語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題之動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題之動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式, 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為： 1) 主語(yǔ)+am/is/are +done (過(guò)去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2）主語(yǔ)+ has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)3）主語(yǔ)+ am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)4）主語(yǔ)+ was/were done 一般過(guò)去時(shí)5）主語(yǔ)+ had been done 過(guò)去完成時(shí)6）主語(yǔ)+ was/were being done 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)7）主語(yǔ)+ shall/will be do

2、ne 一般將來(lái)時(shí)8）主語(yǔ)+ should/would be done 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)9）主語(yǔ)+ shall/will have been done 將來(lái)完成時(shí)（了解，不要求掌握）2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過(guò)去分詞。2) 有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。3) 當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，其余不動(dòng)。4）在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, f

3、eel, observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。5) 有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞介詞”，“動(dòng)詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開(kāi)。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。3. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)) 。二、 如何使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不僅要知道被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1. 講話(huà)者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 (這時(shí)可省 by 短語(yǔ))。2. 借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。3. 為了更好

4、地安排句子。三、 It is said that+從句及其他類(lèi)似句型一些表示“據(jù)說(shuō)”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe過(guò)去分詞that從句”或“主語(yǔ)be過(guò)去分詞to do sth.”。有：It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō),It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that眾所周知，It is thought that大家認(rèn)為，It is sugges

5、ted that據(jù)建議。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）四、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1.英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式 表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)通常是物。注意：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。2. 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物

6、動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。3. 系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 。1 在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式

7、的被動(dòng)形式。2 形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。3. 動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語(yǔ)，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。試比較：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)表明you不是post動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。)4. 在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義

8、。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。5 在too to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。試試看，你都學(xué)會(huì)了嗎？-語(yǔ)法鞏固練習(xí)一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. A lot of water _ (waste) every year. Its a serious problem.2. Now many kinds of work _ (can do) by robots. (上海)3. English _ (speak) as a second la

9、nguage in some countries. (山西)4. Fish may _ _ (catch) in the river. (呼和浩特)5. A new bridge _ (build) over the river last year. (福州)6. “Im afraid it _ (need) mending”, Mrs. White turned off the TV. (西安)7. Vegetables, eggs and fish _ (sell) in that shop.8. The children _ often _ (tell) to be careful wi

10、th fire.9. The accident _ (happen) just now.10. Now he _ (be) asked if the meeting _ (hold) next Friday.11. When school was over this morning, it _(snow) outsaide.12. - _ you _(finish) your homework yet? - Yes. I _ it last night.13. Its nine oclock. I can see they _(have) an English class there.14.

11、Look, Jassie! Some of them _(carry) water, others _(water) the trees.15. They_(leave) for Shanghai on business tomorrow monrning.16. My dictionary is broken. I think I _(buy) a new one soon.17. Look at the clouds, please. It _ (rain).18. They _(come) to ask for their books, but they took nothing.19.

12、 At that time we often _(have) nothing to eat. Too bad, you see.20. It _(take) me 20 minutes to get to school every day.21. I _(learn) English for 3 years before I came here.22. Lucy and Lily just _(come) here, so they dont know much about it.23. He has worked in the factory since he _(leave) the un

13、iversity.24.There _(be) a telephone call for you a moment ago. And he _(call) you again.25. I really didnt know when the movie_(begin). Its a pity.二、將下列句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. You must send your sister to hospital at once. (山東荷澤) She must _ _ to hospital at once.2. The foreigners cant understand this word. (廣東)

14、This word cant _ _ by the foreigners.3. Many people speak French in China. (廣西) French _ _ by many people in China.4. Mike drew a picture on the blackboard. (四川) A picture _ _ on the blackboard by Mike.5. Someone took away the boxes yesterday. (甘肅) The boxes _ _ away by someone yesterday.6. He doesn

15、t clean the meeting-room every day. (蘭州) The meeting-room _ _ every day.7. You can look up the word in the dictionary.The word can _ _ _ in the dictionary.8. Ill buy my daughter a new watch.A new watch will _ _ _ my daughter.9. The boss made the workers work all day.The workers _ _ _ work all day (b

16、y the boss).10. We saw some boys playing football behind the house.Some boys _ _ _ football behind the house.三、單項(xiàng)選擇題。1. The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it. (南京)A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwingC. stop to throw D. stop from throwing2. Many kinds of new bicy

17、cles _ in Number One Machine Factory now.A. are making B. are made C. have made D. will make3. Paper _ first invented in China. (昆明)A. is B. are C. was D. were 4. Do you like the flower? -Yes, it _ sweet. (內(nèi)蒙古)A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells5. His schoolbag _ away by a woman ten minute

18、s ago. (河北)A. took B. had taken C. was taken D. were taken6. It snowed heavily last night. The ground _ thick snow.(武漢)A. was covered with B. was filled with C. was made of D. was getting on with7. The light in the room _ before you leave.(廣州)A. must turn off B. will turn off C. are turned D. must b

19、e turned off8. Chinese _ by Miss Wang three years ago.(吉林)A. was taught B. is taught C. was teached D. were taught9. Young trees _ quite often.(武漢)A. should water B. should be water C. should be watered10. _ the kind of question often _ in your class, Ann?(山東)A. Does; ask B. Is; asked C. Has; asked

20、D. Will; ask10. The bridge over the river _ three years ago.(江西)A. is finished B. finished C. was finished D. has finished11. The bridge _ in three weeks.(深圳)A. will build B. is built C. will be built12. The League _ in May, 1922.(安徽)A. found B. was found C. founded D. was founded13. The old men and

21、 the children must _ in our country.(四川)A. take good care B. be taken good care C. take care of D. be taken good care of14. The radio can _ in two days.(湖南)A. mend B. be mend C. be mended D. mended15. Alice is ill. She _ to hospital at once.(四川)A. is sent B. must be sent C. can send D. must send16.

22、The flowers _ every day, or theyll die.(湖北)A. must water B. should water C. can be watered D. must be watered17. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning18. In some part of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serve

23、s D. served19. Have you moved into the new house?-No, not yet. The rooms _.A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting20. The girl was unhappy because she _ by some boys in the class.A. is laughed B. was laughed C. laughed at D. was laughed at 21.- - Oh, its a nice bike

24、. How long _ you _ it?- Just five days.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had 22. - Shall we go shopping now?- Sorry, I cant. I _ my shirts.A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing 23. Li Dong has _ Greener China for two months.A.joined B. been C. taken part in D. been a member of 24.

25、 - _you _ TV at the moment?- No. You can turn it off.A. Do, watch B. Are, watching C. Have, watched D. Did, watch 25. - Excuse me, sir. You cant smoke here.- Sorry, I _ the sign.A. dont notice B. havent noticed C. didnt notice D. hadnt noticed 26. - Hurry up! Were all waiting for you now.- I _ for a

26、n important phone call. Just go without me.A. wait B.you was waiting C. am waiting D. waited 27. - Why didnt you go to the movie yesterday?- Because I _ it before.A. am watching B. had watched C. watched D. have watched 28. Sorry, Jay Chou _ for half an hour. You cant see him now.A. has left B. has

27、gone C. has been away D. has gone away 29. -The movie Harry Potter is really interesting.- Yeah. I _ it twice.A. have seen B. see C. will see D. had seen30. Jenny is a nurse. She _ in the Town Hospital. A. works B.worked C.had worked D.work31. Dont talk loudly here. My little sister _.A. has gone ou

28、t B. is sleeping C. sleeps D. went to school32. - Hi, Carol. How was your trip to Disneyland? - Oh, Alice. We _ a good time there.A. have B. have had C. had D. are having33. Dont be worried. We are just in time, and we _ the early bus.A. dont miss B. can miss C. will miss D. wont miss34. She said sh

29、e_ me 5 letters in one month.A. has written B. will write C. had written D. wrote35. Mike, go and see who _ football on the playground.A. is playing B. plays C. played D. were playing36. - _ you _ to Beijing? - Yes. I will be back next Monday.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C.Are, going D. Did, go37. -L

30、i Lei, is your mother at home? - No. She _ work.A. has been to B. has gone to C. goes to D. has been in38. Dont worry. David said he _here on time very soon.A. came B. will be C. would come D. can be39. - Hurry, John. Its time to leave! - OK, _.A. Im coming. B. Ill come. C. Ive come. D. I would come

31、40. - Can I help you, sir? - Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _ now.A. didnt work B. wont work C. cant work D. doesnt work四：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)練習(xí)題1. _ a new library _ in our school last year?    A. Is，built  B. Was , built   C. Does ; build  D . Did ; build 2.

32、 An accident _ on this road last week.    A. has been happened B. was happened  C. is happened  D. happened 3. Cotton _ in the southeast of China.    A. is grown   B. are grown   C. grows   D. grow 4. So far, the mo

33、on _ by man already.    A. is visited  B. will be visited  C. has been visited  D. was visited 5. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.    A. is given   B. has been given  C. will be given  D. gives 6. A l

34、ot of things _ by people to save the little girl now.    A. are doing  B. are being done  C. has been done     D. will be done 7. The doctor _ for yet.    A. isn't sent  B. hasn't been sent  C. won't be sent 

35、 D. wasn't sent 8.-When _ this kind of computers_?  -Last year.    A. did; use   B. was; used   C .is; used   D. are; used 9. Who _ this book _?    A. did; written  B. was; written by  C. did; written  D. w

36、as; written 10. Mary _ show me her new dictionary.     A. has asked to  B. was asked to  C. is asked   D. asks to 11. A story _ by Granny yesterday.     A. was told us  B. was told to us  C. is told us   D. tol

37、d us 12. The monkey was seen _ off the tree.     A. jump   B. jumps   C. jumped   D. to jump 13.Older people _ well.     A. looks after    B. must be looked after C. must look after    

38、  D. looked after 14.Our teacher _ carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listen  C. be listened              D. is listened 15. In some part of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving

39、   B. is served    C. serves      D. served 16. It was reported that the murderer _ arrested.A. has been    B. had been    C. has     D. had 17. Do you think that the bridge _ in a year?A. would be completed B. will

40、 be completed  C. had been completed  D. is being completed 18. Great changes _ in China since the Peoples Republic of China _ in 1949.A. have taken place; was founded     B. has taken place; was foundedC. have been taken place; founded    D. took place;

41、founded 19. Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?   She has _ by her classmates.A. laughed  B. laughed at   C. been laughed  D. been laughed at 20. Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need      B. are needing   C. are needed 

42、60; D. will need21. I promise that matter will _.A. be taken care   B. be taken care of   C. take care    D. take care of  22. No permission has _ for anybody to enter the building.A. been given     B. given    C. to give    D. be

43、 given 23. I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A. gave    B. was given   C. was giving   D. had given 24. Can such a thing _ happening again?A. prevent from    B. prevented from  C. be prevented from  D. to prev

44、ent from 25. A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building   B. is being built   C. been built   D. be building 26. This bike _ last year.A. bought  B. has been bought  C. was bought   D. had been bought 27. Did you see the ho

45、use that _ by fire last year?A. was destroying  B. destroyed  C. would destroy  D. was destroyed 28. It _ whether she will get her work in the hospital.A. hasnt been decided B. isnt deciding  C. doesnt decide      D. hasnt decided 29. The p

46、en _ me. It is hers.A. isnt belong to B. wasnt belong to   C. doesnt belong to  D. didnt belong to  30. I cant use my bike because it _.A. is repairing   B. is being repaired  C. will repair   D. was repairing 31. The chairman told the speaker that s

47、he _ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _. A. was expected; heard  B. had expected; hear C. had hoped; hear  D. was hoped; heard 32- The window is dirty.  - I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned   B. didnt clean    C. wasnt cleaned   D

48、. hasnt been cleaned 33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.A. would be completed  B. was being completed  C. has been completed     D. had been completed 34. How long _ at this job? Since 1990.  A. were you employed  &#

49、160;  B. have you been employed C. had you been employed     D .will you be employed 35. What happened to the priceless works of art? _. A. They were destroyed in the earthquake  B. The earthquake was destroying themC. They destroyed in the earthquake D. The earthq

50、uake destroyed them 36. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He_ trying to save a child in the earth-quake. A. killed   B. is killed   C. was killed   D. was killing  37. Rainforests _and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in

51、 the near future. A. cut   B. are cut   C. are being cut   D. had been cut 38. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so quickly. A. is changing  B. has changed C.will have changed   D. will change  &

52、#160;39. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose   B. will be lost    C. are lost    D. will lose 40. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month.A. will be built     B. is built C. has been built   

53、 D. is being built課后檢測(cè)60分：一用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1. They _(come) to ask for their books, but they took nothing.2. I really didnt know when the movie_(begin). Its a pity.3. The girls _(dance) in the hall at 5:10 yesterday afternoon. 4. Look, Jassie! Some of them _(carry) water, others _(water) the trees.5. They_(leave) for Shanghai on business tomorrow monrning.6. M