【公開課課件】人教版（2019）必修一：Unit 4 Natural Disasters Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures 課件

1、Unit 4 Natural Disasters Part 3 Discovering Useful StructuresPresentation some smelly gas a huge crack a deadly disaster形容詞形容詞作定作定語語 their rescue work her shock its survivors 代詞代詞作作定語定語a city in ruins a town without factories 介詞短語介詞短語作作定語定語village wells rescue workers government support 名詞名詞作定作定語語定語

2、就是用來定語就是用來修飾或限定修飾或限定名詞或者代詞名詞或者代詞的成分的成分one minute 10,000 nurses 150,000 soldiers What is the attribute? (什什么是定語）么是定語）數(shù)詞數(shù)詞作作定定語語Presentation the falling leaves people trapped under the ruins. 非謂語非謂語作作定語定語What is the attributive clause? (什么是定語從句）什么是定語從句）修飾一個名詞或代詞的單詞或短語叫定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞的單詞或短語叫定語，如如果定語為一個句子果

3、定語為一個句子則稱為定語從句，一般緊跟則稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。定語從句是在句子中作定語從句是在句子中作定語定語，修飾，修飾名詞名詞或或代詞代詞的從句。的從句。這種從句由這種從句由關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞或或關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，并作句子成分引導(dǎo)，并作句子成分.因形容詞因形容詞 通常做定語，所以又稱之為通常做定語，所以又稱之為形容詞性從句形容詞性從句。Attributive clause:定語從句的位置：通常在先行詞（在主句中）后。定語從句的位置：通常在先行詞（在主句中）后。定定語語從從句句的的引引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)詞詞關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞指人指人指

4、物指物who(主語、賓語主語、賓語)，whom(賓語賓語)，that(主語、賓語主語、賓語), whose(定語定語)that(主語、賓語主語、賓語),which(主語、賓語主語、賓語)whose(定語定語)where (地點狀語地點狀語)when (時間狀語時間狀語)why (原因狀語原因狀語)This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.1. ：在含有定語從句的復(fù)合句中，除去定：在含有定語從句的復(fù)合句中，除去定語從句后的部分，是句子的主句。語從句后的部分，是句子的主句。2. ：修飾主句中的

5、一個名詞或代詞的：修飾主句中的一個名詞或代詞的句子是定語從句。句子是定語從句。（修飾the boy)3. ：先行詞就是被定語從句修飾的名詞：先行詞就是被定語從句修飾的名詞等，它總是出現(xiàn)在定語從句的前面。等，它總是出現(xiàn)在定語從句的前面。4. ：關(guān)系詞指用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞，：關(guān)系詞指用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。升級為Two thirds of the people that/who lived there were dead or injured.升級為：There were deep cracks that/ which appeared in the

6、 well walls.1.There were deep cracks . The cracks appeared in the well walls.Make up attributive clause.先行詞 主語，指物，用that/ which 替代,被替代的詞不再出現(xiàn) 2. Two thirds of the people were dead or injured. These people lived there. 先行詞主語，指人，用that/ who 替代,被替代的詞不再出現(xiàn)指人時可以用指人時可以用who,也可用也可用that Do you know the boy who/t

7、hat is my desk mate? The man who/that was killed in the accident is Toms uncle.指物時可以用指物時可以用which,也可用也可用 that I like visiting places which/that are not far away. How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday? whose 可以指人也可以指物，表示從屬關(guān)系可以指人也可以指物，表示從屬關(guān)系“.的的” He was a painter whose pictures were

8、 not well-known in his life time. The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year.關(guān)系代詞作賓語時可以省略關(guān)系代詞作賓語時可以省略 I like the meal (that/which) we had last night. Do you know the boy (who/whom/that) we talked about just now? A. 作定語從句的一個句子成分作定語從句的一個句子成分 This is the book that I have been looking for.B. 連接

9、主句和從句連接主句和從句 I have a house and its windows are very big. I have a house, whose windows are very big. I have a house; its windows are very big. I have a house, its windows very big.C. 指代先行詞的意思指代先行詞的意思 He works in a factory, which is not far from his home. （which指代factory，并在定語從句中作主語）Eg: This is the s

10、chool _ I once studied.一找：找一找：找主句主句、從句從句、先行詞先行詞 This is the school _ I once studied.二還：根據(jù)先行詞，把定語從句還原為完整的一句話二還：根據(jù)先行詞，把定語從句還原為完整的一句話(添詞添詞) I once studied at the school.三提問：對添加部分進(jìn)行提問（用關(guān)系詞替代添加部分）三提問：對添加部分進(jìn)行提問（用關(guān)系詞替代添加部分） 對主語對主語/賓語提問用代詞，賓語提問用代詞，who(that)/whom/which(that)/whose; 對狀語提問用副詞，對狀語提問用副詞，when/whe

11、re/why。 at the school在作地點狀語，故用在作地點狀語，故用where提問提問where6. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. A. that B. / C. when D. A and B 解析：We spent the days together. 主 謂 賓語 關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：which/that/省略省略D1. that和和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換，在指物的情況下一般都可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般用但在下列情況下，一般用that而不用而不用which。 I am sure she has

12、something that you can borrow. 我肯定她有你可以借的東西。 Do you have anything that you dont understand? 你有什么不明白的嗎？（1 1）先行詞為）先行詞為all, ,everything, ,nothing, ,something, , anything, ,little, ,much等不定代詞等不定代詞引導(dǎo)詞的注意事項 This is the first book (that) he has read. 這是他讀的第一本書。 This is the best film (that) I have ever seen

13、. 這是我看過的最好的電影。（2 2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾（3 3）先行詞既有人又有物）先行詞既有人又有物 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered. 他們談?wù)撍麄冇浀玫娜撕褪隆?Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 你看那人和他的驢，正走在街上。（4 4）先行詞被）先行詞被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the last，

14、just，right等修飾等修飾。 Ive read all the books that are written by him. 他寫的書我都讀過了。 This is the very book that belongs to him. 這正是他的書。（5 5）先行詞是）先行詞是who或或which引導(dǎo)的主句中。引導(dǎo)的主句中。 Who is the girl that drove the car? 開車的女孩是誰？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最適合我？2. 當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是one，ones，anybody，anyone，al

15、l，none，those等等, 指人時一般用指人時一般用who不用不用that。 Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 那些想去看電影的人將在學(xué)校門口等著。 Anyone who breaks the laws should be punished. 任何違反法律的人都應(yīng)該受到懲罰。 Ive told all who will attend the meeting. 我已經(jīng)通知所有與會人員。 關(guān)系代詞直接放在介詞后面時，要用which，不用that； 要用whom，不用wh

16、o 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，要用which, who, whom, 不用that，也不能省略 當(dāng)先行詞為one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all指人時，關(guān)系代詞用who 強(qiáng)調(diào)人的職業(yè)、某種特性、品質(zhì)或才能時，which也可代指人；先行詞是嬰兒時也用which合并成定語從句：1. I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.2. Last week Mary wore the dress. I give it to her.3. They live in a room. Its window f

17、aces south.4. The foreign guest is from America . You invited him to your party.5. Do you see the bridge? It was built with stone.The foreign guest whom you invited to your party is from America.I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music.Last week Mary wore the dress which/that I ga

18、ve to her.They live in the room whose window faces south.Do you see the bridge which / that was built with stones?1. Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentence below. What function do the restrictive relative clause have?1. The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience t

19、hat my great- grandma cannot forget. 2. The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted. 3. The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 4. Mr. Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise. 5. A doctor

20、 with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador. 6. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.1.1.定語從句：定語從句：是指在復(fù)合句中，修飾是指在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞名詞或或代詞代詞的從句，的從句，充當(dāng)充當(dāng)形容詞形容詞使用。使用。2.2.先行詞：先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞名詞或代詞。3.3.關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞( (引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞) )：引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞分為定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞和和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞。 1. Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _ were asleep.3. The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they coul