




付費(fèi)下載
下載本文檔
版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶(hù)提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
1、一)名詞性從句 that ,if whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句:名詞性從句就是具有名詞特點(diǎn)的從句。它包括主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)以及表語(yǔ)從句,掌握名詞性從句首先需要掌握它的引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞分為三類(lèi),即連接代詞、連接副詞、以及連詞。1)連接代詞有 what ,whatever , which ,whichever , who ,whoever ,whom , whomever ,whose。2)連接副詞有 why ,when,where, how 等。3)連詞有 that , whether ,if 。一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞1 that 無(wú)詞義,在句子中不作成分,只起連接作用,在賓語(yǔ)從
2、句中可以被省略。2 whether , if的區(qū)別: whether通常可以引導(dǎo)所有的名詞性從句,而 if 通常只引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能放在句首。二、主語(yǔ)從句1主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句,通常放在句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ) it 代替,而本身放在句子的末尾。在口語(yǔ)中 it 作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí), that 可以省略。It doesn t matter so much whether you will come or not.你來(lái)不來(lái)沒(méi)有關(guān)系。2 that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句在句首不能省略。That he suddenly fell ill last week surprised us a
3、ll.上周他突然生病使大家都很驚訝。3 if引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句不可置于句首,而要用whether 。Whether you are right has to be proved in the future.你是否正確還有待在將來(lái)證明。三、表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的從句,放在系動(dòng)詞之后,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是:主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)從句??梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的系動(dòng)詞有:be, look , seem 等。The problem is whether we can make good preparations in such a short time.The reason why he is late for sch
4、ool is that he missed the early bus.It looks as if it is going to rain.主語(yǔ)是表示建議, 命令,請(qǐng)求的名詞時(shí), 其后的表語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,動(dòng)詞形式是: shoulddo, should 可被省略。My suggestion is that he(should)be sent to the hospital at once.四、賓語(yǔ)從句1賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的從句,通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (及物動(dòng)詞 )或介詞之后。有些形容詞如: sure, afraid , anxious ,aware , certain , co
5、nfident ,convinced , determined , glad , proud , surprised ,worried , sorry , thankful , ashamed, disappointed ,annoyed , pleased, satisfied , content等后面也可跟賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞 that 一般可以被省略掉,但如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句以及后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的 that 不可省略。I hope(that)everything is all right.I am afraid(that
6、)I have made a mistake.She promised(that)she would come and see him sometimeand that she would never forget him.2介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句不可用if 連接,只用whether 。I am interested in whether you have finished your work.3 whether和 if 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句??梢曰Q,但在下面的情況下不可互換:(1)賓語(yǔ)從句是否定句時(shí)只用if 不用 whetherI wonder if it doesn t rain.(2)用 if引起誤
7、解時(shí)要用whetherPlease let me know whether you want to go.(用 if的話會(huì)誤解為條件句)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中有or not 時(shí)只可與whether搭配。(3)介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用whether引導(dǎo), whether可與不定式連用。whether也可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句,還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,以上均不能用if代替,但引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)只能用if表示 “如果 ”。It depends on whether he has enough time.Whether you will accept or not, I should give you m
8、y advice.Please come to see me if you have time.4否定轉(zhuǎn)移(1)think , believe, suppose, expect , fancy , imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式,而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。I don t think I know you. 我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。I don t believe he will come我.相信他不會(huì)來(lái)。注意:若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為hope ,賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。I hope you weren我till想.你沒(méi)有生病吧。(2)將 seem, appear
9、 等后的從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。It doesn t seem that they know where to go.看來(lái)他們不知道往哪去。It doesn t appear that we ll have a sunny day tomorrow.看來(lái)我們明天不會(huì)碰上好天氣。(3)有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定。I don t remember having ever seen such a man.我記得從未見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣一個(gè)人。(not 否定動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)having.)It s not a place where anyone would expect to see
10、 strangecharacters on the street.在這里,人們不會(huì)想到在街上會(huì)碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主語(yǔ),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能用否定形式。)5 doubt( 懷疑 )的肯定句接if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,但否定句和疑問(wèn)句接that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。I doubt whether/if he will succeed.我懷疑他是否會(huì)成功。I do not doubt that he can recite the poem.我相信他能把這首詩(shī)背下來(lái)。Do you doubt that he will win?你不相信他會(huì)獲勝嗎?6虛擬情況:(1)在 suggest
11、, insist , order , demand , request ,require , command , propose ,desire 等表示建議、命令、要求、欲望的動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中,用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即should 動(dòng)詞原形,should 常被省略。He suggested that we should have a furtherdiscussion about the final decision.他建議我們對(duì)最后的決定作進(jìn)一步討論。She insisted that they should show her their passports.她堅(jiān)決要求他們向她出示護(hù)照。五、同位語(yǔ)
12、從句同位語(yǔ)從句用于對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句一般由that 引導(dǎo),但也可以由whether以及連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)。1同位語(yǔ)從句一般跟在名詞的后面。如:fact , hope ,idea , news, doubt , suggestion , information,opinion , decision , discovery , truth , promise ,statement , problem , rule 等。They were all very much worried over the fact that youwere sick. 對(duì)你生病這
13、件事,他們都很焦慮。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪兒聽(tīng)說(shuō)我不能來(lái)?I have no idea whether he ll come 我or不not知.道他是否來(lái)。 We haven t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪兒去度暑假,這個(gè)問(wèn)題我們還沒(méi)有決定。It is a question how he did it.那是一個(gè)他如何做了此事的問(wèn)題。There is no doubt that we will
14、 win.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)我們會(huì)贏的。注意:當(dāng)含有同位語(yǔ)從句的主句謂語(yǔ)部分過(guò)短時(shí),可以把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前詞隔開(kāi) ,以避免頭重腳輕的現(xiàn)象。,使同位語(yǔ)從句與名Word came that Mr.President would come and inspect our school himself.有消息說(shuō)總統(tǒng)先生將親自來(lái)視察我們學(xué)校。2. 使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的同位語(yǔ)從句在一些表示建議、命令、要求的名詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 should 動(dòng)詞原形表示, should 可省略。This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as poss
15、ible.盡快解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題,這是我們唯一的請(qǐng)求。He made the suggestion that we go by train.他建議我們坐火車(chē)去。2)名詞性從句:連接代詞,連接副詞上個(gè)單元我們講解了引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞:that , whether和 if ,這個(gè)單元我們重點(diǎn)討論連接代詞,連接副詞。1)連接代詞有:who , whose, whom , what , which , whoever , whatever , whichever 。有詞義,在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)等。2)連接副詞有:when , where ,why , how 。有詞義,在從句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)。一
16、、主語(yǔ)從句1主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ),通常放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前,或由 it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ),而本身放在句末。Who will go is not important.誰(shuí)去不重要。It doesnmatter so much when he will come.他什么時(shí)候來(lái)沒(méi)有關(guān)系。Whoever breaks the law should be punished.任何違法的人都要受到懲罰。2 it作形式主語(yǔ),代替主語(yǔ)從句放在句首,主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒(méi)有變化。而 it 引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子的某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是什么都用連詞that 連接,而被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分如果是人,則可以
17、用 who 連接。It was in the morning that the murder took place.(It was John that/who broke the window.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)強(qiáng)調(diào)句)3單個(gè)的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。When and where he was born has not been found.When the person was murdered and why he wasmurdered are still unknown.4 what和 that在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別。
18、what 在主語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ),而that則不然。What you said yesterday is right.That he is still alive isa wonder.二、表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句由連接代詞與連接副詞引導(dǎo)。1 Guilin is not what it used to be.2 She wants to know which dress she should buy.3 This is where Tom used to live.4 That is why he didn t pass the exam.三、賓語(yǔ)從句1賓語(yǔ)從句由連接代詞與
19、連接副詞引導(dǎo)。(1)He asked me why I was absent yesterday.(2)You may elect whoever you like.(3)Do you know when we ll have a sports meeting?2介詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句,不可用which,要用what 。I am interested in what you have said.3 it 可以作形式賓語(yǔ)it 不僅可以作形式主語(yǔ),還可以作形式賓語(yǔ),而真正的賓語(yǔ)則放在句尾。We are glad at it that she will get married next year.不能直
20、接跟賓語(yǔ)從句,必須借助形式賓語(yǔ)it 的動(dòng)詞有:like , appreciate , hate ,dislike , love, see to 等。 I like itin the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.四、同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句比較少,通常會(huì)在 idea 后面。I have no idea why he always complained that nothingcame out the way he had expected.3)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一、定義:賓
21、語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)通常緊跟在賓語(yǔ)之后,對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。二、句子結(jié)構(gòu)是:主謂賓賓補(bǔ)三、兩種結(jié)構(gòu)1主表型(1)make our country beautiful(adj.)(2)call him Lao Li (noun)(3)find sb.out( adv.)(4)find sb.at home( prep.phrase)2主謂型(1)ask sb.to do sth.( 有 to 不定式 )(2)have sb.do sth.( 無(wú) to 不定式 )(3)see sb.doing sth.( 現(xiàn)在分詞 )(4)have sth.done.( 過(guò)去分詞)四、接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞1在表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞
22、后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有:consider , think , believe , discover , find ,imagine , judge , suppose, prove 等。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后的不定式通常是 “ to be形容詞或名詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu), think , consider , find 后的 to be ??墒÷?。We consider him(to be)a good teacher.我們認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)好老師。He proved that theory(to be)very important.他證明那個(gè)理論是很重要的。I thought her(to be)nice and h
23、onest the first time I met her.我第一次見(jiàn)到她的時(shí)候就認(rèn)為她人很好,很誠(chéng)實(shí)。2在表示情感狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有:love, like , prefer , hate ,want ,wish ,expect 等。I d prefer you to leave him alone. 我希望你不要打擾他。I don t want there to be any trouble.我不想有任何麻煩。3 hope , demand , suggest 等動(dòng)詞后面不能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。I hope you can give me a hand.我希望你能幫我一
24、把。I wish you to give me a hand.我希望你能幫我一把。He required us to be present at the meeting.他要求我們出席會(huì)議。Mr Li suggested that she should not go there alone.李先生建議她不要獨(dú)自去那里。五、可作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的形式不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞,名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語(yǔ)都能作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。六、具體說(shuō)明1副詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)如: I found him in yesterday.2常接形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:keep, make , find 等。如: We must ke
25、ep our classroom clean.3常接名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:call , name , make,think等 .如: We call them mooncakes.4常接動(dòng)詞 ing 形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: see, watch , hear , find , keep 等。如: In the country, we can hear birds singing.5常接介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:keep,find , leave 等。如: I left my pen on my desk at home.6不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1)常接帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足
26、語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:want , teach , wish , advise , allow , ask, beg,command , tell , invite , force , oblige , get, help ,encourage , persuade , permit , remind , request ,order , warn , cause 等。She often asks me to help her.We don t allow such things to happen again.Most of the parents agree to forbid their chil
27、dren tosmoke.She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.Please remind me to leave her this note.She requested him to go with her.(2) 接不帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:see, watch , hear , make , let 等。I often see him play football.(3) 用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的幾點(diǎn)說(shuō)明: help 后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶to 也可以不帶to.如: I often help my mo
28、ther(to)do some housework.在使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),不定式不帶to。有些動(dòng)詞跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)省去了to,這些動(dòng)詞有:一感二聽(tīng)三讓四觀看。一感: feel二聽(tīng): hear , listen to三讓?zhuān)?let ,have, make四觀看: observe,see,watch ,look at 轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),其后通常都用帶to的不定式(have 、let沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。What would you have me do?你要我做什么?She made him give up smoking.她讓他戒了煙。Let him do whatever he wishes
29、 to do.他想干什么就讓他干吧.Though he had often made his little sister cry, todayhe was made to cry by his little sister.雖然經(jīng)常是他弄哭小妹妹,但今天他卻被小妹妹弄哭了。(4) 掌握 “使役動(dòng)詞 have賓語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞 ”的幾種含義。在 “have賓語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),具有以下幾種含義:意為 “主語(yǔ)請(qǐng)別人做某事”。have也可用get。這一結(jié)構(gòu)He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.他明天想去檢查眼睛。( “檢查 ”的動(dòng)作由醫(yī)
30、生來(lái)進(jìn)行)意為 “主語(yǔ)遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不測(cè)的事情”。Be careful ,or you ll have your hands hurt.當(dāng)心,否則會(huì)弄傷手的。意為 “使完成某事 ”,事情既可以是別人做完,也可以由主語(yǔ)參與完成。He had the walls painted this morning.他今早把墻漆了。(主語(yǔ)自己可能參與)(5) 動(dòng)詞不定式也可作一些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。I m waiting for James to arrive. 我正等著詹姆斯的到來(lái)。He s arranged for a car to pick them up at the station.他已安
31、排了一輛汽車(chē)去車(chē)站接他們。The UN has called on both sides to observe the cease fire.聯(lián)合國(guó)號(hào)召交戰(zhàn)雙方遵守?;饏f(xié)定。7分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系;用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ),表示賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。(1)跟分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:catch, have, get,keep, hear , find , feel, leave, make , want ,start , notice ,observe , watch , set 等。There was so much no is
32、e that the speaker couldnmake himself heard. t由于十分吵鬧,講話人沒(méi)法讓人聽(tīng)到他的聲音。When he awoke , he found himself being looked afterby an old woman.他醒來(lái)的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)一位老大娘正在照顧他。(2) 幾種用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的情況說(shuō)明:表示 “意欲;命令 ”的動(dòng)詞如like , want , wish ,order等,可用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。The father wants his daughter taught the piano.這位父親想讓女兒學(xué)鋼琴。感官動(dòng)詞 see,h
33、ear ,notice , observe,watch ,feel ,find 等后,可用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.剛才我看到一位老人被車(chē)撞倒了。使役動(dòng)詞have, get, make, leave, keep等后,可用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Have you got your films developed?你拿膠卷去沖洗了沒(méi)有? “with賓語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)中, 過(guò)去分詞用作介詞 with 的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語(yǔ)。The murderer was broug
34、ht in, with his hands tied behind his back.兇手被帶進(jìn)來(lái)了,他的雙手被綁在背后。(表方式 )With water heated, we can see the steam.水一被加熱,我們就會(huì)看到水蒸汽。(表?xiàng)l件)With the matter settled, we all went home.事情得到解決,我們都回家了。(表原因 )注意:在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)為某一身體部位,且作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),身體部位通常是過(guò)去分詞的邏輯賓語(yǔ),因而用過(guò)去分詞。She stood in front of him,with her eyes fixed on h
35、is face.(fix one s eyes為on固定短語(yǔ),因此,不可將句中fixed她站在他面前, 眼睛注視著他。換為fixing)He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然舉著手站了一會(huì)兒。當(dāng)用某些不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式作身體部位的賓補(bǔ)時(shí),用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式。She stood there with her heart beating fast.她站在那里,心跳很快。(beat 意為 “心跳 ”,是不及物動(dòng)詞)(3) 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系及物動(dòng)詞 (短語(yǔ) )的過(guò)去分詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí), 賓語(yǔ)即是過(guò)去分詞的邏輯
36、賓語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ)和過(guò)去分詞之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。I want the letter posted.我想把這封信寄出去。少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞如go, change, fall等的過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),僅表示動(dòng)作完成。因此,賓語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞之間不存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。She found her necklace gone on her way home.在回家的路上,她發(fā)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)鏈不見(jiàn)了。動(dòng)詞seat,hide ,dress 等的過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一般作狀語(yǔ)而不表示被動(dòng)的意義,因此,雖然賓語(yǔ)與它們存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,但也只能用它們的過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。When I came in , I found
37、a strange girl seated in the corner.我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生的女孩坐在角落里。4)主謂一致1.單詞本身以s 結(jié)尾的某些名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),主謂一致的關(guān)系如下:(1)學(xué)科名稱(chēng):以 s 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞如 physics , mathematics(maths) , politics , economics 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果看作一門(mén)學(xué)科,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),如果不是指一門(mén)學(xué)科,而是指其含義,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)。Politics is taught in our school.Economics is an importantsubject.但在以下句中應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。His m
38、athematics are weak.他的數(shù)學(xué)能力弱。(2)某些專(zhuān)有名詞:以 s 結(jié)尾的某些專(zhuān)有名詞如 the United States, the United Nations 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 The United States is in North America.(3)以 s 結(jié)尾的詞如 news,means,works 等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù), 但如果 means, works 指復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。A chemical works is being built now.Two chemical works have been built in my home
39、town.(4)由成雙部分構(gòu)成的器具及衣物等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。若前邊有a pair of. 或 a suit of. 等詞來(lái)修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The clothes were made by herself.常見(jiàn)這樣的詞有:trousers , glasses, scissors(剪刀 ), tongs( 鉗 )2用 and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)(1)and 并列兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞,構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(2)用 and 連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞在意義上指同一個(gè)人、物或概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)。The worker and writer is coming to our school.(
40、3)用 and 連接兩個(gè)物質(zhì)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若看作一種混合體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Much mud and sand has been washed away by the flood.若看作兩種不同物質(zhì)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。Water and air are what we must need.(4)用 and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞,如果表示兩個(gè)部件構(gòu)成的物品組成一副用具時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)使用單數(shù)。A knife and fork is very useful for a foreigner.3集合名詞的主謂一致:集合名詞如: family , team , class, group , government , co
41、urt , committee , population ,audience 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若看作整體時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ),若看作個(gè)體時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。The family is a large one.The family are all music lovers.但一些集體名詞如 police , people, cattle 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。4 the adj. 或分詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若指一類(lèi)人,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),若指抽象的含義時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The blind usually trust their sense of touch.The good is beautiful, but the beautiful is not always good.5由連詞or ;either.or. ; neither.nor. ;not only.butalso.等連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)用就近原則。You or he is to blame.Eithe
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶(hù)所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶(hù)上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶(hù)上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶(hù)因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 蘇州科技大學(xué)《婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)B》2023-2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末試卷
- 東北師范大學(xué)《高等運(yùn)籌學(xué)》2023-2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末試卷
- 湖南食品藥品職業(yè)學(xué)院《影視后期》2023-2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末試卷
- 石河子工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院《工程管理及企業(yè)文化》2023-2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末試卷
- 北京航空航天大學(xué)《中醫(yī)全科醫(yī)學(xué)概論(含整合醫(yī)學(xué)概論)》2023-2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末試卷
- 承德應(yīng)用技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院《土力學(xué)與基坑安全》2023-2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末試卷
- 南通大學(xué)《醫(yī)藥市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)學(xué)》2023-2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末試卷
- DB4228T 73-2022 恩施州秋作馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)技術(shù)規(guī)程
- 許昌職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院《數(shù)學(xué)物理方法概論》2023-2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末試卷
- 廣州城建職業(yè)學(xué)院《新媒體短片創(chuàng)作》2023-2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末試卷
- 精裝修施工的監(jiān)理細(xì)則
- 醫(yī)療質(zhì)量和醫(yī)療安全培訓(xùn)
- 口腔解剖生理學(xué)-第八章(動(dòng)脈)
- 裝修施工項(xiàng)目投標(biāo)書(shū)模板
- 人體發(fā)育學(xué)練習(xí)題(選擇題)
- 梅尼埃綜合征
- DB11-T 1446-2017 回彈法、超聲回彈綜合法檢測(cè)泵送混凝土抗壓強(qiáng)度技術(shù)規(guī)程
- Unit8Birthdays(Storytime)(教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì))譯林版英語(yǔ)五年級(jí)下冊(cè)
- 合肥市45中2023-2024學(xué)年英語(yǔ)七下期末經(jīng)典模擬試題含答案
- 2024年度中學(xué)階段漢字聽(tīng)寫(xiě)大會(huì)競(jìng)賽練習(xí)題庫(kù)
- 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全攻防演練護(hù)網(wǎng)工作報(bào)告
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論