高中必修一直接引語變間接引語詳解

1、直接引語變間接引語（賓語從句）一.直接引語和間接引語的定義。直接引語：直接引用別人的話叫直接引語，間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語。直接引語前后加引號；間接引語不必加引號。He said, "I ' m a student." （直接引語 ） 一 He said that he was astudent.（間接引語）主句從句主句 從句二.當(dāng)直接引語為特殊疑問句變間接引語形成賓語從句時(shí)，首先要注意用特殊疑問詞，其后用陳述語序的句子，同時(shí)注意 人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)間狀語，連接詞，語序 的變化.（一）人稱的變化規(guī)則：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。一隨主引號內(nèi)的第一人

2、主句主語的人稱保稱變間引后與持致He says, " I like math very much .f He says that he likes math very much .二隨賓引號內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主句賓語的人稱保持一aHe said to Lily,“ you mustgetup early ”一 He told Lily thatshe must get up early二不用變引號內(nèi)的第三人去人稱/、變稱在艾同引后She said to me ,“ They want to help him”一 She told me thatthey wantedhelp hi

3、m（二）.時(shí)態(tài)變化賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)變化規(guī)則： 主現(xiàn)從不限；主過從四過 （即4種過去的時(shí)態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)；過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；過去將來時(shí)；過去完成時(shí)）; 客觀真理，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。1 .主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)。2 .主句過去時(shí)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)改成一般過去時(shí)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)改成 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；一般將來時(shí)改成過去將來時(shí)；一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)改成過去完成時(shí)。3 .主句過去時(shí)，從句是客觀真理時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth.Teacher told us the moon moves r

4、ound the earth.主句的時(shí)態(tài)從句的時(shí)態(tài)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)He says所需的任何時(shí)態(tài)He says, " he likes math very much .f He says that he likes math very much一般過去時(shí)He said直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)He said, “ he is a student. " f He said that he was a student現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)He said, “he is reading. " f He said that he was reading一般將來時(shí)過去將

5、來時(shí)He said, “he will go home' 一 He said that he would go home一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)He said , “he went home' f He said that he had gone home現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)He said , “he has gone home' f He said that he had gone home過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)He said , “he had gone home' f He said that he had gone home（三）.時(shí)間狀語變化直接引語間接引語

6、指示代詞thisthesethatthose時(shí)間狀語nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaylast weekthree days agotomorrownext weekthenthat daythat nightthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next day/ the following daythe next week/ the followingweek地點(diǎn)狀語herethere動詞comebringgotake（四）.連接詞1 .從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或?qū)h

7、at省略，直接與主句相連。2 .從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。3 .從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇 what,when,where,which,who,how 等的疑問代、副詞作 連接詞。注意：當(dāng)who為主語時(shí)，句式為：who+胃語+其他直接引語連接詞例句注息事項(xiàng)陳述句that（常省略）He said to me, “ you can help her.”一 He said to me ( that ) I could1 .連接詞：that2 .引述動詞 said, said tosbtold sb,等help her.一般疑問句if/whether ."是否“He

8、asked her ,“ Do you love me ”f He asked her whether she loved1 .改為“陳述語序”。2 .引述動詞asked3 .去掉 Do, Does, Did改變 Are, Is, Will, Cana®him.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞： what, who,why,how, which,whenHe asked his wife, “How are you” f He asked his wife how she was.i.改為“陳述語序”2.去掉 Do, Does, Did改變 Are, Is, Will, Cana®He

9、 asked me, “ What color do you like ”f He asked mewhat color I liked.祈使句肯定ask (tell)sb. to do sthHe shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.”一He told Lily to close the door.i.不用連接詞2 .不改變時(shí)態(tài)。3 .無須考慮語序否定ask (tell) sb. not to do sth.He said to me,"Don' t be late. ”f He asked me not to be late.注意：1 .語序不

10、變的有：What' the matter with you What ' s wrong with you但 What' s the trouble with you的語序要變1 r ） 從句中有 or/ or not 。 例：she asks whether he stayed 。2 .只用 whether（2 ）與不定式 to do 連用。例：I can' t decide whether to tell him the news3）在介詞后。例： they are talking about whether they can afford thenew house用法是有區(qū)別的，但當(dāng) if/whether同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中的時(shí)候，我們要選 whether 3.賓語從句語序：陳語述序，即：連接詞+主語+謂語+其它?；?連接詞（此時(shí)連接詞充當(dāng)主語）+謂語+其它。陳述語序中：be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞不能提到主語前。例：1） can you tell me where is the hospital （ 錯(cuò)）can you tell me where the hospital is.（對）2） I