ murder last night. （04江蘇）江蘇） A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted 該題的謂語動詞是該題的謂語動詞是 attract，“聞起來很香聞起來很香”用來作定語修用來作定語修飾飾主語主語 flowers。BC“謀殺謀殺”只能被預謀，故該用過去分詞作定語表示被動。只能被預謀，故該用過去分詞作定語表示被動。3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. (00 北京春季北京春季) A. having hung B. hangin

40、g C. hangs D. being hung4. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. (99 上海上海) A. to be chosenB. to choose from C. to chooseD. for choosingBBhang 作及物動詞用時表示人為的作及物動詞用時表示人為的“掛掛”；作不及物動詞；作不及物動詞用時用時表示東西掛在某處的狀態(tài)。本句中的表示東西掛在某處的狀態(tài)。本句中的 hang 為不及物動為不及物動詞，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。詞，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。動詞不定式動詞不定式 to choose

41、from 和和 to choose 都可以作定語，問題都可以作定語，問題是是 to choose 作定語時該名詞是作定語時該名詞是 choose 的對象；的對象；to choose from 作定語時，該名詞是作定語時，該名詞是 choose 的范圍。該題指的是范圍的范圍。該題指的是范圍.非謂語動詞作定語時要注意以下區(qū)別：非謂語動詞作定語時要注意以下區(qū)別： 分詞作定語時與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關系；分詞作定語時與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關系； 動名詞作定語時只表示用途、場所等意義；動名詞作定語時只表示用途、場所等意義； 不定式作定語時要注意以下一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式作定語時要注意以下一

42、些固定結(jié)構(gòu)： 在在 time, chance, right 等名詞后；等名詞后； 在序數(shù)詞后；在序數(shù)詞后； 在在 wish, need, demand, requirement 等詞后。等詞后。D)表示被動意義的非謂語動詞作定語時的用法：表示被動意義的非謂語動詞作定語時的用法： done 表示已經(jīng)完成的動作表示已經(jīng)完成的動作 to be done 表示尚未開始的動作表示尚未開始的動作 being done 表示正在進行之中的動作表示正在進行之中的動作1.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to 1.I would love _ to

43、 the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have goneD二二. 動詞不定式的時態(tài)動詞不定式的時態(tài)would love(like) to 是固定搭配。would love+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式則表示“原本希望，而未曾實

44、現(xiàn)”的意思。would love/ meant/ hoped/ planned/ expected/ promised/ wish would love/ meant/ hoped/ planned/ expected/ promised/ wish to have done to have done 表示原打算表示原打算/ /希望希望2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what 2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. country he

45、 studied in. A. to have studied B. to study A. to have studied B. to study C. to be study D. to have been studying C. to be study D. to have been studying Ato have doneto have done也可用語表示先于謂語動詞發(fā)生的也可用語表示先于謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作動作. .7.Providing that there is no water supply, well feel comfortable.8. Do you read the

46、 Sunday colour supplement ?Choose the right word.1.Struggle / fight1)After a long quarrel, they broke out a _.2)More and more countries have joined in _against air pollution.2.1)The _market for computer is quick. 2)Water _when it freezes.3)The cold weather _into February.4)Well _the road as far as t

47、he station.5.Stretch socks ?6. I got out of bed and had a good Stretch 2）動名詞的語態(tài)）動名詞的語態(tài) doing being done having done having been done He was afraid of _ (leave) at home. The house showed no sign of _ (damage). Xu Benyu insisted on being sent to the mountain area to serve the children there.三、分析語態(tài)三、分析

48、語態(tài)非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動主動還還是是被動被動關系。關系。 V.-ing 形式形式(not)V-ing (not)having done (not)having been done 注意時態(tài)，注意時態(tài)，否定式否定式6.Not having received any news from home for a long time,she is becoming more and more homesick. 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞(分詞分詞)作狀語作狀語1.Hearing a sound ,the baby stopped crying.2.He c

49、ut off the electricity,preventing an accident.3.Having been told her daughter was sick, she hurried to the school to take her home.(not)V-ing (not)having done (not)having been done4.Having cut off the electricity,he prevented an accident.5.Having lived in the country for many years, she knows how to

50、 grow vegetables.V-ing 的形式非謂語動詞非謂語動詞(分詞分詞)作狀語作狀語1). Once fleeing Germany, Einstein went first to France, then to Belgium2). Being a shy man, Einstein didnt attend the great celebration.3). The trainer appeared, followed by six little dog.4). Given more time, I can do it better.5) Tonys father died,

51、leaving him a lot of money.時間時間原因原因方式，伴隨方式，伴隨條件條件分詞在句中主要作時間，原因，方式或伴隨，分詞在句中主要作時間，原因，方式或伴隨，條件，讓步，結(jié)果狀語。條件，讓步，結(jié)果狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語有何區(qū)別？現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語有何區(qū)別？一般說來，動詞不定式表主動、將來；一般說來，動詞不定式表主動、將來；現(xiàn)在分詞表主動、進行；現(xiàn)在分詞表主動、進行；過去分詞表被動、完成。過去分詞表被動、完成。1.Given more time, I can do it better.2.Hearing a sound ,the baby stopped cry

52、ing.非謂語動詞非謂語動詞(不定式不定式)作狀語作狀語1.Every day he climbed to a high rock near his cave to keep watch.2. Two years later, her father disappeared , never to return.3. He went home, only to find his money stolen.4. It is too dark for us to see anything in the room.5. He is old enough to look after himself.目的目的結(jié)果結(jié)果結(jié)果結(jié)果程度程度不定式主要作目的，結(jié)果和程度狀語不定式主要作目的，結(jié)果和程度狀語不定式表結(jié)果：不定式表結(jié)果：常見句型有：常見句型有： too+adj. / adv. + to do, enough + adj. / adv. + to do, only/never + to do, so+adj. / adv. + as to do, such + n. + as to do.She was too young to under stand that all.W