高考英語(yǔ)完形填空解題思路與技巧(公開(kāi)課)（課堂PPT）

1、1從江一中英語(yǔ)高考從江一中英語(yǔ)高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題課二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題課2018.3.212 contentscontents： 考綱分析2.主要特點(diǎn)3.技巧點(diǎn)撥技巧點(diǎn)撥6.課堂小結(jié)課堂小結(jié)5.真題演練真題演練4.經(jīng)典例解經(jīng)典例解 考綱分析考綱分析2.主要特點(diǎn)主要特點(diǎn)3 考綱分析考綱分析1.高考完形填空詞數(shù)高考完形填空詞數(shù)250左右，選材以記敘文為主，夾敘夾議，設(shè)空左右，選材以記敘文為主，夾敘夾議，設(shè)空20個(gè)，首句不設(shè)空個(gè)，首句不設(shè)空2.文章主題明確，條理清晰，邏輯性強(qiáng)，語(yǔ)言地道，內(nèi)容頗有教育意義，文章主題明確，條理清晰，邏輯性強(qiáng)，語(yǔ)言地道，內(nèi)容頗有教育意義，有助于學(xué)生形成正確的情感態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀有助于學(xué)

2、生形成正確的情感態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀3.做該類題時(shí)間為做該類題時(shí)間為15分鐘，文章難度相當(dāng)于必修教材分鐘，文章難度相當(dāng)于必修教材句內(nèi)層次題：是指空格的答案由空格所在句子決定句內(nèi)層次題：是指空格的答案由空格所在句子決定(容易容易)句組層次題：是指空格的答案與空格相距不遠(yuǎn)的一組句子決定句組層次題：是指空格的答案與空格相距不遠(yuǎn)的一組句子決定(較易較易)語(yǔ)篇層次題：語(yǔ)篇層次題：是指空格的答案與語(yǔ)篇文章的內(nèi)涵決定是指空格的答案與語(yǔ)篇文章的內(nèi)涵決定(較難較難)41.語(yǔ)境為主，語(yǔ)法極少：語(yǔ)境為主，語(yǔ)法極少：2.干擾性強(qiáng)，重細(xì)微辨析干擾性強(qiáng)，重細(xì)微辨析3.實(shí)詞為主，虛詞為輔實(shí)詞為主，虛詞為輔4.縱觀歷年英語(yǔ)高考，會(huì)發(fā)

3、現(xiàn)有些詞和語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)是命題組特別縱觀歷年英語(yǔ)高考，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有些詞和語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)是命題組特別偏愛(ài)的，例：名詞偏愛(ài)的，例：名詞:voice,customer;形容形容詞詞:surprise,impossible;副詞副詞:immediately,successfully;動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞:go,come,annoy,continue等經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中，且多等經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中，且多為正確為正確5.，四個(gè)答案通常各，四個(gè)答案通常各5個(gè)，個(gè)，6.文章中出現(xiàn)的詞在選項(xiàng)中復(fù)現(xiàn)，常為答案文章中出現(xiàn)的詞在選項(xiàng)中復(fù)現(xiàn)，常為答案2.主要特點(diǎn)主要特點(diǎn)5英語(yǔ)完形填空解題步驟英語(yǔ)完形填空解題步驟n速覽全文，把握大意。速覽全文，把握大意。n細(xì)

4、讀首句，摸清文路。細(xì)讀首句，摸清文路。n瞻前顧后，準(zhǔn)確選擇。瞻前顧后，準(zhǔn)確選擇。n復(fù)核全文，調(diào)整答案。復(fù)核全文，調(diào)整答案。做完形填空必須讀懂文章，前后邏輯一致；完形填空做完形填空必須讀懂文章，前后邏輯一致；完形填空每個(gè)小題的正確答案都是有充分根據(jù)的，可以在文章每個(gè)小題的正確答案都是有充分根據(jù)的，可以在文章匯總找到具體的突破口也就是匯總找到具體的突破口也就是信息點(diǎn)信息點(diǎn)。解題時(shí)應(yīng)聯(lián)系。解題時(shí)應(yīng)聯(lián)系上下文尋找相關(guān)線索，如某一個(gè)詞的原詞、指代詞、上下文尋找相關(guān)線索，如某一個(gè)詞的原詞、指代詞、同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下義詞和概括詞等。同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下義詞和概括詞等。2mins10mins2m

5、ins1mins63.技巧點(diǎn)撥技巧點(diǎn)撥1.首尾句進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)首尾句進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)2.語(yǔ)法分析語(yǔ)法分析3.固定搭配固定搭配4.固定句型固定句型5.復(fù)現(xiàn)信息復(fù)現(xiàn)信息6.排除法排除法 7.上下文邏輯關(guān)系上下文邏輯關(guān)系8.背景常識(shí)背景常識(shí)9.對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)10.平行結(jié)構(gòu)平行結(jié)構(gòu)同時(shí)多關(guān)注熟詞新義同時(shí)多關(guān)注熟詞新義(已印發(fā)已印發(fā))71.跳讀首尾句進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)跳讀首尾句進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)一般來(lái)講，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳讀這兩句，便可判斷體裁，猜想它要講什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what，即四個(gè)W，那么就是記敘文，很可能就是一個(gè)故事；若首句是提出或解釋說(shuō)明某事物，一般來(lái)說(shuō)是說(shuō)明文；

6、若首句提出一個(gè)論點(diǎn)，那么就是議論文。首句往往開(kāi)宗明義，是文章的主題。細(xì)讀首句可啟示全文。而尾句又往往是對(duì)文章主題的總結(jié)。所以，它們是了解文章大意的一個(gè)窗口，對(duì)我們理解全文有著重要的啟示作用。Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist (打擊樂(lè)器獨(dú)奏演員) in spite of her disability.本文主要講述的是蘇格蘭第一位女打擊樂(lè)器獨(dú)奏演員Evelyn Glenn

7、ie在耳聾的情況下成功學(xué)習(xí)打擊樂(lè)器的經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)首句給出的信息，下面我們可以猜想Evelyn Glennie學(xué)習(xí)打擊樂(lè)器過(guò)程必然充滿困難，而能夠在耳聾的情況下學(xué)習(xí)打擊樂(lè)器，Evelyn Glennie對(duì)音樂(lè)肯定也是充滿熱情的。4.經(jīng)典例解經(jīng)典例解8_do you suppose he asked for them? A. What B. How C. Who D. Which 演練：_ I had been born in the 16th century, I would have had no job. A. Because B. While C. If D. Since 2.語(yǔ)法分析語(yǔ)法分

8、析【解析】本題中，do you suppose為插入成分。he asked for them是一個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立和完整的句子，因此空格處應(yīng)該用副詞How來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞asked，而不能用代詞What, Who或 Which。【解析】根據(jù)后面的I had been born in the 16th century可知這只是個(gè)假設(shè)，是一個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件句。故前面要用if引導(dǎo)BC9They couldt read or write. They didnt like to work and they never _ baths. A. took B. washed C. ran D. covered 演練：

9、I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was useless and when I was 14 .He said, “Youre never going to be _ but a failure.” A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 3.固定搭配固定搭配【解析】本題考查的是固定搭配take a bath，意為“洗澡”。 【解析】本題考查習(xí)語(yǔ)anything but，意為“決不”“根本不”，即校長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為我肯定是一個(gè)失敗的人。AA10 I havent had a

10、phone in the house for three weeks now, and its several days _ I used a phone box. A. as B. when C. if D. since 演練：It wasnt long _the police caught the thief. A. after B. when C. before D. until 4.固定句型固定句型【解析】本題考查的是itssince句型，意為“自從已(多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了)”。這句話的意思是“自從我上次打投幣電話已經(jīng)有好幾天了”。【解析】It wasnt long before是常用句型，意為

11、“不久就”。這里說(shuō)的是不久警察就把小偷捉到了。 DC115.復(fù)現(xiàn)信息復(fù)現(xiàn)信息 I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasnt empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new _, dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. co

12、mpanion 【分析】名詞同現(xiàn)，空格前出現(xiàn)了room, furniture, curtains, a TV等同現(xiàn)信息可知坐在鋪好的床上的是“我”的室友。A演練：First of all, I respected his _ to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered, students crowded into his classroom.A.attention B. introduction C. relation D. Devotion 12He put the boo

13、ks into the return box. And after a brief _ in the toilet, he would be on his way to the playground to meet Eric. A. rest B. break C. walk D. stop 6.排除法排除法 【解析】此題答案為D。人不可能在廁所里休息（rest, break）或是散步（walk），由此排除另外三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。 演練：the woman looked carefully at me _ through her glasses, and then questioned me in a

14、low voice. A.as usual B. for a while C. in a minute D. once again137.上下文邏輯關(guān)系上下文邏輯關(guān)系充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對(duì)選擇充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對(duì)選擇有提示作用的詞或句，有提示作用的詞或句，答題。答題。 Mrs. Black would ask me for my _. She wanted to know how I thought we should _things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I know_ about stage

15、 design!2.A.opinion B. impression C. information D. intention4.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything AhandleC148.背景常識(shí)背景常識(shí) After _ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back. A. Growing B. putting C. planting D. laying

16、演練：Salina Joe began to _ when she was one-year old. A. say B. Cry C. Sing D. talk 【解析】根據(jù)常識(shí)，南極地區(qū)冰雪覆蓋，須費(fèi)好大的勁將旗插進(jìn)極地，plant在這里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案為C 【解析】根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷，嬰兒在一歲的時(shí)候應(yīng)該是開(kāi)始學(xué)說(shuō)話，而不是學(xué)哭或?qū)W唱歌，故答案只能在A、D之間選出。又因?yàn)閟ay是及物動(dòng)詞，其后面需接賓語(yǔ)，而talk是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后不需要接賓語(yǔ)，故正確答案為D。159.對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu) A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and

17、_room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. A. furnished B. expensive C. Comfortable D. suitable 【分析】本題利用相似短語(yǔ)之間的對(duì)比關(guān)系來(lái)命題。設(shè)空部分與下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在對(duì)比關(guān)系。作者想借此說(shuō)明“相同的作業(yè)”對(duì)于“不同家庭背景的學(xué)生”所表現(xiàn)出的事實(shí)上的不公平。答案為C。1610.

18、平行結(jié)構(gòu)平行結(jié)構(gòu)Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is_for children to work at home in their free time. _, they argue that most teachers do not_ plan the homework tasks they give to pupils. 51. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. unfortunate D. unimportant52. A

19、. Nevertheless B. however C. Therefore D. Moreover 53. A. considerably B. favorably C. properly D. pleasantly 【解析】排比結(jié)構(gòu)由Many people think that.They say that.they argue that.所組成。在意義上表現(xiàn)了人們（學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)）對(duì)學(xué)生課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重的抱怨。該結(jié)構(gòu)中所設(shè)置的三個(gè)空格的正確填入，要求考生首先把握結(jié)構(gòu)所體現(xiàn)的“主題” 抱怨作業(yè)太多。其次，要求考生理解三句之間在表達(dá)意義上的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。即：作業(yè)過(guò)多“too much homework”；所

20、以，課余學(xué)生在家做作業(yè)是沒(méi)必要的“unnecessary”；不僅如此，教師對(duì)作業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)也不合適“not properly”。故答案分別為A、D、C。1711.熟詞新義1.三維設(shè)計(jì)(63頁(yè))I had been picked to be the princess in the school play ,and for weeks my mother had practiced my _with me . A. Points B. films C. lines D. actions2.三維設(shè)計(jì)(75頁(yè))At 18 she married and _a family.A. invented B. s

21、elected C. offered D. started3.三維設(shè)計(jì)(81頁(yè))All that _to him was to accomplish the task of activity at hand to the best of his ability, feeling the experience of running fully and freely. A. Happened B. cared C. mattered D. related三維設(shè)計(jì)(140頁(yè))4.She told him to bring their bson and her _set of car keys, be

22、cause her keys were in the stolen purse. A. own B. other C. rest D. spare5.三維設(shè)計(jì)(158頁(yè)) If a mother is the cement that holds a family together, then the father is _that strengthens that cementA. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing (臺(tái)詞) (組建，創(chuàng)建）(要緊的，重要的）(備用的）(重要人物）185.真題演練真題演練191) It has been

23、 many years since I was last in London, I still remember something that happened during that visit. A. and B. for C. but D. as 2) If he did not know them, he would greet them with a few words about the weather,_ he did, he would ask about their familyand then B. and so C. even if D but ifIf he didhe

24、 wouldhe did he wouldstill201) With her slow and clumsy reactions, she would surely _ her team. hold on B. hold out C. hold over D. hold up2) My _ raced back more than thirty years to the dark days of 1941. A. minds B. memories C. thoughts D. brains 堅(jiān)持；不掛斷伸出拖延阻礙slow and clumsy reactionsraced back 頭腦

25、；智力記憶思想；想法大腦；頭腦21完形填空三忌：完形填空三忌：n忌不看首句，直奔空格處作答。忌不看首句，直奔空格處作答。n忌當(dāng)做語(yǔ)法填空來(lái)做。忌當(dāng)做語(yǔ)法填空來(lái)做。完形填空很多選項(xiàng)完形填空很多選項(xiàng)必須根據(jù)上下文才能選出，不是孤立的看必須根據(jù)上下文才能選出，不是孤立的看本句話。本句話。n忌先入為主，一氣呵成。忌先入為主，一氣呵成。做題時(shí)先填把握做題時(shí)先填把握的空格，對(duì)不是很有把握的先放一放，在的空格，對(duì)不是很有把握的先放一放，在后文的到答案或在做完全文后回頭看才會(huì)后文的到答案或在做完全文后回頭看才會(huì)獲得答案。獲得答案。6.課堂小結(jié)課堂小結(jié)2223Home work: finish the cloz

26、e test on the exercise paper.24（2015年全國(guó)II卷）In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 1 course about 20 years ago. The professor 2 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆),

27、 and invited the students to 3 how many beans the jar contained. After 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses,the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 5 answer, and went on saying, “You have just 6 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 7 your own senses.” Twenty years later, the 8

28、 could guess what the professor had in mind. He 9 himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 10 into an unknowns world invisible（無(wú)形的）to the 11 , which can be discovered only through scientific 12 . But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 13 the invitation. She w

29、as just 14 to understand the world .And she 15 that her firsthand experience could be the 16 . The professor, however, said that it was 17 . He was taking away her only 18 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute（替代）. “I remember feeling small and 19 .” The woman says, “and I did the only thing