高中英語從句語法總復(fù)習(xí)

1、?？贾R(shí)在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。通過從句的意思判斷先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who，, whom whose, which , that等和關(guān)系副詞 where, when, why等。一、非限制性定語從句記：有逗號(hào)的從句，連接詞一定不用 that 。典型例題They will fly to Washington,they plan to stay for two or three days.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when二、關(guān)系代詞 who, whom whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句這類定語從句中，who在從句中用作主語，

2、whom從句中用彳賓語，whose從句中用作定語注意：Whose既可代表人，也可代表物eg： Do you see the house whose windows are all broken?三、關(guān)系代詞that 和 which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句1、只能用which 的情況（ 1）介詞 +which（ 2）非限制性定語從句2、只能用that 的情況（1）先行詞為不定代詞（all , nothing , much等）（ 2）兩個(gè)the ：先行詞為序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)（ 3）人和物同時(shí)做先行詞時(shí)（ 4）先行詞被the only ， the very 修飾時(shí)3、“介詞+which/whom”中介詞的選擇關(guān)

3、系代詞前的介詞使用時(shí)根據(jù)與名詞前面的動(dòng)詞搭配關(guān)系和介詞的搭配關(guān)系及句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要而定。eg: We'll never forget the day on which we went camping.四、關(guān)系副詞 when, where , why引導(dǎo)的定語從句1、when, where, why吮詞+which ,有時(shí)為表達(dá)清楚，還可在關(guān)系副詞where、when前加介詞from, to。Reason Why= reason for which2、關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞的比較記：從句的句子是完整的連接詞一定用關(guān)系副詞3、高考對(duì)關(guān)系副詞where 的考查高考中對(duì)where的考查趨于復(fù)雜，先

4、行詞由“明顯的地點(diǎn)”轉(zhuǎn)為“地點(diǎn)的模糊化" 。Where不能只理解為表地點(diǎn)，當(dāng)先行詞表示某人 / 物的處境（situation ） ，或某事所發(fā)展的階段，或表達(dá)某事的某個(gè)方面（ part ，point ）時(shí)都可用where 這個(gè)關(guān)系副詞。例詞： Place 地點(diǎn) Case 案例 Situation 形勢(shì) Point 點(diǎn) Top 頂點(diǎn) Position 地位 Stage 階段 Occasion 場(chǎng)合 Aspect 方面五、關(guān)系代詞as， which 的區(qū)別As主要用于 as as; the same as；such as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。譯為"正如"。as 引導(dǎo)非限制性的定語

5、從句，修飾前面整個(gè)句子，而which 均可。eg： The meeting,which was held in the park,was a success.eg： The meeting was a success,as was expected.典型例題（ 1） My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.A. whichB. thatC. where D. it（ 2） The Beatles ， many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool.A.

6、whatB.that C.how D.as六、way的特殊用法The way that/which/ 不填 he explained to us was quite simple.The way that/in which/ 不填 he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.考點(diǎn)剖析命題規(guī)律：（ 1 ）關(guān)系代詞的辨析及關(guān)系副詞的辨析。（ 2）關(guān)系代詞的指代情況（3）定語從句的主謂一致問題。例題：規(guī)律總結(jié)：定語從句一般考連接詞，一般分三步完成。1 、判斷定語從句的先行詞和理解從句意思。2、看從句是否完整，完整一定

7、用關(guān)系副詞。3、不完整的（ 1） * 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的辨析，判斷從句是否完整，完整的連接詞一定用關(guān)系副詞。eg： This is the farm where he works.eg： This is the farm which he visits.*遇至U situation , part , point , place , period 等，般連接詞用where。遇至U time , age, day 等，般連接詞用when。*介詞后一定不加 that ,注意介詞的判斷。介詞 +which/whom （不用who）。關(guān)系副詞=介詞+which（ 2） *非限制性定語從句及有逗號(hào)的從句

8、，一定不用that （特別注意先行詞為整個(gè)句子時(shí)）。*which ， that 的一些特殊用法。* 作賓語的關(guān)系代詞可省略（ 3）定語從句的兩個(gè)特殊句型*Is this school we visited that year?Is the school we visited that year?Is this the school we visited that year?名詞性從句?？贾R(shí)一、名詞性從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能總述名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。具有名詞性功能。名詞性從句主要有四種從句結(jié)構(gòu)：以 that 引導(dǎo)的從句；以 whether/if 引導(dǎo)的從句；以特殊疑問

9、詞引導(dǎo)的從句；以 what 或 wh-ever等連接代詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性關(guān)系從句。主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句作及物動(dòng)詞賓語作介詞賓語that 一般不省略可以省略一般不省略一般不省略一般不省略whether/if （是否）放于句首時(shí)只用whether 用 whether/if 均可，但有區(qū)別只用 whether 只 用whether 只用 whether特殊疑問詞注意語序要用陳述語序名詞性關(guān)系從句注意語序要用陳述語序典型例題（ 1） Can you tell me （ 我如何去）get to the railway station?（ 2） These photographs will sh

10、ow you （ 我們村上看上去是什么樣子的 ）。that 從句（一 ） 主語從句1、 that 從句作主語時(shí)，常用it 作形式主語，常見的句型有：1）It+be+形容(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable)+that 從句。 eg： It is certain that she will do well in her exam.(2) It+be+ 名詞詞組(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise)

11、+that 從句。eg: It's a pity that we can't go.(3) It+be+ 過去分詞(said , reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged)+that 從句。eg： It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.( 4)It+ 不及物動(dòng)詞+that 從句eg: It seems/happens/appears/turns out/doesn't matter- that 注意：It is ( high ) time that

12、we got down to work.It is the first time that I have come to Beijing.2、 that 連接詞位于句首時(shí)，不能省略。eg： That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.(二)賓語從句1 、 常 見 的 可 接 that 從 句 作 賓 語 的 動(dòng) 詞 有 see ， say ， know ， imagine ，discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider,be sure,be afraid（可省略）。在可以

13、接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞之后，如think ， make， consider 等，可用it 做形式賓語。eg： He has made it clear that he will not give in.eg： We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.2、 that 從句一般不能充當(dāng)介詞賓語，但可作except ， in 等介詞的賓語。其他介詞后需用that 時(shí)，必須用it 作形式賓語。eg： You may depend on it that I shall always help you.（三）表語從句th

14、at 引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，不可省略。eg: My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.（四）同位語從句連詞 that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分，不省略。 應(yīng)在某些有內(nèi)容的名詞之后，如： fact ，hope， desire ， thought ， suggestion ， idea ， news， problem ， possibility 等。eg： There's a feeling in me that we'll never know what a

15、 UFO is not ever.三、 whether/if （是否）（一）在表語從句和同位語從句中只能用whether 不能用 if ；當(dāng)主語從句放于句首時(shí)，也只能用whether不用 if ；當(dāng) it 作形式主語，主語從句放在句末時(shí)用whether 或 if 均可。eg： Whether the meeting will be given is still a problem.eg： It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.eg： The problem is whether the meeting will be given.eg： I h

16、ave no idea whether the meeting will be given.（二）在賓語從句中：介詞后只用whether ，不用 if 。eg： I depends on whether you can do the work well.典型例題（ 1） we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.（ 2） I am not surehe will come here or not.（ 3） This decision will have effect on or not he will succeed.四、特殊疑問

17、詞（一）主語從句特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，常用it 作形式主語。eg： It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.（二）賓語從句1 、能接特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的動(dòng)詞很多，常見的有：see， tell ， ask,answer,know,decide,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,show,discuss,understand,inform,advise等 .eg： I can't imagine how he did it.eg： They couldn't un

18、derstand why I refused it.2、作介詞賓語。eg： It all depends on how we solve the problem.eg： We are worrying about what we should do next.（三）表語從句、同位語從句eg： The problem is where we should stay.eg： My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.五、名詞性關(guān)系從句What是最常用來引導(dǎo)名詞性關(guān)系從句的關(guān)系代詞。what=thethin

19、gswhich/that,whoever=anyonewho,whichever=anyone/anythingthat,whatever=anything that.Where=the place where,when=the time when.（三）表語從句eg： This is where our problem lies.eg： Tomorrow is when it would be most convenient.（四）同位語從句eg： I gave the girl a big doll,exactly what she longed to have.（五）名詞性關(guān)系從句還可作

20、賓語補(bǔ)足語eg: We'll make him whatever he is fit for.eg: I'll call the baby whatever name you like.eg： He has made the company what it is today.六、名詞性從句的幾個(gè)難點(diǎn)（一） wh-ever 與 no matter wh- 的用法區(qū)別，wh-ever 放句首句中，no matter wh- 放句首wh-ever 既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；而no matter wh- 只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。eg： Whatever I said ，

21、he wouldn t listen to me.=No matter what I said， he wouldn t listen tome.eg： He would believe whatever I said.另外，whoever， whatever ， whenever， wherever 中， ever 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，意為“究竟、到底”。（二）as if/as though , because , why 也可弓 I導(dǎo)表語從句。eg： It looked as if it was going to rain.（三）連詞that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句和關(guān)系代詞that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)

22、別1、連詞 that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，應(yīng)放在某些具有內(nèi)容的名詞之后，如fact ， hope， desire ， thought 等，對(duì)前面的名詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。只起引導(dǎo)的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分，因此that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句是完整的。2、關(guān)系代詞that 引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分（主、賓）， that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句時(shí)殘缺的。eg： The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.eg： The news that we heardon the radio was not true.并列句和狀語

23、從句* 并列句1、表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：and, not only but also ，neither nor ，not but 2、表示選擇關(guān)系：常用的并列連接詞有or, either or, otherwise 等。3、表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but， yet ， whereas， while 等。4、說明關(guān)系：so， for 。5、 while “而，卻”表對(duì)比。典型例題（ 1） I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.（ 2） Follow the doctor's advice,your cough will ge

24、t worse.（ 3） He was just going to sleephe heard someone shout“ Fire ！ Fire ！（ 4） She is seriously ill,she doesn't give up hope.（ 5） He is a good teacher,he is very popular with students.（ 6） does he do well in English,but he does well in maths.* 狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句1、 when、 while 、 as1、 when 既可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)動(dòng)作、也

25、可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)短暫動(dòng)作。2、從屬連詞while 引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的, 側(cè)重主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作相對(duì)比。3、連詞as可表示"一邊，（一邊）"或"隨著”。eg： When/While/As I was walking down the steet,I came across an old friend of mine.2、 as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instant,no sooner than ，hardly/scarcelywhen禾口 once （一就一

26、）eg： The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming.eg： No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.eg： The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.注意： I had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.三、till , until , not until

27、1、肯定句：主句動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，意為| “某動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到某時(shí)間點(diǎn)才停止”eg： He remained there until she arrived.eg： You may stay here until the rain stops.2、否定句：主句動(dòng)詞必須是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，意為“某動(dòng)作之道某時(shí)間才開始”。eg： He won't go to bed till/until she returns.3、 till 不可以置于句首，而until 可以。eg： Until you told me I had no idea of it.4、not - until句型中的強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝用

28、法：（ 1） It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.（強(qiáng)調(diào) ）（ 2） Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.（倒裝）典型例題句型轉(zhuǎn)換：I didn't leave until she came back.（1） she came back leave.（2） not until she came back I .四、 before 和 since1、若表達(dá)“還未就一；不到就-；才一；還沒來得及”時(shí)，需用連詞before 。eg： We had sailed

29、 four days and four nights before we saw land.2、 before 從句中謂語不用否定式。eg： Before they reached the station,the train had gone.3、It will be+一段時(shí)間+before多久之后才eg： It will be half a year before I come back.eg: It won't be long before we meet again.4、 since 從句（一般過去時(shí)）的動(dòng)詞一般是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句的動(dòng)詞（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）時(shí)延續(xù)性或反

30、復(fù)發(fā)生的。5、在“It is+ 一段時(shí)間+since 從句”句型。eg： It is three years since the war broke out.五、 every time , each time,next time,the first time,any time,all the time等， 表示 “每當(dāng)一； 每次；下次”等。eg： Every/Each time I was in trouble ， he would come to help me out.eg： Next time you come ， do remember to bring your son here.e

31、g： The last time she saw James,he was lying in bed.地點(diǎn)狀語從句和原因狀語從句一、地點(diǎn)狀語從句1、引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞where， wherever 指具體地點(diǎn)時(shí)。2、注意區(qū)分where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句和狀語從句：You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.二、原因狀語從句1、引導(dǎo)的連詞有：because， as， since

32、， now that ， seeing that ， considering that 。Because 主句前或后直接因果關(guān)系語氣強(qiáng) 能回答 whyAs 主句前或后雙方都知道的原因不能回答whySince/now that 主句前雙方都知道的原因eg：Why are you absent from the meeting? Because I am ill.eg： As it is raining,we shall not go to the park.eg： Now that/Since everybody is here ， let's begin our meeting.2、其

33、他表原因的方式Because of ， thanks to ， due to ， owing to 等。（ for ） He doesn t know about it,for he didn't see the film.目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句一、目的狀語從句連詞有：so that ， in order that ， for fear that ， in case ， lest 等。1、 in order that 與 so thateg： I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.eg： In order that

34、we might see the sunrise,we started for the peak early.2、 for fear that,in case 和 lest從句中動(dòng)詞要用should+ 動(dòng)詞原形，本身帶有否定意義eg： The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.eg： Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.二、結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞：so that ， such thateg： Mike

35、 is such an honest worker that we all believe him.=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.當(dāng) so 或 such 置于句首，主句要用倒裝語序。eg： So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.典型例題句型轉(zhuǎn)換：He is so young that he can't join the army.（ 1） He isto join the army.（

36、2） He is to join the army.（ 3） He is so young join the army.條件狀語從句和方式狀語從句一、條件狀語從句連詞有：if ， unless ， so/as long as ， in case ， on condition that 。eg： You'll fail the exam unless you study hard.eg： As long as you don't loseheart ， you will succeed.eg： In case ther is a fire,what will we do firs

37、t?二、方式狀語從句連詞：as， as if,as thougheg： Do as you are told to,or you'll be fired.eg： The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.eg： I feel as if I have a fever.讓步狀語從句和比較狀語從句讓步狀語從句1、 although/though,even though/even ifeg： He is unhappy,though/although he has a lot of money.eg： Although/tho

38、ugh it was raining hard,yet they went on playing football.eg： Even though/if it is raining,we'll go there.注意： though 作“可是，然而”，句末eg： He said he would come,he didn't,though.2、 as 或 though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句倒裝的情況eg： Child as he is ， he knows a lot.eg： Much as I like it ， I won't buy it,for it's too expensive.3、whether or（不管還是）；疑問詞+ever與no matter+ 疑問詞eg： Whether you believe it or not,it is true.eg： Whatever you say ， he won't believe you.eg： Whoever you are ， you must obey the rules.注意：whoever， what