文內(nèi)夾注和參考文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)注法

1、文內(nèi)夾注和 參考文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)注法文內(nèi)夾注1 . 一位作者的一篇文獻(xiàn)，姓氏未出現(xiàn)在正文內(nèi)，姓氏應(yīng)標(biāo)出，如：Human beings have been described as-“usisnygmabnoiml als” (B1u9rk6e6 : 3).This point has been argued before (Frye 2001: 178-85).注意 ：句號(hào)在括號(hào)后面。2 . 一位作者的一篇文獻(xiàn)，姓氏出現(xiàn)在正文內(nèi)的，夾注內(nèi)不重復(fù)姓氏，如：Frye has argued this point elsewhere (2001: 178-85).Yule (1996b: 100) also s

2、tated that 3 .同一作者同一年內(nèi)出版的多篇文獻(xiàn)，在不同夾注的相同年份后加“a”、“ b”等，以示區(qū)別。加“ a”、“b”等的依據(jù)是該作者同一年出版的文獻(xiàn)在“參考文獻(xiàn)”中 按出版月份排列的前后位置，即排在前面的加“a”，排在后面的加“ b”，以此類推。如：For example, when expressing an opinion a woman would probably say: Well, em, I think that golf is kind of boring, don at:y8o9u).(Yule 1996Yule (1996b: 100) also state

3、d that 4 . 夾注中包含同一作者的多篇文獻(xiàn)，各文獻(xiàn)之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)：Halliday stated (1985a, 1985b) that 5 . 夾注中包含不同作者的多篇文獻(xiàn)，各作者之間用分號(hào)隔開(kāi)：Foreign researchers (Halliday and Hasan 1985a, 1985b; Schiffrin 1987; Hubbard 1989) are among those who contribute greatly in this field.6 . 多位作者的一篇文獻(xiàn)：Smythe and Jones (2001) found as has been show

4、n (Smythe and Jones 2001)This procedure means that “after a relatively fast translation of the whole text, the translator should spend some time reading through the whole TLT and make corrections and improvements until he or she is quite satisfied with it” (譚衛(wèi)國(guó)and 蔡龍權(quán) 2005: 36-7).Modern literary stu

5、dies have their origin in classic studies (Graff et al. 1995: 19-35).注意：作者為兩人的，兩人姓氏中間加and;作者為三人以上的，在第一位作者的姓氏后加上et al.， 省略其余作者姓氏。也可列出全部作者的姓氏，如 ( Yule, Graff andBoswell 1880）。作者姓氏之間用逗號(hào)，最后一位作者姓氏前用“and” 。無(wú)論用哪種方法，全文要統(tǒng)一。7 .轉(zhuǎn)引，即引自第二手資料，力口“ quoted in ” ：Samuel Johnson admitted that Edmund Burke was an“ extr

6、aordinacyeman ” （qBoswell 1980: 450）.注意：Boswell的有關(guān)信息必須出現(xiàn)在參考文獻(xiàn)內(nèi)。8 .連續(xù)引用同一文獻(xiàn)，用“ ibid.”標(biāo)出，表示出處同上。如： （Ibid.: 15）,表示與剛才 引用的文獻(xiàn)相同，但頁(yè)碼不同。頁(yè)碼也相同的只標(biāo)（Ibid.）。要注意的是，連續(xù)引用不同于重復(fù)引用。在多次引用同一文獻(xiàn)時(shí)，中間沒(méi)有對(duì)其他文獻(xiàn)的引用，才屬于連續(xù)引用，才能使用“ ibid.”。9 .較長(zhǎng)的引文：40個(gè)英語(yǔ)詞以上的引文，單才為一段，左邊縮進(jìn) 2個(gè)Tab鍵的距離， 右邊也縮進(jìn)相同的距離。字體為斜體，字號(hào)不變。也可以字體不變，但字號(hào)小一號(hào)。The European

7、 colonials sought to enforce systematically the acculturation of the natives:The casualness of the fur trading type of contacts could no longer be tolerated. Hence, with the arrival of the missionaries and their Christian ethic the task of converting the natives began, and peaceful penetration enter

8、ed a new phase, based upon an institutionalized mode of cultural dismemberment. （La Violette 1961: 302-3）注意：?jiǎn)为?dú)成段的引文不用引號(hào)，文內(nèi)夾注緊隨其后（即不換行）。引文結(jié)束的句號(hào)在括號(hào)之前，這一點(diǎn)跟較短的引文不同。10 .文學(xué)作品的文內(nèi)夾注：引文來(lái)自詩(shī)歌等韻文時(shí)，可以篇次和行次代替標(biāo)注中的頁(yè)碼； 引文來(lái)自劇本等文獻(xiàn)時(shí)，以幕次、場(chǎng)次和行次代替頁(yè)碼。詳細(xì)要求可參考 MLA 科研論文寫(xiě)作規(guī)范（第五版）（英吉巴爾蒂著，上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社2001年7月出版及其后版本）的有關(guān)部分。參考文獻(xiàn)Biblio

9、graphy各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容書(shū)寫(xiě)格式說(shuō)明:Prentic出版年書(shū)名，斜體出版地all, 1969.出版商Biguenet, J., and R. Schulte, eds.The Craft of Translation C. Chicago: University of作者超過(guò)兩人的，也都要寫(xiě)全。各作者之間加逗號(hào), 最后一位作者之前加“ and”。Bateson, A. G., Ralph A. Alexander, and Martin D. Murphy. Cognitive processing differences between novice and expert computer pr

10、ogrammers J.International Journal of Man-Machine Studies (1987) : 649-60.Dostoevsky, F.Crime and PunishmentM. Trans. Jessie Coulson. Ed. George Gibian. New York: Norton, 1964.意為 Edited by意為 Translated by集體作者Encyclopedia of IndianaZ. New York: Somerset, 1993.National Research Council.China and Global

11、 Change: Opportunities for collaboration .Washington Academy, 1992.Frye, N. Anatomy of Criticism: Four essayM. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957.書(shū)名主標(biāo)題，各實(shí)詞首字母大寫(xiě)。副標(biāo)題，除第一個(gè)詞 首字母大寫(xiě)、專有名詞首字母大寫(xiě)外，其他詞全部小寫(xiě)。文章名，不用斜體，也不用引號(hào)。表示該文獻(xiàn)為論文集中的文章James, N. E. Two sides of paradise: The Eden myth according to Kirk

12、 and Spock A.Greenwood.219-23.論文集名稱，斜體Spectrum of the Fantastic. Ed. Donald Palumbo. Westport, Connecticut:不出現(xiàn)在文獻(xiàn)首的人名，姓名均不顛倒名以寫(xiě)全為宜，也可縮寫(xiě)；姓必須寫(xiě)全Wilcox, R. V. Shifting roles and synthetic women irStar Trek The next generationJ.Studies in Popular Culture (1991): 53-65.K K卷號(hào)年份頁(yè)碼Di Rado, A. Trekking throug

13、h college: Classes explore modern society using the Worldof Star Trek N.Los Angeles Time15 Mar. 1995: A3.Cigarette sales fall 30% as California tax rises NNJew York Times14 Sept. 1999:A17.表示該文獻(xiàn)為未發(fā)表的學(xué)位論文Almeida, D. M. Father's participation of family work: Consequences for father's stressand father-child relations D. Unpublished master's dissertation, University of表示該文獻(xiàn)為網(wǎng)上文獻(xiàn)Africa,S網(wǎng)站名稱idging the gap of cultures OL. Writing world. English Forums. com.c ,上網(wǎng)獲取式底的幅Retrieved 6 Apri前面力口 Retrieved