講義——謂語動詞的形式

1、高一第一學(xué)期講義7本節(jié)課重點：1. 準(zhǔn)確判斷句中謂語動詞的形式2. 綜合題型練習(xí)Part 1 時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和謂語動詞形式總結(jié)一、不同時態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(1) 主語 + do/does + 其他。(2) 主語 + be動詞 (am/is/are) + 其他。(3) 主語 + 情態(tài)動詞 (can/may/must/should / ought to) + do (動詞原形) + 其他。2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時主語 + be動詞 (am/is/are) + doing (現(xiàn)在分詞) + 其他。3. 一般將來時主語 + will/shall / be going to + do (動詞原形) + 其他。4

2、. 將來進(jìn)行時主語 + will be doing + 其他。5. 一般過去時(1) 主語 + did (過去式) + 其他。(2) 主語 + be動詞(was/were) + 其他。(3) 主語 + 情態(tài)動詞 (could/might/must/should / ought to) + do (動詞原形) + 其他。6. 過去進(jìn)行時主語 + be動詞 (was/were) + doing (現(xiàn)在分詞) + 其他。7. 現(xiàn)在完成時主語 + 助動詞have/has + done (過去分詞) + 其他。8. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時主語 + 助動詞have/has + been + doing (現(xiàn)在分詞

3、) + 其他。9. 過去完成時主語 + 助動詞had + done (過去分詞) + 其他。10. 將來完成時主語 + will have done + 其他。二、被動語態(tài)及其用法【一】概念及構(gòu)成1. 概念 當(dāng)句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時，謂語的形式就稱為動詞的主動語態(tài)；而當(dāng)句子的主語是動作的承受者時，謂語的形式就稱為動詞的被動語態(tài)。 被動語態(tài)需要注意以下兩點：時態(tài)和結(jié)構(gòu)2. 不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be + 及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。(1) 一般現(xiàn)在/過去時的被動語態(tài)：am/is/are + done (一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài))

4、was/were + done (一般過去時的被動語態(tài))(2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)：先考慮時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are + doing再考慮語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：be + done am/is/are + being + done(3) 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：先考慮時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done再考慮語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：be + done have/has + been + done(4) 含有情態(tài)動詞/助動詞的被動語態(tài)：先考慮時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動詞/will/be going to + do再考慮語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：be + done 情態(tài)動詞/will/be going to + be + done【二】學(xué)習(xí)被動

5、語態(tài)時需要注意以下考點?？键c一：表示發(fā)生的詞不能用于被動語態(tài)come true，consist of，take place，happen，belong，break out，例如：Great changes have taken place in my hometown.A big earthquake has happened in Chile this year.考點二：下列動詞的主動語態(tài)表示被動意義，而且常與well, easily等副詞連用。這些動詞有wash，sell，write等，例如：The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷?？键c三：連系動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)，常見的有

6、表示感官的連系動詞（taste，smell，look，feel，sound）和表示變化的連系動詞（become，turn，get，go，grow），例如：The coat feels soft.三、謂語動詞形式總結(jié) 句子的時態(tài)體現(xiàn)在謂語動詞的不同形式，綜合分析不同時態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)可以得出謂語動詞的形式主要有以下幾類：1. 動詞原形：do2. 動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式：does3. 動詞的過去式：did4. be動詞：am/is/are；was/were5. 含情態(tài)動詞的謂語形式：can/may/must/should / ought to + do could/might/must/should /

7、ought to + do6. 完成時態(tài)中的謂語形式：have/has/had + done have/has + been + doing will have done7. 被動語態(tài)中的謂語形式：am/is/are + done；was/were + done am/is/are + being + done；was/were + being + done have/has/had + been + donePart 2 S1A能力提升練習(xí)7II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages be

8、low, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A) Last August Susan and forty-two other students got wet and di

9、rty while removing six tons of garbage (25) _ the river running across their city. (26) _ cleaned up the river as part of a weeklong environmental camp. Like one in three American rivers, this river is so polluted that its unsafe for swimming or fishing. Still, Susan, (27) _ has just completed her t

10、hird summer camp on the river cleanup, sees a change in this river. “Since we started three years ago, the river is getting a lot (28) _ (clean),” she says. Environmental scientists praise the teenagers for removing garbage (29) _ can harm wild life. Water birds, for example, can die of plastic bott

11、le rings and get cut by tiny metals. Three years ago, when the cleanup started, garbage was everywhere. But this year the teenagers can row their boats fast. By the end of the six-hour cleanup, they (30) _ (remove) enough garbage to fill more than two large trucks. “(31) _ (see) all that garbage in

12、the river makes people begin to care about environmental issues,” Susan says. She hopes that when others read that, she and her peers care enough (32) _ (clean) it up, maybe they would think twice before they throw garbage into the river.(B) Dave Fuss lost his job (33) _ (drive) a truck for a small

13、company in west Michigan. His wife, Gerrie, was still working in the local school cafeteria, and the price of everything was rising. The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years. Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift - $7,000, a legacy

14、(遺產(chǎn)) from their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch, who died in (34) _ accident. “It really made a difference (35) _ we were going under financially.” says Dave. But the Fusses werent the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected legacy from the Hatches. Dozens of other

15、 families (36) _ (touch) by the Hatches generosity. In some cases, it was a few thousand dollars; in others, it was more than $100,000. It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than $ 3 million they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on (37) _ was left of t

16、he family farm. (38) _ _ the financial crisis, Ish and Arlene developed the habit of saving. They were fond of comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store, (39) _ (check) prices before making a new purchase. Through the years, the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer c

17、amp when their parents (40) _ not afford it. “Ish and Arlene never asked whether you needed anything,” says their friend Sand Van Weelden, “They could see the things they could do to make you happier, and they would do them.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in t

18、he box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. cultivationB. farmedC. constantD. machineryE. plungedF. lightningG. envyH. preciousI. uncomfortableJ. aircraftK. consequence Modern inventions have speeded up peoples loves amazingly. Motor-cars cover a hundre

19、d miles in little more than an hour, _41_ cross the world inside a day, while computers operate at _42_ speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boasts of saving _43_ seconds in handling tasks. All this saves

20、time, but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the _44_ feeling known as jet-lag; our bodies feel that they have been left behind on another time zone. Again, spending too long at computers results in painful wrists an

21、d fingers. Mobile phones also have their dangers, according to some scientists; too much use may send harmful radiation into our brains, a _45_ we do not like to think about. However, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed to _46_ activit

22、ies that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world. There was a time when some peoples lives were devoted simply to the _47_ of the l

23、and or the care of cattle. No multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might _48_ a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestor faced: they _49_ with bare hands, often lived close to

24、 hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modern _50_ has freed people from that primitive (原始的) existence.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phr

25、ase that best fits the context. Its believed that intelligent people are better at learning languages. Most language learning skills, _51_, are habits, which can be formed through a bit of discipline and self-awareness. But, some of them are not good enough. Here are the three most common _52_ langu

26、age learners make and how to correct them. Not listening enough Theres a school of language-teaching experts that believe language learning _53_ a “silent period”. Just as babies learn to produce language by hearing and parroting sounds, language learners need to practise listening in order to learn

27、. This can develop learned vocabulary and structures, and help learners see patterns in language. Listening is the communicative skill we use most in daily life, but it can be _54_ to practise unless you live in a foreign country or attend language classes. The solution? Find music, podcasts, TV sho

28、ws and movies in the _55_ language, and listen, listen, listen, as often as possible. A single method Some learners are most comfortable with the listen-and-repeat drills of a language lab. Some need a grammar textbook to _56_ a foreign tongue. Each of these approaches is fine, but its a mistake to

29、rely on only one. Language learners who use _57_ methods get to practise different skills and see concepts explained in different ways. Whats more, the _58_ can keep them from working in a situation that never changes. When choosing a class, learners should seek a course that _59_ the four language

30、skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking). For self-study, try a _60_ of textbooks, audio lessons, and language learning apps. _61_ It doesnt matter how well a person can write in foreign script, or finish a vocabulary test. To learn, improve, and truly use our language, we need to speak. Th

31、is is the stage when language students should calm down, and feelings of _62_ or insecurity hinder (阻礙) all their hard work. In Eastern cultures where saving face is a strong social value, EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. Theyre

32、too _63_ making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would _64_ them. The key is that those mistakes help language learners by showing them the limits of language, and correcting errors _65_ they become deep-rooted. The more learners speak and practise, the more quickly they

33、 improve.51. A. howeverB. moreoverC. furthermoreD. therefore52. A. successesB. wondersC. mistakesD. contributions53. A. picks upB. begins withC. takes upD. meets with54. A. efficientB. difficultC. easyD. ideal55. A. nationalB. officialC. signD. target56. A. make sense ofB. make use ofC. make profit

34、ofD. make fun of57. A. commonB. educationalC. permanentD. multiple58. A. varietyB. changeC. improvementD. alternative59. A. postponesB. lacksC. assessesD. practises60. A. selectionB. preferenceC. combinationD. replacement61. A. ComplaintsB. FearC. SecureD. Diligence62. A. humorB. shynessC. achieveme

35、ntsD. laughter63. A. confident inB. comfortable withC. keen onD. afraid of64. A. amuseB. informC. remindD. embarrass65. A. ifB. beforeC. in caseD. so thatSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them t

36、here are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Miscioscio, 60, a marketing consultant in Pearl River, N.Y., says shes addicted to her Sony e-reader. She buys or borrows a print book only when its not a

37、vailable digitally. Miscioscio says most of her friends and relatives have also switched to e-books for the convenience and lower prices. Last winter, she notes, she vacationed in Costa Rica and says “at least 75% of those reading were reading electronically. I was shocked to see people taking their

38、 e-readers onto the loungers (躺椅) in the pool.”Meier, 43, a marketing director in Beaver Falls, prefers her books on paper, not screens. After working on a computer all day, she says, “I want a book in my hand. Turning over its pages is my way of knowing its time to relax and slow down.” Meier, whos

39、 sticking with physical books, doesnt consider herself any kind of digital “resister.” “Im comfortable with all forms of technology,” she says. “However, when it comes to books, I suppose Im a traditionalist. My preference will always be the real thing.”To her, part of the joy of reading is the book

40、 itself: “pulling it from the shelf, inspecting the cover, letting it fall open to a random page.”Both have lots of company. Statistics show that e-book sales grew 43% last year, but thats a slowdown compared with the triple-digit increases in recent years. E-books remain the fastest-growing part of

41、 the book market but account for only about 20% of all sales, reported by publishers.Miscioscio and Meier are at opposite ends of a book business in transition. Even though e-book sales have grown more than 4,000% since 2008, its unlikely that physical books will disappear the way records did in the

42、 music industry.66. Miscioscio will _ when a book is not available digitally.A. buy the book on paperB. switch to the book of lower priceC. take an e-reader onto the loungersD. give up reading such kind of books67. According to Meier, her “preference” refers to _.A. an e-bookB. part of joyC. a rando

43、m pageD. a physical book68. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Records are unlikely to disappear in the music industry.B. Miscioscio and Meier are two opponents in book business.C. Physical books will remain to be accepted to some people.D. The market share of e-books is bigger than that o

44、f paper books.69. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. E-books will dominate the book industry eventually.B. Readers go their own way in choosing books.C. New technology brings more benefits for readers.D. Physical books will disappear gradually in the future.(B)Welcome you toGRAND CANYON WE

45、STwith Meal25/12/2013NON REFUNDABLE ALL SALES ARE FINAL Grand Canyon West (GCW) (美國西部大峽谷) is owned by the Hualapai Tribe (Tribe) and operated by Hwal Bay Baj Enterprises, Inc, dba Grand Canyon Resort Corporation (GCRC). You assume all risk and danger that happens in your visit. Directors, officers a

46、nd employees are not responsible for any injuries, damages and liabilities, theft, or loss of any kind. Upon entering onto the Tribes land and the Colorado River, you have agreed to obey all the laws and customs, and waived (放棄) all claims arising from the use of this ticket or your visit. Dated tic

47、kets are officially acceptable only on the date(s) printed above. This ticket is non-refundable. You will not use any photographs (including film, still, video or otherwise) of the Tribes land (including the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, and Skywalk), directly or indirectly, for profit (including in

48、 any advertisement, news or publication), without first obtaining the necessary written approvals and permits. Management reserves all rights.Get your FREE visitationcertificate in theTerminal Gift Shop70. Where is the passage probably taken from?A. A visiting ticket.B. A promotion advertisement.C.

49、A geography book.D. A science fiction film.71. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. You can get the money back if you give up the trip.B. You neednt pay money for your meal that day.C. Officers from GCRC will bear responsibility if you get hurt.D. You are sure to be familiar with all the law

50、s and customs there.72. The word “l(fā)iabilities” can be understood as “_”.A. traditional customsB. the amounts of debtC. trouble makersD. legal responsibilities73. The photographs taken in Grand Canyon West can be used if _.A. you advertise them for a company indirectlyB. they are not for business and

51、 obtain formal approvalsC. you pay for the rights to the local governmentD. they are used for the latest publication(C) Moocs (massive open online courses) are free, but without tutoring, and are open to anyone, anywhere in the world. The courses are flexible normally three to five hours of study a

52、week done at any time, short (5 to 10 weeks) and video-rich. They are also heavily dependent on crowd sourcing: you can discuss a course with fellow students through online forums, discussion boards and peer review. Students dont have to finish the courses, pass assessments or do assignments, but, i

53、f they do, they get a certification of participation. The Open University launched FutureLearn, the UKs answer to US platforms such as Coursera, EdX and Udacity, which have been offering Moocs from top US universities for the past two years. The response has been incredible, with more than three mil

54、lion people registering worldwide. Meanwhile, in 2012, Edinburgh University became the first non-US institution to join Courseras partnership, comprising 13 universities. “We already run 50 online masters degrees, so this was a logical expansion,” says Professor Jeff Haywood, Edinburghs vice-princip

55、al. “Its an investment in teaching methods research. How am I going to teach introductory philosophy to 100,000 people? Thats what I call educational R&D.” He adds, “If you look ahead 10 years, youd expect all students graduating to have taken some online courses, so youve got to research that. Our

56、Moocs are no more in competition with our degrees than a lifelong learning course because they dont carry credits.” Cooperation is key, Haywood stresses. It is far better to offer 20-30 courses in your own areas of expertise (專門技能) and let other institutions do likewise. Professor Mike Sharples, FutureLearns academic lead, goes further: “Weve tied the elements available before into a package of courses offered by leading universities worldwide on a new software platform, with a new way of promoting it and also a new social-learning teaching me