間接引語、賓語從句

1、復(fù)習(xí)：賓語從句復(fù)習(xí)：賓語從句/間接引語間接引語 1、由不同引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由不同引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 2、直接引語和間接引語直接引語和間接引語 3、賓語從句賓語從句/間接引語中時(shí)態(tài)的變化間接引語中時(shí)態(tài)的變化 4、間接引語中其它變化間接引語中其它變化1、實(shí)例2、練習(xí)由從屬連詞由從屬連詞thatthat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（在非正式文體中常省略）（在非正式文體中常省略） 由連接代詞 Who, whom, whose, which，what 和連接副詞 where, how, why, when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由從屬連詞由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句注注：

2、that 在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在口語當(dāng)中往往省略e.g. 1. I hear (that) _. （一小時(shí)后他會回來）2. He said (that) _. （他非常想念我們）3. The teacher told us (that) _. （地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)） he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun由連接代詞由連接代詞what, whom, whose, which, what及連接及連接副詞副詞 when, where, how, why引導(dǎo)的賓語從

3、句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1. He asked _. (誰能回答這個(gè)問題）2. Do you know_. （他們在等誰）3. He asked _. （誰的書法是班上最好的）5. Do you know _.（地球和月亮，哪一個(gè)比較?。?. Please tell me _. （我們什么時(shí)候開會）7. Can you tell me _. （他在哪兒）8. Could you tell me _. （我該怎么去車站）9. Would you tell me _（為什么火車遲到了） who could answer the question whom they are waiting for whos

4、e handwriting was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late由從屬連詞由從屬連詞whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句e.g. 1. I want to know _. （他是否跟我們一起去公園）2. Ask him _. （他是否能來）3. I dont know _.（是否要下雨） if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether

5、(if) he can come whether it is going to rain or not在下列情況下只能用whether 1）介詞后 Im thinking about whether we should go fishing. 2）賓語從句提前時(shí) Whether this is true or not, I cant say. 3）直接與or not連用時(shí) I dont know whether or not he was ready. 4）在帶to 的動詞不定式前 She hasnt decided whether to go or not.應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題

6、：1. 賓語從句可放在形容詞后。常用形式是“be+形容詞+賓語從句” I am glad you like it .2. 賓語從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)的一致。 1）主句是現(xiàn)在（或?qū)恚r(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語從句可根據(jù)實(shí)際需要用不同的時(shí)態(tài)。如： He says Mary is playing with the cat . He says Mary often plays with the cat. He says Mary will play with the cat. I think he left yesterday morning. 2) 主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。 He said M

7、ary was playing with the cat. He said he hoped to be back soon.當(dāng)從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)或客觀真理時(shí)，該從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不用過去時(shí)。如： He said light travels much faster than sound.3. 賓語從句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。如果主句謂語動詞是think , believe suppose 等，而從句的意思是否定的，這時(shí)主句的謂語動詞用否定式，從句用肯定式。如： I dont think you are right. 我認(rèn)為你不對。4. 將普通的特殊疑問句變成賓語從句時(shí)，從句的語序要由疑問句變成陳述

8、句的語序。 - When will the meeting begin? - I want to know when the meeting will begin.5. 將普通的一般疑問句變成賓語從句時(shí)，則用if /whether連接，同時(shí)變成陳述句語序。 - Are you an English teacher ? - He asked if I was an English teacher.if也可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，表示“如果”（主將從現(xiàn)，主過從過）。比較： I dont know if he will come. If he comes ,I will tell you.6、在變賓語從句

9、時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)。 1）連接詞 2）人稱 3）語序 4）時(shí)態(tài) 5）標(biāo)點(diǎn)1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3. Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 4. I hear they _ (return) it already. 5. I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk)6. He said

10、that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)7. He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)8. The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)9. I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be) will be goes were playing has returned had been travels are talking were were doing用所給

11、詞適當(dāng)形式填空10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)13. Ling Feng told me he _ to several times. (be)14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise)15. Can you

12、tell me what they _ yesterday? (do) wrote moves has taken has been risesdid將下列句子合并為一句將下列句子合并為一句:1. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me? 2. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?3. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 4. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 5. “ I

13、 am doing my homework.” He said. 6. “I will come back.” Tom said. 7. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked. I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said th

14、at he would come back. Jim asked if he was doing his homework. Would you tell me why the train is late?直接引語變間接引語直接引語變間接引語1陳述句變?yōu)殛愂鼍渥優(yōu)閠hat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句e.g. 1. He said, “You are younger than I ”. 2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”. He said that I was younger than him. He says that Tom is a good stud

15、ent. 直接引語變間接引語直接引語變間接引語2特殊疑問句變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡柧渥優(yōu)閣ho, what, when等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句e.g. 1. He asked, “Where do you live?” 2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked. He asked where I lived. He asked how they could get to the post-office. 直接引語變間接引語直接引語變間接引語3一般疑問句變?yōu)閕f (whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句e.g. 1. She said, “ Do yo

16、u often come here to read newspaper? ”2. “Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked. She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper. He asked if (whether) they would go visit the Great Wall. 祈使句變?yōu)閍sk tell sb. (not) to do sth.e.g. 1. The teacher said to the boy, “ Come in, please. ”

17、 2. Father said to me, “Dont shout in public.” The teacher asked the boy to come in.Father told me not to shout in public.直接引語變間接引語直接引語變間接引語4變化 間接引語主要變化 1.引導(dǎo)詞 2.時(shí)態(tài) 3.語序 4.時(shí)間、地點(diǎn) 指示代詞* 祈使句的變化賓語從句與賓語從句都要考慮三個(gè)方面1.連接詞2.語序3.時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(dodoes)一般過去時(shí)(did)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(amisare doing)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(waswere doing)一般將來時(shí)(will

18、 do)過去將來時(shí)(would do)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(havehas done)過去完成時(shí)(had done)時(shí)態(tài)的變化時(shí)態(tài)的變化 1） 現(xiàn)在時(shí)間推移到過去時(shí)間現(xiàn)在時(shí)間推移到過去時(shí)間 所謂現(xiàn)在時(shí)間推移到過去時(shí)間指一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變成過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變成過去完成時(shí)。例如： She said, “I am hungry.” She said (that) she was hungry. He said, “The family are fighting among themselves.” He said (that) the family were fighting amo

19、ng themselves. Tom said, “I have found whats wrong with the computer.” Tom said he had found what was wrong with the computer.Direct Speech VS Indirect Speech 2）過去時(shí)間推移到過去的過去）過去時(shí)間推移到過去的過去 這里需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： a）當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作或狀態(tài)先于引述動詞時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)要變成過去完成時(shí)。例如： He said, “I didnt know you.” He said he hadnt known me. b) 當(dāng)“過去的過

20、去”已經(jīng)不言自明，或者通過其他詞匯手段予以體現(xiàn)，或者側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)所轉(zhuǎn)述的事實(shí)本身時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)形式可以不變。例如： Ann said, “She was born in 1981.” Ann said she was born in 1981.Direct Speech VS Indirect Speech 3）一般將來時(shí)變成過去將來時(shí)）一般將來時(shí)變成過去將來時(shí) 最常見的是把表示將來時(shí)間的助動詞由現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式變?yōu)檫^去時(shí)形式。例如： He said, “Were spending next weekend at home.” He said they were spending the next w

21、eekend at home. She said, “The milk will go off（變質(zhì)）if you dont drink it today.” She said the milk would go off if I didnt drink it that day. They said, “Were going to Hawaii this summer vacation.” They said they were going to Hawaii that summer vacation.人稱的相應(yīng)變化人稱的相應(yīng)變化Iwe與主句主語一致與主句主語一致You與主句賓語一致與主句賓語

22、一致*間接引語無引號Hesheitthey不變Direct speechIndirect speechnowthenthisthatyesterdaythat daytomorrowthe next daytodaythe day beforethis afternoonthat afternoon時(shí)間狀語的變化時(shí)間狀語的變化指示代詞的變化 this，these分別變成that/it，those/they或them；指示限定詞this，those通常變?yōu)閠hat，those或the。例如： “This house is very expensive,” she said. She said t

23、hat house was very expensive. The children came back with two wallets and said, “We picked these up on the pavement.” The children came back with two wallets and said they had picked them up on the pavement.地點(diǎn)狀語的變化 地點(diǎn)狀語here通常變?yōu)閠here；但若說話人所在地也就是引述人所在地，可仍用here，也可用具體地點(diǎn)代替here。例如： She said, “I first met

24、your brother here.” She said she first met my brother there. “Are the children here?” Father asked. Father asked whether the children were here.時(shí)間狀語不變時(shí)間狀語不變的情況的情況 時(shí)間狀語變與不變需視具體情況而定，如果引述時(shí)間狀語變與不變需視具體情況而定，如果引述時(shí)間和說話時(shí)間（如同一年、同一月、同一天時(shí)間和說話時(shí)間（如同一年、同一月、同一天等），時(shí)間狀語可不變。等），時(shí)間狀語可不變。例如： Mr. Black said, “We started l

25、earning Chinese last month.” Mr. Black said they had started learning Chinese last month. （同一月引述） Mr. Black said they had started learning Chinese the previous month. （可在同一月引述，也可不在同一月引述）分句分句不變的情況不變的情況 時(shí)間狀語分句中的一般過去式或者過去進(jìn)時(shí)間狀語分句中的一般過去式或者過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以不變。行時(shí)可以不變。例如： John said, “When I lived in London I often sa

26、w Jane.” John said when he lived in London he had often seen Jane. John said when he lived in London he often saw Jane. 在下列場合，盡管陳述動詞為過去時(shí)形式，間接引語中的動詞時(shí)態(tài)卻不必改變，即： a） 當(dāng)引述的是客觀事實(shí)、科學(xué)真理、現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣工作以及格言等當(dāng)引述的是客觀事實(shí)、科學(xué)真理、現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣工作以及格言等內(nèi)容時(shí)：內(nèi)容時(shí)： He said, “The word laser is an acronym（首字母縮詞）.” He said the word laser is an a

27、cronym. b） 當(dāng)動詞所表示的狀態(tài)或動作在引述時(shí)仍在繼續(xù)時(shí)： “Im forty,” he said. He said he is forty. c）在引述時(shí)，如果原話中的動作或者狀態(tài)屬于尚未到來的將來時(shí)間，那么，可以不推移到過去將來時(shí)間。例如： He said, “Ill be waiting for you tomorrow.” He said he will be waiting for me tomorrow. d） 當(dāng)謂語動詞包含無過去時(shí)形式的情態(tài)助動詞時(shí)： He said, “It must be pretty late. I really must go.” He said

28、 it must be pretty late, and he really must go.1. “Im going home now.” she said. She said_2. “I will call you tomorrow morning.”Alice said to Tom. Alice _ Tom _3. “We are having a surprise party for Linda now.” Marcia said_4. “You can do better.”His father said to him. His father _him _5. “I should

29、try my best next time.” Jack thought. Jack thought _6. “Were not going to have lessons this afternoon.” The boy said to his father_.she was going home then.told she would call him.they were having a for then.told he could do better.he should try his best the next time.told they were not going to hav

30、e lessons that afternoon.譯成英語 1. 我恐怕我明天可能會晚點(diǎn)到。 2. 你知道他在鞋廠工作了多久了嗎？ 3. 我不知道他昨天是否穿了那件新襯衫。 4. 媽媽問那把雨傘在哪里。 5. 他告訴我他的父母會來看他。 6. 老師問我是否完成了物理作業(yè)。 7. 今晚是否會下雨，我不確定。 8. 你能告訴我為什么他每天都起地這么遲嗎？ 9. 我想我能幫助你。 10）我不記得以前是否看過這部電影。 11）她說昨天她的丈夫起程去法國了。 12）警察發(fā)現(xiàn)在這場交通事故中一名男子受了重傷。用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空 1. The mother likes saying _she has a good daughter.2. They