最新英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法整理之從句

1、精品文檔語(yǔ)法內(nèi)谷 從句一.從句的分類主語(yǔ)從句（謂語(yǔ)之前） This is what he told me last night.表語(yǔ)從句（系動(dòng)詞之后） What he said is true.賓語(yǔ)從句（實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之后） Tell me what he said at the meeting同位語(yǔ)從句名詞之后，與名詞是等同關(guān)系）The news that he will come makesme happy.（解釋 the news）定語(yǔ)從句（修飾名詞或代詞）The newsthat he tole me is true狀語(yǔ)從句（修飾動(dòng)詞）1 .）時(shí)間.I stayed home while h

2、a was away.說(shuō)明呆家的時(shí)間）2 .）地點(diǎn).You shouldput the book where it was.（i 兌明放的位置）3 .原因.He didnt come because he was ill.說(shuō)明沒(méi)來(lái)的原因）4 .）結(jié)果.He ran so fast that I couldri t catch cup him（ffe跑得快導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果）5 .）目的.We left early so that we could catch the first train.儂明我們?cè)绯霭l(fā)的目的）6 .）條件.I will not lend the book to you unless

3、 you return it intme.（說(shuō)明我借書給你的前提條件）7 .） 讓步.（Although he may have told you, I still think she is notto be trusted.（說(shuō)明就算退一步講，我也不信任她）8 .）方式.You should do as I tell you說(shuō)明你要做的方式）9 .） 比較.The room is bigger than that one.修容/國(guó)I詞的比較用法）精品文檔、從句的連接詞（根據(jù)從句類型來(lái)用）1.名詞性從句-主語(yǔ)從句陳述句（that）賓語(yǔ)從句-根據(jù)從句類型般疑問(wèn)句（weather/if）表語(yǔ)從句特

4、殊疑問(wèn)句（what/how/when/同位語(yǔ)-where/why/who.)以賓從為例陳述旬： He said that he could help me.(I can help you)般問(wèn)句 He asked weather/if I could help him.( Can youhelp me?)特殊問(wèn)旬： He asked what I was doing.( What are you doing?He asked how I did it?.( How did you do it?)主語(yǔ)從句的倒裝（it作形式主語(yǔ)）That he is a doctor is true尸 It is

5、 true that he is a docto汗真萬(wàn)確, 他是個(gè)醫(yī)生。Whether she comes or not makes no difference尸 It is no difference whether she comes or not.她來(lái)不來(lái)都沒(méi)關(guān)系。Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.= It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident.還不清楚誰(shuí)對(duì)此事負(fù)責(zé)人。2.岸語(yǔ)從句（根據(jù)先行詞在從句中的成分確.定）主語(yǔ)（人）-who（that可代

6、）賓語(yǔ)（人）-whom（that可省可代）主語(yǔ)（物）-which （that可代）賓語(yǔ)（物）-which （that可省可代）定語(yǔ)（人的）-whose（物的）-whose狀語(yǔ)（修飾動(dòng)詞狀態(tài)）時(shí)間when地點(diǎn)where原因 whyThe children who had been watching started to laugh. 一直在旁觀看的小孩們開(kāi)始 笑了起來(lái)。（人主-who/that）The boy （whom） you saw yesterday is here nowf昨天見(jiàn)至U的那個(gè)男孩現(xiàn)在就在那 兒。（You saw the boy,人賓-whom（that）可省可代）The

7、house whose windows are broken is scary窗戶破了的那所房子彳艮恐怖。（thewindows of the house,物的-whose=of which,定語(yǔ)）I shall never forget the day when I entered the university. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記上大學(xué) 的那一天。This is the factory where I worked three years ago.這就是我三年前工作過(guò)的工廠。（I worked in the factory）He didnt tell me the reasonwhy he w

8、as so sad他沒(méi)有告訴我他那么傷心的原因。（I dont know why he was so sad）(2)限定性和非限定性.(不可用that)從句逗號(hào)，連接詞從句作用限定非有/、口無(wú)可省可代說(shuō)明名詞/代詞非限定口有口尢有一不省不代說(shuō)明名/代詞/句子This is the book which（that） he gave me. （艮定性定從）He gave me a book yesterday, which is useful.（沒(méi)有 which 句子完整，which 不可省也不可用that來(lái)代替)(3) As和 which用于非限定定語(yǔ)從句A As ”正如.”；(位置可前可后)W

9、hich 這.”(因果關(guān)系，位置：主句，which.)He was late again, as could be expected他又遲至U了,正如預(yù)料的那樣。He was late again, which made me angryfe又遲到了，這讓我很生氣。(4)介詞+which/whom (根據(jù)習(xí)慣搭配；上下文意義確定介詞)The company in which I am working is a large one我上班的那個(gè)公司是家大型公司。(I am working in the company. The company is a large one.The person w

10、ith whom you talked is a famous writer. 和你談話的那個(gè)人是一位有 名的作家。(You talked with the person. The person is a famous writer)This is the program of which I was speakings就是我所 t的節(jié) 目。 (I was speaking of the program. This is the program.)（5）定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句（修飾名詞）定從-根據(jù)成分確定關(guān)聯(lián)詞（主賓定狀，人/物）-同位語(yǔ)-與被修飾名詞是等同關(guān)系一根據(jù)從句類型確（陳述；一般、特殊

11、）-對(duì)被修飾名詞進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明The news which he told me made happy.（the news 物主-which）The news that he could come made me happy.（the news=he could come）（6）定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句型-It is /was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（除謂語(yǔ)外）+that +定語(yǔ)從句-It is +名詞/代詞+ that+.It is in this shop that we met yesterday. （去掉 It isthat=We met in this shop yesterday）It is th

12、e shop where we met yesterday.去掉 It isthat 句子不完整）（7）插入語(yǔ)一位置：在關(guān)聯(lián)詞之后一關(guān)聯(lián)詞不變含義變窄They went to the place where they believed they could find food.This is the book which he said is useful for us.3.狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞一逐一記憶1 .）時(shí)間.（1.） when特指過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的某一時(shí)刻（be doing/be about to）T正當(dāng).突然as兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生while一段時(shí)間然而；卻（AB兩者的對(duì)比）He entered

13、 the room when the meeting was going on.（他進(jìn)房間是會(huì)議進(jìn)行的時(shí)英）He sang songs as he was talking a bath面歌和洗澡兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行）I stayed home while he was away.（我彳等在家是在他離開(kāi)的那段時(shí)間）He knew how to answer the question, while I couldnt answe門t.（他矢口道答案與我不（2.）before （一段時(shí)間）之前after 在.之后until直到為止（A.延續(xù).B）not.until直到.才（A.非延續(xù)Tt動(dòng)詞.B, no

14、t放句首，需倒裝）Ill wait until he comes back我會(huì)等到他回來(lái)為止。Not until he told me did I know it.直到他告訴我,我才直到這個(gè)消息。（3）就as soon ashe moment=the minute=the instant- immediatelyonce放旬首須倒裝hardly/barely/scarcely.whenNo soonerthanThe instant the result came out, she told us.結(jié)果一出來(lái)，她就告訴我們。Immediately he came home, I told hi

15、m about it.他一回家，我就把消息告訴他）Jack had hardly seen me when he left the room.(4) any time隨時(shí)；任何時(shí)候each time每次（個(gè)別） every time每次(整體) the day 那一天the year 那一年You can call me any time you want to.你隨時(shí)都可以給我打電話Every time I met him, I found him to be taller.每次我見(jiàn)到他，感覺(jué)他又長(zhǎng)高了2.）地點(diǎn). Where特指Wherever泛指，無(wú)論何處tEverywhere每個(gè)地方A

16、nywhere任何地方Y(jié)ou should put the book where it was.Wherever you go, you must obey the law不論至U何處，都必須守法。Everywhere they went, they were kindly received他們每到之處都受到又好接待。3 .）原因.（因?yàn)椋゜ecause+fi接原因（主句+because不加so）As/since/now that/in that + 間接原因 /seeing/considering thatFor +推測(cè)的根據(jù)（主句，+for）We did not go out becaus

17、e it was raining.我們沒(méi)外出的直接原因是下雨）It is morning, for the birds are singing.（根據(jù)鳥(niǎo)兒的歌唱聲判斷是清晨）4 .）結(jié)果.如此.以至于 so （形容詞/副詞）.thatSuch （名詞）.thatSo that; that; so （放主句之后）He ran so fast that I couldnt catch up him.He gave me such good advice that I finish the task easily.He made a wrong decision, so that half of h

18、is lifetime was wasted.5 .）目的. So that為了（放主句前/后，常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/should/will等連用）In order that 為了Lest; for fear that 害怕;唯恐In case 以防；萬(wàn)一He spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him.Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.I hid the book for fear that she could see it.精品文檔6 .）條件 If如果（強(qiáng)調(diào)兩種可能性）Unless

19、 =ifnot如果.不（唯一條件）Only if只要（放句首要倒裝）If only 但愿； 要是 （用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）If you have a good eating habit, you can stay healthy如果有好的飲食習(xí)慣，就能保 持健康，如果沒(méi)有，就無(wú)法保持）I will not lend the book to you unless you can return it in time.（我可以借書給你、前 提是你要按時(shí)歸還）Only if you study hard will you pass the final-examination.只要你努力學(xué)習(xí), 就能通 過(guò)期末考試

20、。）If only it would stop raining.要是雨停了就好了（還在下雨，表達(dá)一種愿望）As long as只要（后者的前提，說(shuō)話者的愿望）On condition that條件是（強(qiáng)調(diào)前提條件）-Suppose/supposing 假設(shè)Given/provided that 鑒于（條件）I ll lend it to you as 10ng as you take good care of it.I ll buy it on condition that the goods are of good quality.Suppose you had one million do

21、llars, what would you do?7 .）讓步- 盡管 t though （不用 but） although（語(yǔ)氣更重，多用于句首）即使（可能、假設(shè)）F even if- even though無(wú)論 whether.or-精品文檔精品文檔whenever whatever+名詞however+形容詞no matter what（how/where/when）Although he may have told you, I still think she is not to be trusted.盡管她可能告訴 過(guò)你了，我還是覺(jué)得她不可信。I wont hire him though he is quite a capable man.他即便是個(gè)有能力的人，我也不 想雇傭他。Even though I fail, Ill ke