法律英語legal translation1

1、The Theory and Practice of Legal Law TranslationChapter 1 Basic Rules for Legal Translation Accuracy: Contractor shall assume full responsibility for the entire project work until its acceptance. 在項(xiàng)目接收之前，承包方應(yīng)對工程承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任。 在項(xiàng)目驗(yàn)收之前，承包方應(yīng)對工程承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任。 原文中的acceptance 譯為“接收”不準(zhǔn)確，應(yīng)為“驗(yàn)收”，即工程的完工情況必須經(jīng)過查驗(yàn)，并確定工程的質(zhì)量等是否

2、符合合同規(guī)定的要求。 Damages for breach of contract by one party consist of a sum equal to the loss, including loss of profit, suffered by the other party as a consequence of the breach. 一方違約違約的損害賠償金包括因其違約而使另一方遭受損失的金額，含利潤損失。 一方違約的損害賠償金包括因其違約而使另一方遭受損失的金額，含利潤損失。 原文中的damages 是一個(gè)法律名詞，意思是“損害賠償金”，如果把它看作是damage 的復(fù)數(shù)，

3、譯為“損害”那么表意就不準(zhǔn)確了。 Brevity: The packing and wrapping expenses shall be borne by the Buyer. 包裝費(fèi)應(yīng)由由買方負(fù)擔(dān)負(fù)擔(dān)。 packing and wrapping 是同義詞并用，更為嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。不過在翻譯時(shí)，譯為一個(gè)詞即可。 Producers of toxic chemicals have the following options: (1) require purchasers to assume responsibility for subsequent spills, (2) deposit money in

4、 a damages escrow fund, (3) terminate production, or (4) post a conspicuous disclaimer of liability on every container. 有毒化學(xué)品的生產(chǎn)者具有下列選擇：（1）要求買方承擔(dān)由泄漏而造成的責(zé)任;（2）交納賠償保證金；（3）停止生產(chǎn)；（4）貼明顯的免責(zé)標(biāo)簽于每只集裝箱上。 原文將4個(gè)可供選擇的選項(xiàng)用數(shù)字表示，采用了平行的動(dòng)詞詞組形式，譯文也同樣選擇動(dòng)詞的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。 Normalization: The burden of proof rests with the defendant

5、. 證明的負(fù)擔(dān)由被告承擔(dān)。 舉證責(zé)任由被告承擔(dān)。 burden of proof 是法律英語中的專業(yè)術(shù)語，指“舉證責(zé)任”。 Where, through securities trading at a stock exchange, an investor comes to hold 5 percent of shares issued by a listed company, the investor shall, within three days from the date on which such share holding becomes a fact, submit a writ

6、ten report to the Securities Exchange, notify the listed company and make the fact known to the public. 通過證券交易所的證券交易，投資者持有一個(gè)上市公司已發(fā)行的股份的百分之五時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)在該事實(shí)發(fā)生之日起3日內(nèi)向證券交易所作出書面報(bào)告，通知該上市公司，并予以公告。 make known to the public 這個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語如果譯成“讓公眾知曉”或者“通知大家”就不能體現(xiàn)出法律語言的專業(yè)特征了。 Consistency: shall be prohibited shall be forbidd

7、en goods itemsPractical ExercisesThe balance shall be settled upon the arrival of the goods at the port of destination. 貨到目的港后即行付清余款。If any person over the age of 16 years who has the custody, charge or care of any child or young person under that age willfully assaults, ill-treats, neglects, abando

8、ns or exposes such child or young person such person shall be guilty of an offence. 任何超過16歲而對不足該年歲的兒童或少年負(fù)有看顧，照看及照顧責(zé)任的人，如故意襲擊，虐待，疏忽，拋棄或遺棄該兒童或少年也屬犯罪。Taxation shall comprise all forms of taxes, including without limitation to income tax, capital gains tax, stamp duty, tariffs, import and export duties,

9、 impositions, and all fines, fees and rates collected by the taxation authority and other authorities. 稅收包括各種形式的稅額，包括但不限于稅務(wù)局和其他主管部門征收的所得稅，資本收益稅，印花稅，關(guān)稅，進(jìn)出口稅，各種征稅及一切罰金，手續(xù)費(fèi)和地方稅。It is the duty of citizens of the Peoples Republic of China to pay taxes in accordance with the law. 中華人民共和國公民有依法納稅的義務(wù)。Citizen

10、s and juristic persons shall enjoy the right of honor. 公民，法人享有榮譽(yù)權(quán)。Chapter 2 Legal English Vocabulary and Translation Section 1 Comprehension and Translation of Formal Words The Appendix hereto shall, through the contract period, be deemed to be construed as part of this Contract. 整個(gè)合同期間，本合同的附件應(yīng)被理解為合

11、同的一部分。 句中be deemed 和be construed 為法律文件的正式用詞，be deemed為“被認(rèn)為，視為”之意，construe有explain之意，但比其正式，譯為“應(yīng)被理解”。 The headings and marginal notes in these conditions shall not be deemed part thereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation or construction thereof or of the Contract. 本合同條件中的標(biāo)題和旁注不應(yīng)視為合同

12、文本的一部分，在理解或解釋合同條件或合同本身時(shí)，也不應(yīng)考慮這些標(biāo)題和旁注。 句中construction意為explanation， 但更為正式。 If under Clause 31 the Employer employs other Contractors on the Site he shall require them to have the same regard for safety and avoidance of danger. 如果根據(jù)第31條規(guī)定，業(yè)主在現(xiàn)場雇用其他承包人時(shí)，業(yè)主應(yīng)要求該承包人在安全和避免危險(xiǎn)方面負(fù)有同樣的責(zé)任。 句中require 是正式用詞，比ask

13、正式。而且，require 表示上對下的要求，ask沒有這么明確，它兼有request 和require之意，但request表示下對上的要求，譯成“請求”。 The Chairman may convene an interim meeting in accordance with a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors. 董事長可根據(jù)董事會(huì)三分之一董事的提議，召集臨時(shí)董事會(huì)議。 句中convene（召集） 與interim（臨時(shí)）都是正式用詞。 The Times, Places and Manner of

14、 holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of choosing Senators. 每州的參議員和眾議員選舉的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)與方式，應(yīng)由該州議會(huì)決定。但除選舉參議員的地點(diǎn)外，國會(huì)可隨時(shí)依法制定或修改此類規(guī)定。 句中pres

15、cribe 是常用的法律用詞，一般在法律條文對某事做較詳細(xì)規(guī)定時(shí)使用該詞，譯成“規(guī)定”；句中的law 為不可數(shù)名詞，泛指法律（體系），by Law譯成“依法”。 All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. 本憲法授予的全部立法權(quán)，應(yīng)屬于由參議院和眾議院組成的合眾國國會(huì)。 句中powers 是法律用詞，意為“權(quán)力”，legislative

16、powers譯成“立法權(quán)”；vest sth. in sb. 意為to give sb. the legal right or power to do sth., 譯成“授予，給予”。Practical Exercises The Employers Representative shall carry out the duties specified in the Contract. The Employers representative shall have no authority to amend the Contract. 業(yè)主代表應(yīng)履行合同規(guī)定的職責(zé)。業(yè)主代表無權(quán)修改合同。 句中

17、specify 意為詳細(xì)說明(to state sth. in detail)，譯成“規(guī)定”；authority意為power, 譯成“權(quán)力”。 All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. 一切征稅議案應(yīng)首先在眾議院提出，但參議院可按照處理其他議案的方式，提出修正案或表示贊同。 句中concur with 意為to agree，譯成“同意，

18、贊同”。 Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. 在國會(huì)開會(huì)期間，任何一院若未經(jīng)另一院同意，不得休會(huì)三日以上，也不得遷移到兩院舉行集會(huì)以外的其他任何地點(diǎn)。 句中adjourn 意為to stop a meeting or an official period of time，譯成“延期，休會(huì)”。 The United Nations shall place no restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in any capacity and under conditions of equality in its principal and subsidiary organs. 聯(lián)合國不得限制男性及女性擔(dān)任任何職務(wù)的資格，不得限制男性，女性按照平等條件在聯(lián)合國總部及分支機(jī)構(gòu)中工作的資格