動(dòng)詞不定式可以作以上各種成分

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流動(dòng)詞不定式可以作以上各種成分.精品文檔.主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式 一般式 （not） to make （not） to be made 完成式 （not） to have made （not） to have been made 進(jìn)行式 （not） to be making 完成進(jìn)行式 （not） to have been making 一作定語(yǔ) 置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。The next train to arrive is from Washington. 表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作Have you anything to be taken to you

2、r sister?只有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Do you have anything to say on the question? 與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，盡管有被動(dòng)含義，卻仍用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Would you please give me some paper to write on? 與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如是不及物動(dòng)詞，則需加介詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)=定語(yǔ)從句，例to arrive=that will arrive。二、作表語(yǔ) 不定式作表語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)動(dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示抽象的一般行為。 To be kind to the enemy i

3、s to be cruel to the people. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是不定式時(shí)，其含義一是條件，一是結(jié)果（例）My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter. What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞（例）時(shí)，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句（例），不定式說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。 Our work is serving the people. What

4、he likes is taking a walk after supper. 句動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換，如Serving thepeople is out work,The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting. 而句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)， 三、作賓補(bǔ) 1) 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式(to do) Advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force g

5、uess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠?I found him lying on the ground. 用分詞做賓補(bǔ)(現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)

6、，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng))=I found it important to learn. 先加形式賓語(yǔ)，再加形容詞，最后加帶to do =I found that to learn English is important. 帶一個(gè)從句此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。 。 2) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞。 Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱), discover, fancy(設(shè)想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show

7、, suppose, take(以為), understand We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。 3) to be +形容詞 Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean The book is believed to be uninteresting. 人們認(rèn)為

8、這本書沒(méi)什么意思。 4) there be+不定式 believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我們沒(méi)料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。 5）as 短語(yǔ)做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，如regard, think believe, take, consider. Mary took him as her father . 瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。 四：作狀語(yǔ) 1）目的狀語(yǔ) To only to (僅僅為了), in or

9、der to, so as to, so(such) as to (如此以便) He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。 2）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。 What have I said to make you angry. 3) 表原因 I'm glad to see you. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式"

10、結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。五、作主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置后3)當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用It is to的句型(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see. (對(duì))To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。六、作賓語(yǔ) 1) 動(dòng)詞+不定式 Want to do be warned not to do被動(dòng)2）動(dòng)詞+不定式=動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式 ask,

11、 beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。 I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。 3）動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+ to（疑問(wèn)詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, ex

12、plain, tell Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?The question is how to put it into practice. 問(wèn)題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。 4)有些動(dòng)詞只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)=接that引導(dǎo)的從句。I decided to ask for my money back. I decided that I would ask for my money back. 5)當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后，即：主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞it補(bǔ)語(yǔ)to do句式。He feels it his du

13、ty to help the poor. (1)語(yǔ)態(tài) 在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.) (2)時(shí)態(tài) 1) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有

14、時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再見到你。 2) 完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。 . He seems to have caught a cold. 3) 進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 He seems to be eating something. 4) 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for

15、 many years. 疑問(wèn)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu) 疑問(wèn)詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。如： When to leave for London （When we shall leave）has not been decided yet. Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. I asked Professor Xuhow to learn English well.（how I could learn） The questio

16、n was where to get the medicine needed. 以上例句中疑問(wèn)詞不定式部分，均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的從句形式。如：When we shall leave、how I could learn 經(jīng)常在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的動(dòng)詞有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,learn,observe,understand,wonder等。 +do1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ( 除ought 外，ought to)： 2）使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make： 3）感官動(dòng)詞（在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to不能省掉）I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. 4）would rather，had better： 5）Why / why not： 6）help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth： 7）but和except：but前是to do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用do He wants to do nothing but go out. 比較：He wants