讀后續(xù)寫的解題方法及備考建議

1、2017年6月浙江省高考英語繼續(xù)采用讀后續(xù)寫這一寫作形式，難度適中，利于考生發(fā)揮想象力，試題總體設(shè)置非常好。根據(jù)要求，考生應(yīng)根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容、所給段落開頭語和所標(biāo)示關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行續(xù)寫（150詞左右），將其發(fā)展成一篇與給定材料有邏輯銜接、情節(jié)和結(jié)構(gòu)完整的短文?？忌撊绾瓮瓿?讀后續(xù)寫并獲得高分？筆者認(rèn)為，應(yīng)從以下幾個角度入手。一、解題思路1 .通讀全文，讀懂原文通讀全文首先要解決好五個W和一個H的問題，即理清人物 who、地點(diǎn)where、時間when、事件what、原因why及怎樣發(fā)展 how。who人物（角色）MacPaul and Beckxtwo cyclists *wolfwhen時間aRcrn

2、oonlUiere地點(diǎn)home io Alaskawhat事件A wolf attacked Macwhyhow怎么因此，文章大意就是，Mac與好友一起騎行去阿拉斯加，路上同伴因修自行車落后，Mac獨(dú)自一人前行，遇到狼的突襲，好一番搏斗，幸虧此時 Paul和Becky兩人開車經(jīng)過，出手相救。如何發(fā) 展（how） ?這要看考生的想象力如何。在通讀全文時，考生應(yīng)將影響語義理解的詞句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)揣摩，結(jié)合上下文推測出它的準(zhǔn)確含義。比如，A bright red cloud enveloped the animal ,該句中的 enveloped可以結(jié)合上下文，猜出它的含義 大致為 surround sb

3、. or sth. completely 。2 .構(gòu)思情節(jié)，謀篇布局按照原文中事件發(fā)生的邏輯性，構(gòu)思好情節(jié)發(fā)展，這個發(fā)展須符合情節(jié)內(nèi)在的邏輯。因?yàn)檫@不 是寫科幻小說，不是寫神話，因此應(yīng)該符合現(xiàn)實(shí)發(fā)生的真實(shí)性。所以這個環(huán)節(jié)的主要任務(wù)是謀篇布 局。布局謀篇最關(guān)鍵應(yīng)利用好兩方面的信息：十個標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語，Mac, friends , bicycle,pedaled , home , jumped , wolf, cars, climb , Paul。續(xù)寫部分所給的兩段落的首句。第一段第一 句是： The car abruptly stopped in front of him. 第二段的第句是

4、：A few minutes later , the other twocyclists arrived.這兩句話起到很關(guān)鍵的作用，無論從時間的先后、情節(jié)的發(fā)展都要以這兩句話作為內(nèi) 在邏輯關(guān)系。很多考生將two cyclists等同于Paul and Becky,說明沒有讀懂原文。因此在情節(jié)的安排7中，必須按照敘述的順序，繼續(xù)緊密結(jié)合原材料中五個W 的邏輯順序發(fā)展下去。第一段寫什么？應(yīng)圍繞Paul and Becky如何救助Mac展開；第二段寫什么？搞清開頭的這兩個人是誰很重要，然后依 照符合故事情節(jié)發(fā)展的內(nèi)在邏輯推進(jìn)下去。第一段和第二段要銜接緊密，相互關(guān)聯(lián)，不能獨(dú)立存在。3 .理清邏輯，優(yōu)化

5、語言這一部分側(cè)重點(diǎn)為語言邏輯，詞句結(jié)構(gòu)都必須符合當(dāng)時人狼大戰(zhàn)的情景。寫作不必追求高大上的詞匯，相反，樸實(shí)自然、地道、貼切的詞語便是好的詞語。楊柳的美體現(xiàn)在纖細(xì)婀娜，樟樹的美體現(xiàn)在挺拔繁茂，不同的寫作對象應(yīng)采用不同的語言風(fēng)格，必須采用適當(dāng)?shù)拿鑼憘?cè)重點(diǎn)。個人以為，2016 年 10 月高考讀后續(xù)寫題可以比較傾向于心理描寫；而2017 年 6 月的高考讀后續(xù)寫題，建議考生以動作描寫為主，可以參考電影速度與激情中的畫面風(fēng)格，采用令人眼花繚亂的動作描寫，以超快節(jié)奏描寫場景。續(xù)寫要抓住續(xù)這一核心，按照情節(jié)的發(fā)展進(jìn)行延續(xù)，寫作手法上必須以敘為主，描寫上以動作描寫為重心，情節(jié)的發(fā)展合乎邏輯地推進(jìn)。二、答題中的

6、主要問題1 . 內(nèi)容在閱卷過程中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，一部分考生沒有讀懂原文，如不認(rèn)識 bear spray,不理解a bright redcloud enveloped the animal ，沒有理清人物關(guān)系，誤認(rèn)為 Paul 與 Mac 是好朋友：這部分考生由于閱讀能力直接影響到續(xù)寫的發(fā)揮。另外一部分考生則是大面積抄寫試卷中的閱讀理解或是完形填空等處的語句；還有些考生描寫心理活動和場景過多，缺乏具體描寫，導(dǎo)致故事不夠連貫，不夠完整。2 .語言從評卷結(jié)果來看，考生出現(xiàn)的問題偏向于刻意追求運(yùn)用高級、新穎的詞匯，強(qiáng)行運(yùn)用復(fù)雜句型等語法結(jié)構(gòu)，而忽略了與原文語言環(huán)境的符合度和連貫度。同時出現(xiàn)了一些單詞拼寫錯

7、誤等，尤其是副詞的拼寫和不規(guī)則動詞的拼寫錯誤，如 disappointly ， to his surprised 等。更有甚者用套路作文，這與讀后續(xù)寫的全新創(chuàng)作宗旨相違背。3 .邏輯違背生活真實(shí)。如在緊張的人狼大戰(zhàn)環(huán)境下，有的考生卻寫兩人在拉家常。人物關(guān)系混亂。如增加了一些人物，讓故事變得更加復(fù)雜；把Paul 與 Mac 看成是原先認(rèn)識的；有些故事的結(jié)局并沒有交代如何處理狼。兩段的開頭語理解不到位，以及兩段之間銜接不夠，也帶來了很多故事上的混亂。比如第一段的 The car abruptly stopped in front of him ，學(xué)生理解為是Mac 要求他停車等。4 .其他問題閱卷

8、中發(fā)現(xiàn)很多考生錯誤地將一個單詞隨意移行。因?yàn)閱卧~移行規(guī)則很復(fù)雜，建議考生還是不要拆字為好。另外，閱卷中發(fā)現(xiàn)很多標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯誤，以下幾點(diǎn)需注意：英語中沒有頓號，分割句中并列成分多用逗號，如 She slowly， carefully ， deliberately moved the box ；英文的句號是實(shí)心點(diǎn)（ .） ；英 文的省略號是三個點(diǎn)（ .） ，位置在行底。作文范例點(diǎn)評 范文一The car abruptly stopped in front of him. A woman hurriedly opened the door and stretched out her hand, shout

9、ing, “ Get in! ” Mac grabhbaendd hweirthout hesitation, leaving his bicycle lying on the road and jumped into the car. The moment he shut the door, he caught the glimpse of the fierce eyes and hungry look of the wolf by the door. A cold feeling crept over his heart and made him shiver. However, thec

10、ar had left the wolf far behind, which made him sigh with relief. Mac thanked Paul and Becky and afterwards they pulled over by the road to wait for Mac s friends.A few minutes later, the two other cyclists arrived. As soon as they met, his friends w orried look faded away. “ Where have you been? We

11、 saw your bicycle on the road.” His friend asked and these worlike a penetrate of sunshine warmed his heart. After Mac explained to them, they said farewell to Paul and Becky in sincerely ind ebtedness. On the way home, night breeze made him at ease and he couldn t waishare his experience with his w

12、ife and children and show the kindness of the world.點(diǎn)評這篇文章語言上最大的特色是無靈主語的使用，即用無生命特征的名詞做句子的主語。整篇11個句子， 其中無靈主語就有5 句， 占了 42%。（ 1） A cold feeling crept over his heart and made him shiver.（ 2 ） However, the car had left the wolf far behind, which made him sigh with relief. （ 3） As soon as they met, his fr

13、iends worrlioeodk faded away.（ 4） these words like a penetrate of sunshine warmed his heart.（ 5 ） On the way home, night breeze made him at ease. 這樣，同樣含義的句子就由平淡變得生動有力 了。如： Feeling indeed had smothered her judgment that day. （選自英國著名作家Thomas Hardy 的小說Tess of the D Urbervilles）語言上的第二大特色就是這篇文章詞匯的使用，如 in

14、debtedness 等于 gratitude 感激， pull over 表達(dá)路邊停車，這些都體現(xiàn)了較為深厚的語言功底。但是， 文章還是有些瑕疵。 Mac grabbed her hand without hesitation ， leaving his bicycle lying on the road and jumped into the car. 這一句中應(yīng)將leaving 改為 left ，使其與前面的 grabbed 及后面的 jumped成為連貫動作， 也可把 jumped 改為 jumping 同 leaving 平行成為 grabbed 的伴隨狀語； His friend

15、asked and these words like a penetrate of sunshine warmed his heart. 此句中的 penetrate 是個動詞被錯誤地當(dāng) 做名詞使用，可以改為 His friend asked and these words like a ray of sunshine warmed his heart ； After Mac explained to them, they said farewell to Paul and Becky in sincerely indebtedness. 此句中的 sincerely 應(yīng)該改為形容詞修飾名詞i

16、ndebtedness 。范文二The car abruptly stopped in front of him. Mac s heart jumped wildly, and he dashed towards the carwithout the slightest hesitation for he knew it was his only chance. It was a real race against time to make it! Thank god, Mac successfully made the door open and that fierce wolf was j

17、ust around the corner. The instant Mac settled him on the seat, Paul started the car in a flash. The wolf had to give up and find another goal. What a narrow escape! Mac collapsed into the seat and smiled bitterly. The other two guys decided to stop at the gas station to have a rest.A few minutes la

18、ter, the two other cyclists arrived. Seeing his friends, Mac felt a great weight taken off his mind. His friends were amazed at Mac s experience, for it was a miracle to escape from a hungrywolf! Mac thanked Paul and Becky again and again, but his appreciation was beyond words. He said sincerely:“ Y

19、ou can t imagine how grateful I wI ahsa,vfeorbeen given a second life!” Tears gathered up inMac s eyes when he waved them goodbye. It was obviously an unforgettable experience, and Mac would have a lot to share with his family after he got home. It was his courage and other peoplethat ssaved him.點(diǎn)評從

20、語言角度出發(fā)， 這篇文章特征明顯。 首先是語言地道， 表現(xiàn)在三處for 的使用， （ 1） for he knewit was his only chance.（ 2） for it was a miracle to escape from a hungry wolf! （ 3 ） for I have been given a second life! 句子中使用 for 更加符合英語的思維習(xí)慣，盡管前后是并列關(guān)系，但是前面提供了主要的信息，然后進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。如：因?yàn)槔钤匠錾谋憩F(xiàn)，校長授予他 “本周學(xué)生之星”榮譽(yù)稱號。在這句話中，漢語的思維是先說原因，而英語的翻譯則是先說結(jié)果： The p

21、resident awarded Li Yue the title of " Star Student of the Week " for what she did for 蝎I(xiàn)ClOSS.果的位置是有很大差異的。再者, 此文章比較嫻熟地使用了寫作的各種技巧，如強(qiáng)調(diào)句的使用 It was his courage and other people s kindness that saved him. 感嘆句的使用： （ 1） You can t imagine how grateful I w，a（s 2） What a narrow escape! 等等。但是，這篇文章也存

22、在一些不足。 The instant Mac settled him on the seat, Paul started the car in a flash.此句中的 him 應(yīng)該改為 himself。 第段尾句 The other two guys decided to stop at the gas station to have a rest.這句話與上下文脫節(jié)，起不到承上啟下的作用，出現(xiàn)了情節(jié)邏輯的問題。總的說來，該文章比較好地完成了讀后續(xù)寫的任務(wù)，既讀懂了原文，又有比較好的語言功底將 故事敘寫下去。范文三The car abruptly stopped in front of hi

23、m. Seeing Paul wave at him kindly and open the car door for him, Mac immediately jumped out of his bicycle and rushed into the car. No sooner than the poor man had got in did Paul close the door. The wolf walked around the car and howled furiously at them, but just in vain. Realizing it couldn t cat

24、ch Mac any more, the wolf ultimately gave up and walked away gloomily.Watching the wolf was swallowed by the road, Mac, bathed in perspiration, sighed with relief and sank down to the back seat. Paul handed him a bottle of water and he managed a weak smile, murmuring something like “ Thank you very

25、much ”.A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived. Knowing that Mac had been chased by a wolf, they were stumped for words and paralyzed with fear. Fortunately, at that moment appeared Paul who lent a helping hand to Mac. The two friends extended their earnest gratitude to Paul for rescuing

26、 Mac and then took Mac back home. After such a terrible experience, the splendid landscape of Alaska seemed no longer to be a temptation to them. On the way back home, feeling the light breeze through his hair, Mac felt what happened just now was like a bad dream, but a warm glow flooded in as he th

27、ought of Paul s uhelp. The most precious part of humans is their care for each other.點(diǎn)評這是一篇非常優(yōu)秀的文章。 特別靚麗的地方就是doing 的使用， 具體有： （ 1 ） Seeing Paul wave athim kindly and open the car door for him ， Mac immediately jumped out of his bicycle and rushed into the car.（ 2） Realizing it couldn t catch Mac any

28、more, the wolf ultimately gave up and walked away gloomily.（ 3） Watching the wolf was swallowed by the road, Mac, bathed in perspiration, sighed with relief and sank down to the back seat.（ 4 ） Paul handed him a bottle of water and he managed a weak smile, murmuring something like“ Thank you very（m5

29、u）cKhnowin”. g that Mac had been chased by a wolf, theywere stumped for words and paralyzed with fear. （ 6 ） On the way back home, feeling the light breeze through his hair, Mac felt what happened just now was like a bad dream, but a warm glow flooded in as he thought of Paul ' s unselfish help.

30、 The most precious part of humans is their care each other.共占了 12 句話中的50%，卻不讓人感到單調(diào)，非謂語動詞的使用可以比較地道地表現(xiàn)語言的美。其次，文章大量使用了高級詞匯， howled furiously at them, ultimately, gloomily, perspiration, splendid landscape, murmuring, stumped, extended their earnest gratitude 等等，特別是不同場合不同 動作的動詞的適當(dāng)使用。語言描寫貼切地表達(dá)了情節(jié)發(fā)展的邏輯，采用

31、動作描寫大大重于對話描寫，讀來有很強(qiáng)的身臨 其境的感覺。美中不足的是考生在試圖使用高級表達(dá)的時候出現(xiàn)了些瑕疵，如 No sooner than the poor man had gotin did Paul close the door. 這句話在結(jié)構(gòu)上是錯誤的， 必須改為 No sooner had the poor man got in than Paul closed the door. 另外， Mac immediately jumped out of his bicycle and rushed into the car. 此句中的 out of 必須改為 off 。三、教學(xué)改進(jìn)建議

32、教師應(yīng)從何處入手，在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中發(fā)揮核心素養(yǎng)的積極作用？關(guān)鍵一點(diǎn)，在平時的英語教學(xué)實(shí)踐中，要關(guān)注學(xué)生的思維發(fā)展，教會他們發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、解決問題以及運(yùn)用英語思維的能力。當(dāng)今高考英語讀后續(xù)寫題型本質(zhì)上就是用英語思維能力輸出的一個具體體現(xiàn)，所以我們在教學(xué)中必須做到一些變與不變。不變的是：理清讀后續(xù)寫的真正含義。讀后續(xù)寫是考生通過閱讀所給材料，理解文章，對原文信息進(jìn)行再加工的一種寫作練習(xí)，閱讀原文將語言輸入，通過續(xù)寫將語言輸出，這兩者緊密結(jié)合，將語言學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用有機(jī)地結(jié)合了起來，真正做到將語言學(xué)活。變的是： 讀后續(xù)寫的考試方式， 在很大程度上改變了傳統(tǒng)英語教學(xué)以語法為中心教語言的模式。然而，當(dāng)下英語課堂，太多

33、重視詞匯的講解、語法的解析，而對學(xué)生的思維能力培養(yǎng)不夠，或者幾乎沒有；學(xué)生課堂上沒有可以展現(xiàn)思維的時間和空間；英語教師對語境的創(chuàng)設(shè)不充分，對創(chuàng)造性的思維挖掘不深等等。讀后續(xù)寫這種模式的信息輸出，要求廣大教師從本質(zhì)上改變傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)模式，將更多的課堂時間留給學(xué)生，變求同為求異。正如一千個讀者眼中有一千個哈姆雷特，這是英語教學(xué)工作者必須秉持的教學(xué)理念。為了做好這一點(diǎn)，有幾點(diǎn)建議：1 . 大量閱讀，增加信息量。教材的局限性是滿足不了高考的新題型，因此在平時的教學(xué)過程中，應(yīng)多輸入英美國家的文化背景知識，增加文學(xué)作品的閱讀，大量累積關(guān)于情緒情感和動作行為的詞匯和表達(dá)。我們必須主動閱讀教材以外的報刊、雜志、

34、經(jīng)典英語小說，享受英語的美感，隨時摘記，建立一本寫作摘記本，見到好詞、 好句、 好段落， 立刻記到本子上， 反復(fù)背誦， 并運(yùn)用到口語和寫作中。 如雙城記( A Taleof Two Cities) 有類似的動作描寫， 可以借鑒： With a roar that sounded as if all the breath in France had been shaped into the detested word, the living sea rose, wave on wave, depth on depth, and overflowed the city to that point. Alarm-bells ringing, drums beating, the sea raging and thundering on its new beach, the attack began.2 .開放教學(xué)，還學(xué)生自由。自由首先是思維的自由，不敢想，沒時間想，不愿意想，這是學(xué)生現(xiàn)在常見的阻礙發(fā)展創(chuàng)造性思維的現(xiàn)象。浙江省從2005 年高考英語書面表達(dá)的大轉(zhuǎn)變開始，對控制式的教學(xué)提出了新的要求，萬人一面的