動詞不定式可以作以上各種成分

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流動詞不定式可以作以上各種成分.精品文檔.主動形式 被動形式 一般式 （not） to make （not） to be made 完成式 （not） to have made （not） to have been made 進行式 （not） to be making 完成進行式 （not） to have been making 一作定語 置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。The next train to arrive is from Washington. 表示將來的動作Have you anything to be taken to you

2、r sister?只有動賓關(guān)系，則需用被動語態(tài)Do you have anything to say on the question? 與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，同時與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，盡管有被動含義，卻仍用主動語態(tài)Would you please give me some paper to write on? 與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，如是不及物動詞，則需加介詞不定式作定語時=定語從句，例to arrive=that will arrive。二、作表語 不定式作表語表示具體動作或?qū)韯幼?；動名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。 To be kind to the enemy i

3、s to be cruel to the people. 當主語和表語都是不定式時，其含義一是條件，一是結(jié)果（例）My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter. What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 當主語是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞（例）時，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句（例），不定式說明主語的內(nèi)容。 Our work is serving the people. What

4、he likes is taking a walk after supper. 句動名詞作表語，與主語部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換，如Serving thepeople is out work,The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting. 而句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)， 三、作賓補 1) 動詞+賓語+不定式(to do) Advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force g

5、uess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們在街上玩耍 I found him lying on the ground. 用分詞做賓補(現(xiàn)在分詞表達主動

6、，也表達正在進行，過去分詞表達被動)=I found it important to learn. 先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶to do =I found that to learn English is important. 帶一個從句此類動詞還有g(shù)et，have。 。 2) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作賓補的動詞。 Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱), discover, fancy(設(shè)想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show

7、, suppose, take(以為), understand We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我們認為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。 3) to be +形容詞 Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean The book is believed to be uninteresting. 人們認為

8、這本書沒什么意思。 4) there be+不定式 believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會有那么多人在哪里。 5）as 短語做補語，如regard, think believe, take, consider. Mary took him as her father . 瑪麗把他當作自己的父親。 四：作狀語 1）目的狀語 To only to (僅僅為了), in or

9、der to, so as to, so(such) as to (如此以便) He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。 2）作結(jié)果狀語，表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。 What have I said to make you angry. 3) 表原因 I'm glad to see you. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on 當動詞與介詞連用時，常位于"形容詞+動詞不定式"

10、結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。五、作主語 動詞不定式作主語時，句子的謂語動詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式置后3)當不定式作主語的句子中又有一個不定式作表語時，不能用It is to的句型(錯)It is to believe to see. (對)To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。六、作賓語 1) 動詞+不定式 Want to do be warned not to do被動2）動詞+不定式=動詞+賓語+不定式 ask,

11、 beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。 I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。 3）動詞+疑問詞+ to（疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)）decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, ex

12、plain, tell Please show us how to do that. 請演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?The question is how to put it into practice. 問題是怎樣把它付諸實施。 4)有些動詞只能跟不定式作賓語=接that引導(dǎo)的從句。I decided to ask for my money back. I decided that I would ask for my money back. 5)當復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式時，先用形式賓語it代替不定式，把不定式置于補語之后，即：主語動詞it補語to do句式。He feels it his du

13、ty to help the poor. (1)語態(tài) 在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的不定式可用被動，也可用主動。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時兩種形式表達的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.) (2)時態(tài) 1) 現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時表示的動詞，有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，有

14、時發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再見到你。 2) 完成時：表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。 . He seems to have caught a cold. 3) 進行時：表示動作正在進行，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。 He seems to be eating something. 4) 完成進行時： She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for

15、 many years. 疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu) 疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表語等。如： When to leave for London （When we shall leave）has not been decided yet. Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. I asked Professor Xuhow to learn English well.（how I could learn） The questio

16、n was where to get the medicine needed. 以上例句中疑問詞不定式部分，均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的從句形式。如：When we shall leave、how I could learn 經(jīng)常在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的動詞有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,learn,observe,understand,wonder等。 +do1）情態(tài)動詞 ( 除ought 外，ought to)： 2）使役動詞 let, have, make： 3）感官動詞（在被動語態(tài)中則to不能省掉）I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. 4）would rather，had better： 5）Why / why not： 6）help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth： 7）but和except：but前是to do時，后面出現(xiàn)的動詞用do He wants to do nothing but go out. 比較：He wants