被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的。這時(shí)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：I have finished this work. 我完成了這件工作。（“have finished”這個(gè)動(dòng)作是由“I”發(fā)出的，因此“I”就是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。）He went out when I got there.當(dāng)我到那兒時(shí)，他出去了。2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，或者主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。因此，只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：He was punished by his father. 他受到他父親的懲罰。(句中的“He”就是

2、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“punished”的承受者。）在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中，如果想強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用介詞by加動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者來(lái)表示。例如：On the way home, he was beaten by Tom. 在回家的路上，他被湯姆打了。The glass on the desk was broken by me. 桌子上的玻璃杯是我打碎的。常用的十種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞be 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。英語(yǔ)中最常用的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有十種：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：由am / are / is done構(gòu)成。例如：I am often praised by the teachers. 我經(jīng)常受到老師們的表?yè)P(yáng)。He is

3、 a good teacher. He is respected by the teachers and his students. 他是位好老師，受到師生們的好評(píng)。You are wanted on the phone.有你的電話。2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：由was / weredone構(gòu)成。例如：I was asked to go to Harbin on business yesterday.我昨天被派往哈爾濱出差了。This teaching building was completed the day before yesterday.這棟教學(xué)大樓是前天竣工的。She was criticiz

4、ed because she was late for school yesterday.由于昨天上學(xué)遲到，她受到了批評(píng)。This novel was published in 1998. 這本小說(shuō)是在1998年出版的。3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：由shall / will bedone構(gòu)成。例如：The sports meeting will be put off.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將被推遲。I am sure that we shall be invited to the party.我們肯定會(huì)被邀請(qǐng)參加舞會(huì)的。He will be sent to work the United States.他將被派往美國(guó)去工

5、作。4.一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：由should / would bedone構(gòu)成。例如：He told me that he would be asked to attend the opening ceremony.他告訴我說(shuō)他將被邀請(qǐng)參加開(kāi)幕式。She said that the work would be done by herself.她說(shuō)她將自己做此工作。I asked him if he would be criticized by the teacher. 我問(wèn)他是否會(huì)受到老師的批評(píng)。5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：由am / are / isbeingdone構(gòu)成。例如：The new teachin

6、g building is being built. 新的教學(xué)大樓正在修建。The street in front of my house is being widened. 我家前面的那條街道正在加寬。Listen! He is being punished by the teacher.聽(tīng)！老師在懲罰他。6.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：由was/ were beingdone構(gòu)成。例如：He realized that he was being made fun of.他意識(shí)到有人在取笑他。When I got there, the case which happened five days ago wa

7、s being investigated. 我到那兒時(shí)，五天前發(fā)生的案件正在調(diào)查。My little brother was being scolded by my father when I got home. 我到家時(shí)，我小弟弟正在受我父親的責(zé)備。7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：由have / hasbeendone構(gòu)成。例如：This class has been taught by me for three years. 這個(gè)班我已經(jīng)教了三年了。He has been praised since he came here.自從他來(lái)這兒以來(lái)，一直受到表?yè)P(yáng)。This computer has been r

8、epaired. 這臺(tái)電腦已經(jīng)修好了。This novel has been translated into English and French.這本小說(shuō)已被譯成了英語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)。8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：由had beendone構(gòu)成：例如：By the time I came back, the work had been finished.到我回來(lái)時(shí)，此工作已經(jīng)完成。When I got there , he had been killed.我到那兒時(shí)，他已經(jīng)被人殺害了。He told me that production costs in their factory had been greatl

9、y reduced.他告訴我說(shuō)他們工廠的生產(chǎn)成本大大地降低了。9.將來(lái)完成時(shí)：由shall / willhavebeendone構(gòu)成。例如：The work will have been finished by the time I come back. 到我回來(lái)時(shí)此工作將已完成。The new factory will have been completed by the end of this month.到這個(gè)月末，這個(gè)新工廠將已竣工。10.過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)：由should / would havebeendone構(gòu)成。例如：It was reported that this buildi

10、ng would have been completed by the end of this month.據(jù)報(bào)道，這棟樓將在這個(gè)月未以前將已竣工。He said that Book one would have been finished by the end of this term.他說(shuō)到本學(xué)期末以前第一冊(cè)書(shū)將已學(xué)完。在以下情況用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1.不知道或也沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)：例如：This city is well supplied with water.這個(gè)城市供水情況良好。The meeting has been postponed till Friday.會(huì)議延期到星期五舉行。Visitors are requested not to t