網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信協(xié)議

1、234567應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層表示層表示層會(huì)話層會(huì)話層傳輸層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層物理層OSI參考模型參考模型8應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層7-6接口接口表示層表示層6-5接口接口會(huì)話層會(huì)話層5-4接口接口傳輸層傳輸層4-3接口接口網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層3-2接口接口數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層2-1接口接口物理層物理層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層物理層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層物理層應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層7-6接口接口表示層表示層6-5接口接口會(huì)話層會(huì)話層5-4接口接口傳輸層傳輸層4-3接口接口網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層3-2接口接口數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層2-1接口接口物理層物理層物理通信物理通信設(shè)備設(shè)備A設(shè)備設(shè)

2、備B中間結(jié)點(diǎn)中間結(jié)點(diǎn)中間結(jié)點(diǎn)中間結(jié)點(diǎn)9L7數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)FTPDNSNFS用戶用戶應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層到表示層到表示層L7數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)FTPDNSNFS用戶用戶應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層從表示層從表示層10L6數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的編碼、加密和壓縮數(shù)據(jù)的編碼、加密和壓縮H6L7數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)從應(yīng)用層從應(yīng)用層到會(huì)話層到會(huì)話層表示層表示層L6數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的解碼、解密和解壓縮數(shù)據(jù)的解碼、解密和解壓縮H6L7數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)到應(yīng)用層到應(yīng)用層從會(huì)話層從會(huì)話層表示層表示層11L6數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)H5L5數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)到傳輸層到傳輸層從傳輸層從傳輸層從表示層從表示層到表示層到表示層會(huì)話層會(huì)話層L6數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)H5L5數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)話層會(huì)話層12 到網(wǎng)絡(luò)層到網(wǎng)絡(luò)層 從網(wǎng)絡(luò)層從網(wǎng)絡(luò)層H

3、4L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L5數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L5數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù) 從會(huì)話層從會(huì)話層 到會(huì)話層到會(huì)話層傳輸層傳輸層傳輸層傳輸層H4H4H4H4H413L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù) L3數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L3數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)H3H3到數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層到數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層從傳輸層從傳輸層到傳輸層到傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層分組分組從數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層從數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層分組分組14L3數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L3數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù) L2數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L2數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)H2H2T2T2到物理層到物理層從物理層從物理層從網(wǎng)絡(luò)層從網(wǎng)絡(luò)層到網(wǎng)絡(luò)層到網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層路層幀幀幀幀15L2數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)10010110101物理層物理層L2數(shù)據(jù)

4、數(shù)據(jù)10010110101物理層物理層從數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層從數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層到數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層到數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層傳輸媒體傳輸媒體16為應(yīng)用程序提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)為應(yīng)用程序提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)表示數(shù)據(jù)表示互連主機(jī)通信互連主機(jī)通信端到端連接端到端連接確定地址和最佳路徑確定地址和最佳路徑介質(zhì)訪問介質(zhì)訪問二進(jìn)制傳輸二進(jìn)制傳輸應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層表示層表示層會(huì)話層會(huì)話層傳輸層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層物理層765432117L7數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L7數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)H6L6數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)H5L5數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)H4L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)H3L3數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)T2H201010101011111100101010傳輸媒體傳輸媒體L7數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L7數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)H6L6數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)H5L5數(shù)

5、據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)H4L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)H3L3數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)T2H201010101011111100101010181920應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層傳輸層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口層網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口層Telnet、Ftp、Smtp等等TCP和和UDPIP、ICMP和和IGMP接口卡及設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)接口卡及設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)21222324252627280153120字節(jié)字節(jié)16注：字段后面括號中的數(shù)字是指該字段在注：字段后面括號中的數(shù)字是指該字段在IP數(shù)據(jù)包頭部信息中所占的位（數(shù)據(jù)包頭部信息中所占的位（bit）數(shù)。）數(shù)。29RARP32位位IP地址地址ARP48位以太網(wǎng)地址位以太網(wǎng)地址3024 位位24 位位0000.0c12. 3456廠家代碼

6、廠家代碼序列號序列號ROMRAMMAC 地址固化在網(wǎng)卡的地址固化在網(wǎng)卡的 ROM 中中31iMap IP EthernetIP: Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP: = ?我收到了這個(gè)廣播信我收到了這個(gè)廣播信息，我的息，我的MAC地址是地址是0800.0020.1111 我想知道我想知道IP地址為地址為 的的MAC地址是什么？地址是什么？32Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111IP: 5Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 I

7、P = ?我的我的 IP地地址是什么址是什么?我收到了你我收到了你的廣播，你的廣播，你的的IP地址是地址是 5.iMap Ethernet IP333435360153120字節(jié)字節(jié)16注：字段后面括號中的數(shù)字是指該字段在注：字段后面括號中的數(shù)字是指該字段在TCP頭部信息中所占的位（頭部信息中所占的位（bit）數(shù)。）數(shù)。03738394041420153116注：字段后面括號中的數(shù)字是指該字段在注：字段后面括號中的數(shù)字是指該字段在UDP頭部信息中所占的位（頭部信息中所占的位（bit）數(shù)。）數(shù)。4344TCP 端口號端口號FTP傳輸層傳輸層TELNETDNSSNMPTFTPS

8、MTPUDP應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層21232553691614546用戶應(yīng)用程用戶應(yīng)用程序接口序接口服務(wù)器協(xié)服務(wù)器協(xié)議接口議接口用戶協(xié)議用戶協(xié)議解釋器解釋器用戶數(shù)據(jù)傳用戶數(shù)據(jù)傳輸功能輸功能用戶數(shù)據(jù)傳用戶數(shù)據(jù)傳輸功能輸功能控制連接控制連接數(shù)據(jù)連接數(shù)據(jù)連接（FTP命令、應(yīng)答）命令、應(yīng)答）文件系統(tǒng)文件系統(tǒng)文件系統(tǒng)文件系統(tǒng)終端用戶終端用戶客戶機(jī)客戶機(jī)服務(wù)器服務(wù)器47Telnet客戶機(jī)客戶機(jī)進(jìn)程進(jìn)程偽終端驅(qū)動(dòng)偽終端驅(qū)動(dòng)終端驅(qū)動(dòng)終端驅(qū)動(dòng)TCP/IPTelnet服務(wù)器服務(wù)器進(jìn)程進(jìn)程TCP連接連接終端用戶終端用戶登錄登錄ShellTCP/IP內(nèi)核內(nèi)核內(nèi)核內(nèi)核48報(bào)文傳送報(bào)文傳送代理代理用戶代理用戶代理發(fā)送方用戶發(fā)送方用戶接收方用戶接收方用戶用戶代理用戶代理報(bào)文傳送報(bào)文傳送代理代理用戶郵箱用戶郵箱要發(fā)送郵要發(fā)送郵件的隊(duì)列件的隊(duì)列客戶客戶服務(wù)器服務(wù)器TCP連接連接TCP端口端口2525495051525354555657585960