初二語法復(fù)習(xí)之一 直接引語和間接引語

1、  初二語法復(fù)習(xí)之一 直接引語和間接引語概念：直接引語和間接引語都是賓語。一字不改地引述別人的話，叫做直接引語；用說話人自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫做間接引語。兩種引語皆須由動詞引述，這種動詞叫做引述動詞，如say,tell,ask,declare,remark,reply,think,write等。直接引語一般皆置于引號之內(nèi)，第一個詞的首字母須大寫；間接引語通常在句中以賓語從句的形式出現(xiàn)。變法：1.直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間和地點(diǎn)狀語及某些動詞要用相應(yīng)變化。其變法如下：(1)、人稱變化與漢語相同。如：She said, “I went to see Mr. Li

2、u yesterday.” 她說：“我昨天去看過劉老師了?！盨he said that she had gone to see Mr. Liu the day before. 她說那天她去看過劉老師了。(2)、時態(tài)的變化列表如下：直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時：“I am very glad to visit your workshop,” she said.“我很高興參觀你們的車間?！彼f。一般過去時：She said that she was very glad to visit our workshop.她說她很高興參觀我們的車間。正在進(jìn)行時：“I am checking your home

3、work now,”his mother said. “我現(xiàn)在正在檢查你的作業(yè)，”他母親說。過去進(jìn)行時：His mother said that she was checking his homework then. 他母親說她當(dāng)時正在檢查他的作業(yè)?，F(xiàn)在完成時：“Have you handed in the money for the tickets?”the monitor asked. “你交票款了嗎？”班長問。過去完成時：The monitor asked me if I had handed in the money for the tickets. 班長問我是否交票款了。一

4、般過去時：She said, “My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday.” 她說，“我母親昨天帶我去看了展覽。”過去完成時：She said that her mother had taken her to an exhibition the day before. 她說她母親前一天帶她去看了展覽。但是，要注意下面的情況：直接引語說的是科學(xué)真理、格言時，無論主句用何時態(tài)，間接引語仍用一般時。如：The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”老師說：“太陽在東

5、方升起，在西邊落下?！盩he teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(3) 指示代詞、時間和地點(diǎn)狀語及某些動詞的變化列表如下： 直接引語間接引語指示代詞this thatthesethose時間狀語nowthentodaythat daythis morning(afternoon)that morning(afternoon)tonightthat nightyesterdaythe day beforelast nightthe night beforethe day befor

6、e yesterdaytwo days beforethe day after tomorrowin two daysagobeforetomorrowthe next (following) daynext week(year)the next week (year)地點(diǎn)狀語herethere方向性動詞comego     bringtake 2.直接引語可以變?yōu)殚g接引語，直接引語主要四種類型變化。直接引語是陳述句時間接引語用that來引導(dǎo)。主句一般位于句首，其謂語動詞通常是say, tell, think,repeat,answe

7、r,reply,explain, declare, whisper等。實(shí)際是主句中含賓語從句，一律必須跟一個賓格代詞或表示人的名詞，再跟that從句。1“Im leaving for Beijing the day after tomorrow,” he said to his son.他對他兒子說：“我后天要去北京了?！盚e told his son that he was leaving for Beijing in two days.           2The interpr

8、eter said, “Ladies and gentlemen, the foreign guests arrived here yesterday.”譯員說：“女士們，先生們，外國客人昨天到了。”The interpreter told the ladies and gentlemen that the foreigners had arrived there the day before. 直接引語是疑問句時要先將主句的said或told改為asked，引語將疑問句語序改為陳述句語序，句末用逗號。  一般疑問句時要將問句改為由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從

9、句1“Are they all in favour of open policy?” the president said to me.校長問我：“他們都贊成開放政策嗎？”(直接引語) The president asked me whether(if) they were all in favour of the open policy. (間接引語)特殊疑問句時就用原來的疑問詞作連詞來引導(dǎo)賓語從句2.“Who will help me finish the job?” she asked.“誰愿意幫我完成這項(xiàng)工作？”她問道。（直接引語為特殊疑問句）She asked who wo

10、uld help her finish the job.( 間接引語疑問代詞who引導(dǎo)) 選擇疑問句時須用whether(不用if)or引導(dǎo)賓語從句。凡是疑問句的直接引語均不可用that來引導(dǎo)。3“Will you stay at school or go home this summer vacation, Tom?”said the Mary.瑪麗問：“湯姆，今年暑假你留校還是回家？”(直接引語)Mary asked Tom whether he would stay at school or went home that summer vacation. (間接引語)直接引語是

11、祈使句時1.多用“名詞（代詞）不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)即主語+asked(advised)+sb.+(not) to do sth.”2.謂語動詞用asked, told, advised, ordered, begged, commanded, warned.1“Copy down this sentence and keep it in mind, please.”said the old teacher.  “把這個句子抄下來，并把它記住，”那位老師說。(直接引語) The old teacher told us to copy down that sentence and ke

12、ep it in mind. (間接引語)2“Dont do that again, boys.” Said the old man. “別再做那種事，男孩子們，”那位長輩說。(直接引語)The old man advised the boys not to do that again. (間接引語)有些表示“提議，建議，要求，勸告”的祈使句，尤其是Let引導(dǎo)的祈使句，改為間接引語時可用suggest, insist, offer等動詞或“should+動詞原形”加以轉(zhuǎn)述。如：3“Lets have a cup of milk.” said the young man. “我們飲杯牛

13、奶吧!”這位年輕人說。(直接引語)The young man suggested having a cup of milk. (間接引語)=The young man suggested that we should have a cup of milk. (間接引語) 直接引語是感嘆句可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)?！癢hat a lovely day it is today!”said the visitor.“今天天氣多好啊!”游客說。(直接引語)The visitor said what a lovely day it was that day. (間接引語)T

14、he visitor said that it was a lovely day that day. (間接引語) 直接引語變間接引語練習(xí)題 1. He asked _ for the computer.    A. did I pay how much   B. I paid how much   C. how much did I pay   D. how much I paid 2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He a

15、sked me _.A. had I seen the film   B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film   D. whether I had seen the film 3. “Please close the window,” he said to me.     He _ me _ the window.    A. said to; to close   B. told t

16、o; closing   C. asked ; to close   D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _.    A. that I am a teacher   B. I was a teacher  C. that he is a teacher   D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.

17、” He _- very naughty.    A. said his mother that the boy was   B. said to his mother that the boy is    C. told his mother that the boy was   D. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked.   

18、 She asked _.    A. if I have already got well, hadnt you    B. whether I had already got well    C. have I already got well    D. had I already got well.  7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”  

19、60; He asked me _.    A. am I a Party member or a League member   B. was I a Party member or a League member    C. if I was a Party member or a League member   D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.   8. He asked, “How are you

20、getting along?” He asked _.A. how am I getting along    B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along    D. how was I getting along   9. He asked me _ with me.    A. what the matter is    B. what the mater was    C. whats the matter    D. what was the matter   10. He said,