雅思閱讀配對(duì)題需三招破解-

1、 雅思閱讀配對(duì)題需三招破解雅思閱讀考試中的搭配題可謂是10年和11年考試的主角,其頻率之高,難度之大讓很多考生頗為恐慌和頭疼。與此同時(shí),它也成為很多考生得取高分的攔路虎。也可以說(shuō),成功解決掉搭配題,就離成功不遠(yuǎn)了。今天朗閣海外考試研究中心閱讀組的專(zhuān)家要和考生們一起探討的是如何處理有關(guān)人名觀點(diǎn)配對(duì)中,人名多次出現(xiàn)的試題。一、考題要點(diǎn)A. 人名觀點(diǎn)配對(duì)一般考察的是某個(gè)人的言論(statement、觀點(diǎn)(opinion、評(píng)論(comment、發(fā)現(xiàn)(findings or discoveries。這樣,一般這個(gè)題的答案在文中就只有兩個(gè)答案區(qū):1. 人名邊上的引號(hào)里面的內(nèi)容;2. 人名+think/sa

2、y/claim/argue/believe/report/find/discover/insist/admit/report.+that 從句。B. 人名在文中一般以以下方式出現(xiàn):1. 全稱(chēng)(full nameBrian Waldron2. 名(first name,不常見(jiàn)3. 姓(surname如:Professor Smith4. He/she (在同一段話中,該人再次出現(xiàn)時(shí),用指示代詞替代因此,朗閣海外考試研究中心建議考生去文中找人名時(shí),應(yīng)該將上述四種情況均考慮進(jìn)去。再者,應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)記在心的是:如果一個(gè)人名在一段話中出現(xiàn)N次,也只能算一次。如果一個(gè)人名在N段話中出現(xiàn),就算N次。C. 該題的答

3、案遍布于全文。因此應(yīng)該從文章的開(kāi)頭往后依次尋找人名。D. 該題貌似是全篇文章的考察,其實(shí)考察的就是這些人所說(shuō)的幾句話。故,應(yīng)先從文中找人名,再去找答案。二、實(shí)例講解 以劍橋4 P53 的人名觀點(diǎn)配對(duì)題為例。該題共出現(xiàn)五個(gè)人:Robert Barton; Marc Bekoff; John Byers; Sergio Pellis; Stephen Siviy; 其中,Robert Barton; Sergio Pellis; Stephen Siviy僅出現(xiàn)一次。Marc Bekoff在文中出現(xiàn)兩次;John Byers出現(xiàn)了三次。這樣,我們先解決出現(xiàn)一次的人名,然后去處理出現(xiàn)兩次的人名,最后

4、處理出現(xiàn)三次的人名。(一處理出現(xiàn)一次的人名在這三個(gè)出現(xiàn)一次的人名中,Sergio Pellis是在文中第一個(gè)出現(xiàn)的人名,現(xiàn)在以此為例進(jìn)行分析講解。Sergio Pellis 出現(xiàn)在E段的開(kāi)頭:Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general. Comparing measurements for fif

5、teen orders of mammal, he and his team found larger brains (for a given body size are linked to greater playfulness. The converse was also found to be true.我們將第一個(gè)句子進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化:首先將時(shí)間短語(yǔ)刪去,將該人的單位刪去。Sergio Pellis reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size andplayfulness among mammals in g

6、eneral(可刪.這里的positive link是指正相關(guān),或成正比。Size表示尺寸大小,是指腦袋的大小和玩成正比。如果理解不透徹,可繼續(xù)往下讀兩句。而后兩句恰恰是對(duì)positive link的詳細(xì)解釋。由此,回到選項(xiàng)中,進(jìn)行對(duì)應(yīng),唯有:D. There is a tendency for mammals withsmaller brains to play less. (smaller brains 與play less就是對(duì)稱(chēng)正比的詮釋。選項(xiàng)A. There is a link between a specific substance in the brain and playing

7、. 是干擾項(xiàng),因?yàn)檫@里的link between. and .之間的名詞所指不同。注:其余兩個(gè)出現(xiàn)一次的人名可按這種方式依次做題。(二處理出現(xiàn)兩次的人名對(duì)于在兩段中出現(xiàn)的人名,我們可以采用以下方式進(jìn)行解決。首先去看該人名在文中第一次出現(xiàn)的段落,如果這里已經(jīng)給出答案,則第二個(gè)段落就可以拋棄不看。如果第一個(gè)段落沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)答案,則需看第二個(gè)段落。以Marc Bekoff 為例進(jìn)行講解。 Marc Bekoff在文中G 段和H段都分別出現(xiàn)了。因此,先看G段中出現(xiàn)的Marc Bekoff的談話和言論:"People have not paid enough attention to the am

8、ount of the brain activated by play," says Marc Bekoff from Colorado University. "They use behaviour from a lot of different contexts - predation, aggression, reproduction," he says, "Their developing brain is getting all sorts of stimulation." 第一個(gè)引號(hào)中很好理解,也不是考題的題眼。關(guān)鍵在第二個(gè)引號(hào)中的

9、句子,這個(gè)句子的predation, aggression, reproduction對(duì)應(yīng)的是選項(xiàng)G中的a wide range of (各種各樣的 activities. 原文中是指他們使用來(lái)自許多情況(如捕食、進(jìn)攻、和繁殖下的行為,他們發(fā)展的大腦也就獲得了各種各樣的刺激。G. A wide range of activities are combined during play.正是對(duì)這句話的詮釋。(三處理出現(xiàn)三次的人名John Byers 在文中的A段、C段和F段中出現(xiàn)。處理方式雷同于出現(xiàn)兩次的人名。在A 段中John Byers 這么說(shuō):"Even two or three

10、per cent is huge," John Byers of Idaho University. "You just don't find animals wasting energy like that," he adds.這兩句話很簡(jiǎn)單,顯然與選項(xiàng)中無(wú)法對(duì)應(yīng)。則看C段。在C段中,“If the function of play was to get into shape,”says Byers, "the optimum time for playing would depend on when it was most advantageous for the young of a particular species to do so. But it doesn't work that." 這里的get into shape = keep fit保持健康,Optimum = best。大意:“如果玩的功能是保持健康,那么玩的最佳時(shí)間就會(huì)依據(jù)什么時(shí)候?qū)π?dòng)物最有利就什么時(shí)候運(yùn)動(dòng)。但事實(shí)并非如此?！边@里恰好對(duì)應(yīng)的是:選項(xiàng)E. Play is not a form of fitness training for the future. 這里的fitness traini