初中英語(yǔ)句子成分講解

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初中英語(yǔ)句子成分一. 句子的成分：句子的成分是指組成句子的各個(gè)部分，即：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)）、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。主要成分：主語(yǔ) 和 謂語(yǔ)句子的成分次要成分：表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ) 等(一) 主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子的主要成分，也是句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首，Subject 表示句子所說(shuō)的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等充當(dāng)。注意：在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不是疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。例如：Tom is a good boy.

2、 (名詞) We often speak English in class. (代詞) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (數(shù)詞) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (動(dòng)名詞) The rich should help the poor. (名詞化形容詞) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主語(yǔ)從句) It

3、 is necessary to master a foreign language.(it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式)（二）謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”、Predicate “是什么”或“怎么樣”，一般由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：1. 簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。例如：I like apples. ( 動(dòng)詞 )He practices running every morning. （動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）2. 復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形）構(gòu)成；例如：You may

4、keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由（系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)）構(gòu)成。 We are having a quick breakfast.（三） 表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、身份、特征和狀態(tài)等，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”Predicative 或“怎么樣”。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及從句充當(dāng)。它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, keep, remain, become, get. grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等）之后。表語(yǔ)須

5、和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，即成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 如： My mother is a doctor. (名詞) Is it yours? (代詞) The weather has turned cold. （形容詞） The speech is exciting. （現(xiàn)在分詞） The door is closed. （過去分詞） Three times seven is twenty one. （數(shù)詞） His job is to teach English. （不定式） His hobby is playing football. （動(dòng)名詞） The machine must be out

6、 of order.（介詞短語(yǔ)） Time is up. The class is over. (副詞) The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表語(yǔ)從句）（四） 賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面,和及物Object 動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”，由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式和賓語(yǔ)從句。如： They went to see an exhibition yesterday. （名詞） The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. （代

7、詞） How many dictionaries do you have? I have three. （數(shù)詞） They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名詞化形容詞） He pretended not to see me. （不定式） I enjoy listening to popular music. （動(dòng)名詞） I think (that) he is fit for this job. （賓語(yǔ)從句）賓語(yǔ)種類：< 1 > 雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：Lend me your dictionary, p

8、lease. =Lend your dictionary to me, please.間賓 直賓 直賓 間賓 有的動(dòng)詞后面可接雙賓語(yǔ)，包括常用來(lái)指人的間接賓語(yǔ)和常用來(lái)指物的直接賓語(yǔ) 可帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有bring, give, show, send, pass, tell, lend, offer, buy, make, do等。“七 給” 一 “帶” to不少, “ 買 ” 畫 “ 制作” for來(lái)了。帶雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞,如果把直接賓語(yǔ)置于間接賓語(yǔ)之前,必須在變換時(shí)加“to”或“for”。這11個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞可以概括如下：1、“七給”(give, pass, lend, write, show,

9、send, hand)和“帶”(bring) 8個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí),必須在后面加上“to”。即“ vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如：He lent some money to me. 類似動(dòng)詞的還有：get, mail, offer,pay, promise, read, sell, take, teach等2、“buy” (買) ；“draw” (畫) ；“make” (制作) 三個(gè)動(dòng)詞,在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí),則必須在后邊加“for”,構(gòu)成 “vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。如：Mother bought a new dress for me。類似的動(dòng)詞

10、還有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix, leave, order等。3、當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)for和to于直接賓語(yǔ)之后如：Richard made it for him。理查德為他做的這個(gè)東西Give it to me。把它給我4、有些動(dòng)詞后可單獨(dú)用直接賓語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)或雙賓語(yǔ)，如ask, teach, tell, owe, pay.I asked John. 我問約翰I asked a question. 我問了一個(gè)問題I asked John a question.我問了約翰一個(gè)問題< 2 >復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)），例如

11、：They elected him their monitor. 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（五）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)或身份，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可由名詞、Object Complement形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。并與賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子成分，叫做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make, let, see, find, name等）或介詞（如with）+ 賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ)。例如： His father named him Dong Ming. (名詞) T

12、hey painted their boat white. (形容詞) Let the fresh air in. （副詞） I ask him to go home now. (不定式) We saw her entering the room. （現(xiàn)在分詞） He found the door locked. （過去分詞） We found everything in the lab in good order. （介詞短語(yǔ)） We will soon make our city what your city is now. (從句)（六） 定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。定

13、語(yǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、Attributive 代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、分詞等來(lái)充當(dāng)。 Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容詞） China is a developing country. （現(xiàn)在分詞） America is a developed country. （過去分詞） There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名詞） His maths is very good. （形容詞性物主代詞） I am the last person to leave the classroom. （不定式） The

14、 teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （動(dòng)名詞） He is reading an article about how to learn German. （介詞短語(yǔ)）（七）狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、Adverbial 地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等。一般由副詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、從句或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞組或短語(yǔ)等來(lái)充當(dāng)。如： Light travels most quickly. (副詞性詞組) He has lived in the city for ten years. （介詞短語(yǔ)） He is

15、 proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. (不定式) He is in the room making a model plane. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)) Wait a minute. （名詞） Once you begin, you must continue. （狀語(yǔ)從句） 狀語(yǔ)種類：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)、目的狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、讓步狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)、比較狀語(yǔ)等。如： How about meeting again at six? （時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)） Last night he didnt

16、go to the dance party because of the rain. （原因狀語(yǔ)） I shall go there if it doesnt rain. （條件狀語(yǔ)從句） Mr. Smith lived on the third floor. （地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)） She put the eggs into the basket with great care. （方式狀語(yǔ)） She came in with a book in her hand. （伴隨狀語(yǔ)） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的狀語(yǔ)） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. （結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句） She work