滬教牛津版八年級下期中語法復習

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學習與交流滬教牛津版八年級下期中語法復習.精品文檔.一、動詞不定式動詞不定式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“to do sth”（有時可以省略to）,在句中除了不能充當謂語外其他成分都可以充當，如主語、表語、賓語、狀語、賓語補足語、定語等，這學期我們主要學習動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補足語和目的狀語。1.作賓語需要用動詞不定式做賓語的動詞有：want, hope, wish, like ,begin,start, forget, remember, need, ask, learn, decide, would like, try, offer, plan, refuse,

2、 agree, help等。Remember to post the letter.I hope to stay with you拓展：（1）當作賓語的不定式后跟有賓語補足語時，通常需要形式賓語it代替不定式，并將真正的賓語（不定式）置于賓語補足語之后，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+謂語+it+賓語補足語+動詞不定式。 I find it difficult to learn Japanese well.（2）當兩個或兩個以上的不定式連用時，后面的不定式往往省略to. He began to read and write after dinner.（3）動詞不定式可以和疑問詞who(m), which, w

3、hat, when, how, where(why除外)等連用，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語或表語等。 How to control the water pollution is a big problem. The trouble is whom to invite.（4）”疑問詞+動詞不定式（短語）”作賓語時，相當于一個賓語從句 I dont know what to do next time.= I dont know what I should do next time.2.作賓語補足語動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，放在賓語的后面，表示賓語是什么或者怎么樣。其后接帶to的不定式作

4、賓語補足語的動詞（短語）有：ask, tell, like, love, hate, would like, order, teach, want, wish, advise等。The doctor advised him to take a good rest.We asked him to sing a pop song at the party.拓展：（1）動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，在使役動詞和感官動詞后面需要省略to，常見的此類動詞有：have, let, make, feel, hear, notice, see, watch.The boss made the workers wo

5、rk over 10 hours a day in the past.I saw Li Lei fall down from his bike,（2）help接動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，不定式符號可以省略也可以不省略。He often comes to help us (to) do some farming work.3.作目的狀語 動詞不定式表目的時，可放在句子的前面，也可以放在句子的末尾，但在句子前面時，動詞不定式常用逗號與句子隔開，而在句子末尾時一般不用逗號隔開。 He goes there to enjoy the fresh air.練習1. The children decide

6、 _ their school yard this Friday afternoon. A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned2. He lost his key. It made him _ in the cold to wait for his wifes return. A.to stay B.stayed C.stays D.stay3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _ me. A.help B.helping C.to help D.helps4. It was time for c

7、lass. Mr King asked all the children_ down quietly. A.sit B.sat C.to sit D.sitting5. _ a book in the library, you should enter a key word into the computer first. A.To find B.Find C.To write D. Write 6.-Which dress do you like best, Madam? -Sorry, I cant decide _ now. A.to buy which one B.buy which

8、one C.which one to buy D.which I should buy it7. Try to sing more English songs, and you will find it interesting _ a foreign language. A.learning B.learns C.learn D.to learn8. -I will go ho Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? -I havent decided where _. A.go B.went C.going D.to go9.- Why

9、dont you go out to play, Rose? -Because I have much homework _. A.do B.does C.doing D.to do二、動名詞Communicating is more than just speaking.交流不僅僅是說話Debbie enjoys smiling and always looks friendly.黛比喜歡微笑并且看上去總是很友好Im looking forward to going to Beijing.我正盼望著去北京。動名詞是由“動詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成，它在句中可作多種成分。變化規(guī)則一般在詞尾加ing。

10、 buy-buying wait-waiting rain-raining以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去掉e再加ing。 use-using ride-riding以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫最后一個輔音字母再加ing。 begin-beginning cut-cutting少數(shù)以ie結(jié)尾的動詞，變ie為y，再加ing。 die-dying lie-lying tie-tying以oe,ee,ye結(jié)尾的動詞，直接在詞尾加ing。 see-seeing flee-fleeing用法1.作主語 常位于句首，此時位于動詞應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 Swimming in the sea is her favou

11、rite sport. 2.作表語 用于表示主語是什么。 My favourite hobby is collecting stamps.3.作動詞和介詞的賓語 I practice speaking English everyday. After finishing his homework, he went to bed.4.作定語 動名詞可以用于所修飾的名詞前表示該事物的用途，也可以使用“for+動名詞”形式位于所修飾的名詞前。 a swimming pool=a pool of for swimming.1.The retired couple enjoy_ photos. They

12、always go out with their cameras. A.take B.took C.to take D.taking2. -Thanks very much for _（invite）me to your birthday party.3._ the competition brought her more than just fame. A. Win B. Winning C. Won D. Winner 4.Watching TV too much _ good for your eyes. A.is B.isnt C.are D.arent5.-Would you min

13、d_ the window? - Not at all. A.opening B.open C.to open D.opens6.What about_ the guitar? A.practising playing B.practise to play C.practise playing D.practising to play7.They left the room without _ a word. A.say B.to say C.saying D.says三、被動語態(tài)1.No nets are required for this type of fishing.這種捕魚方式不需要

14、網(wǎng)。2.Cormorant fishing was once practised in lots of places in South-East China. 曾經(jīng)中國東南部很多地方從事鸕鶿捕魚業(yè).3.A music show will be held in the school hall at 4p.m. on Tuesday, 4 May. 5月4日星期二下午4點，將在學校大廳舉行音樂表演。說明：句1是一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，句2是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，句3是一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。英語的語態(tài)有主動和被動兩種：主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。1. 基本構(gòu)成 be

15、+過去分詞 Football is played all over the world. 足球風靡世界。 Is it made of bamboo? 它是用竹子做的嗎？2. 基本變法We Visited that factory last summer 主動語態(tài)主語 謂語 賓語 其余部分 That factory was visited by us last summer 被動語態(tài) 主語 謂語 賓語 其余部分賓語提前做主語，主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，謂語變?yōu)閎e+過去分詞，時態(tài)根據(jù)主動語態(tài)來確定。3.常見的幾種被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時 am/is/are(not)+過去分詞 English isnt

16、spoken by people here.一般過去時 was/were(not)+過去分詞 This book was written by Lu Xun.一般將來時 will/shal(not)l+be+過去分詞 Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever,現(xiàn)在進行時 am/is/are(not) being+過去分詞 Many trees are being cut down now現(xiàn)在完成時 have/has(not) been+過去分詞 Man-made satellites have been sent up in to space.含情態(tài)動

17、詞 can/may/must(not) be+過去分詞 All the exercises must be finished before 4p.m.4.省去by的幾個條件(1) 不知道、沒必要或不想說出動作的執(zhí)行者。 Rice is grown well there.(2) 強調(diào)說明動作的承受者 I was sent to teach them English.(3) 漢語中有“據(jù)說、大家說”等 It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house.5.各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài) am/is/are+過去分詞 I

18、 am often given gifts by Tom. The things on show are all made in China. Is the room cleaned everyday?(2) 一般過去時的被動語態(tài) was/were+過去分詞 Jim was asked to go there. The visitors were stopped from leaving the top of the mountain by the heavy snow.(3)一般將來時的被動語態(tài) will be+過去分詞或者am/is/are+過去分詞Lots of trees will b

19、e planted on the hill next year.The children wont be allowed to go out at night.Is the bridge going to be built by the workers next year?6.特殊情況：復合賓語的被動語態(tài) 感官動詞和使役動詞在主動句中，其后的動詞不定式不帶to，但變被動句時必須加上to. 主動：The boss made her work for 10 hours a day. 被動：she was made to work for 10 hours a day.練習：1. -Didnt yo

20、u see the sigh “No Parking!” on the right? -Sorry, I didnt. But now I know parking _ here.A.wasnt allowed B.isnt allowed C.wont allow D.doesnt allow2.Annie _ to the party. She had a wonderful time with us.A.invites B.is invited C.was invited D.has invited3.-A new park _ in our hometown next year. -R

21、eally? Our hometown must be more beautiful.A.will build B.will be built C.is built4.-Excuse me, Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself. -Sorry. The book you ask for is _ out.A.is selling out C.is sold C.was selling D.will be sold5. Each year quite a lot of food _ around the world. Its really time fo

22、r us to do something.A.was wasted B.is wasted C.wasted D.will be wasted6.Flowers _ along the road last year.A.plant B.planted C.are planted D.were planted7. It is said a new museum _ in our city next year.A.builds B.is building C.will be built D.was built8.-Does she like singing English songs? -Yes, she_ to sing Engl