2020高考英語新創(chuàng)新一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法第三部分第二講簡單句與并列句學(xué)案北師大版

1、第二講簡單句與并列句考什么分學(xué)什么一明確方向各考省時高效F| 簡單句全析考法I .單句語法填空1. （2018 全國卷出）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was justglad to find them alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal（mean） me no real harm.解析：meant根據(jù)語境可知此處敘述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)該用一般過去時，故 填 meant。2. （2017 全國卷n ）This includ

2、ed digging up the road, （lay） the track and then building a strong roof over the top.解析：laying laying 和句中的 digging up, building并歹U。3. （2016 全國卷出 ）Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal（create） special designs.解析：to create 句意：熟練的工人還會把各種硬質(zhì)木材和金屬組合起來以創(chuàng)作獨特 的樣式。根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語。n .單句改

3、錯1 . （2018 全國卷 n ）When I was little, Friday night was our family game night .Still I unwilling to play the games with them sometimes.解析：unwilling 前加was unwilling是形容詞，它和系動詞一起構(gòu)成"主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。此處敘述“我”小時候的事情，主語是 I ,所以用was。2 . （2016 四川高考）Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mother's Day. We get up

4、 early in the morning.解析：get-got此處描述母親節(jié)當(dāng)天的事，根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時態(tài)。謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則簡單句就是由一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）構(gòu)成的句子。簡單句有五 種基本句式，其他各種句式都是由這五種基本句式演變而來?；揪湫鸵唬篠+ V （主+謂）釋義：此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。-sV （不及物動詞）I.Timeflies.2.The moonrose.3.Shesings beautifully.talked for half an4.The

5、yhour.5.Hewalked yesterday.特別注意主語可有修飾語一一定語，謂語可有修飾語一一狀語。The red sun rises in the east.紅色的太陽從東方升起。基本句型二：S+ V+ O （主+謂+賓）釋義：此句型的句子有一個共同特點，謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。SV（及物動詞）O （賓語）1.Whoknowsthe answer ?2.Shelaughs ather.3.Theyatesome apples.4.Dannylikesswimming.5.Iwantto have

6、 a cup of tea.基本句型三：S+ V+ IO + DO （主+謂+間賓+直賓）釋義：此句型的句子有一個共同特點，謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。SV （及物）IO （多指人）DO （多指物）1.Shepassedhima new dress.2.Shecookedher husbanda delicious meal.3.Ishowedhimmy pictures.4.Itoldhimhow to run the machine.5.Heshowedmethe bus over there.基本句型四：S+ V

7、+ 0+ C （主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）釋義：此句型的句子有一個共同特點，動詞雖然是及物動詞， 但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。V （及物）0（賓語）C （賓補(bǔ)）1.Wekeepthe tableclean.2.Whatmakeshimsad ?3.Wesawhimout.4.Heaskedmeto come back soon.5.Isawthemgetting on the bus.基本句型五：S+ V+ P (主+系+表)釋義：此句型的句子有一個共同特點，句子謂語動詞都不能表達(dá)一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語

8、，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。SLinking-V （系動詞）P (表語)1.Thisisan English dictionary.2.The dinnersmellsgood.3.Hefellhappy.4.The bookisinteresting.5.The weatherbecamewarmer.知識拓展6類系動詞(1)狀態(tài)系動詞，用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有 be (am, is, are, was, were) 一詞。(2)持續(xù)系動詞，用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay,lie, stand 。(3)表象系動詞，用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有

9、 seem, appear, look 。(4)感官系動詞，主要有 feel, smell, sound, taste 。(5)變化系動詞，表示主語變成什么樣， 主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, coma(6)終止系動詞，表示主語已終止動作，主要有 prove, turn out 。旦二_| 并列句全析考法I .單句語法填空1. （2016 四川高考）It was time for her to have a new baby, it was also time for the young panda to be independent.解析：and

10、 根據(jù)語境可知，"It was time for ."和"it was also time for .”之間是并列關(guān)系，故用and 連接。2. （2015 廣東高考 ）One day, the cow was eating grass it began to rain heavily.解析：when be doing sth.when ."正在做某事，這時突然”。3. （2014 全國卷 I ）But the river wasn't changed in a few days even afew months.解析： or “ a few da

11、ys ”和“ a few months ”之間為并列關(guān)系，且此句為否定句，因此要用 or 連接。4. （2014 廣東高考 ）We were told that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, for the week after.解析：but not .but . 為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“不是而是”。n .單句改錯1. （2018 全國卷 I ）At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agre

12、ed.解析：but-and根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示順承關(guān)系，用并列連詞 and。2. （2018 全國卷出 ）Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.解析：and-or此處表示“他的或者她的”段落，應(yīng)該屬于一種選擇關(guān)系，而不是并 列關(guān)系。3. （2017 全國卷 I ）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned theinstructor's orders, so once

13、I started the car, my mind went blank.解析：so-but/yet此處表示“我認(rèn)為我已經(jīng)明白了教練的指令，但是車一啟動，腦子一片空白”。根據(jù)語境可知，前后分句之間不是因果關(guān)系而是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。4. （2017 全國卷出）I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.解析：andfbut not only .but also .是固定短語，意為“不但而且”，連接并列成分。5. （2016 全國卷 I ）Every day he makes sure that fr

14、esh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.解析：or-and 根據(jù)語境可知，新鮮的蔬菜與高品質(zhì)的油二者之間為并列關(guān)系而非選 擇關(guān)系。6. （2016 全國卷n ）We can choose between staying at home and taking a trip.Ifwe stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.解析：but 一and第二句句意：我們?nèi)绻诩依?，會感覺舒適，還不花錢。根據(jù)句意可知，"comfo

15、rtable "與"no need to spend money ”之間是并列關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則并列句由兩個或兩個以上并列而又獨立的簡單句構(gòu)成。在并列句中，這些簡單句常由并列連詞（短語）連在一起。并列連詞用法例句and, not only .(also) ., both .and . 等but表并列、順承或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系There the air is cleanand themountains are green.那里空氣清新，千山一碧。The failure was a big blow to him,butbut, yet,whereas 等表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系he wa

16、sn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.這次失敗對他是個 很大的打擊，但他并沒有沮喪，很快便像 以前一樣充滿熱情。or, either .Either you must improve your work or Ior ., not .表選擇關(guān)系shall dismiss you.要么你改進(jìn)工作，要but .等么我就辭退你。表因果關(guān)系。for連接The leaves of the trees are falling,for, so的分句一般不能放在句for it's already autumn.樹葉在墜落，首

17、因為秋天已經(jīng)到了。and,or表條件或結(jié)果關(guān)系，常用于句型“祈使句+and/or +陳述句”中You have to move out of the wayor thetruck cannot get past you.你得讓出路來，否則卡車無法從你身旁通 過。while作為并列連詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩種情況的對比I drink black coffeewhile he prefersit with milk.我愛喝黑咖啡，向他更喜歡喝加牛奶的。特別注意when可用作并列連詞，相當(dāng)于 and at this/that time ,意為“正在這/ 那時；突然”,常用于下列句式：sb. be about to

18、 do/going to do/on the point of doingsth. when .（某人正要做某事，突然）；sb. be doing sth. when .（ 某人正在做某事,突然 ）;sb. had just done sth. when .（某人剛做完某事，突然）。He was about to go out when the telephone rang.他正要出去時，電話鈴響了。He had just finished writing a report whenthe boss let him type a letter.他剛寫完一篇報告，老板就讓他打印一封信件。怎么考/

19、怎么解 掌握*套路.解題有徑可尋語法填空解題“ 2策略”1 .分析單詞、短語或句子的邏輯關(guān)系或句式結(jié)構(gòu)(1)完整的句子中，如果兩個單詞或短語并列，要填并列連詞；(2)若兩個句子(兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間沒有句號或分號，也沒有連詞，空格處必定填連詞。2 .注意固定句式中的連詞據(jù)第1條解題1. . “I didn't think of applying for Cambridge I didn't think CambridgeUniversity would take someone like me, but my tutor encouraged me to applyMr.Edwa

20、rds said in a statement.2. At school, some students are active while some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.3. The short road, the easy path and the light load all lead to lower grades in school life.據(jù)第2條解題4. Smile at life, and it will shine on you.5. We were walking side-by-sid

21、e when suddenly we both sank to knee depth in the mud.6. Follow your doctor's advice, or your cough will get worse.短文改錯解題“ 3視角”1 .根據(jù)句意、前后的邏輯關(guān)系去判斷連詞是否正確。2 .根據(jù)短語搭配和固定句式判斷連詞。3 .注意排查中式英語，如將 although/though 和but, because 和so連用。遇到此種 情況，一般刪除后面的but, so ,以免影響一個句子的第一個單詞首字母大寫的原則。據(jù)第1條解題1. I waited patiently

22、 for some time, so nobody came for it.sofbut2. . As a result, he won the game but finally became famous throughout the country. but fand3. My dear mum or dad, thank you very much for bringing me up.orfand4. They give us lots of love and care, and we only care a little for them. 第二個 andfbut/while5. Besides it' s common that the young or middle-aged sit on the bus when the elderly have to stan