2020高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1、高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法“介詞+which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，是定語(yǔ)從句一種介詞前置的定語(yǔ)從句句型，介詞與關(guān)系代詞之間存在一種介賓關(guān)系。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前，即演變出介詞+關(guān)系代詞”句型。例如：Themanwho/whom/thatyouspoketoisateacher.=Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.一、基本構(gòu)成1 .弁詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用 which(指物)或 whom(指人)，即：介詞+which/whom。(1)Themantowhomyouspokeisate

2、acher.(2)Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.(3)Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,inwhichtherearemanycartoons.注意：當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)，用在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2 .在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)介詞置于定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后時(shí)，可用 that/which(指物)；that/who/whom(指人)作介詞的賓語(yǔ).且此處關(guān)系代詞可以省略，特別是在口語(yǔ)中。如：(1)Theman(who/whom/that)youspoketoisateacher.(2)Thecity(which/that)sheliv

3、esinisfaraway.注：通常介詞放在定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞后，也可以放在關(guān)系代詞前面，但有些特殊動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)搭配不能拆分，介詞只能放在動(dòng)詞后，如：lookfor,lookafter,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,listento 等。Thisisthepen(that/which)youarelookingfor.Thepatient(who/whom/that)sheislookingafterisherfather.Thewordsthat/whichweshouldpayattentiontoarewrittenontheblackboard

4、.Therearefiftypatientswho/whom/thatwemusttakegoodcareof.二、關(guān)系副詞 when,where,why 可用介詞+which”來(lái)代替。關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞+先行詞。其中when=表時(shí)間的介詞(如：in,at,during 等)+which;Where=表地點(diǎn)的介詞(如：in,at,on,under 等)+which;Why=表原因的介詞(如：for)+which(1)當(dāng)先行詞表示時(shí)間，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞 when 引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示時(shí)間的介詞+which 來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞 when。Istillrememberthed

5、aywhenIcamehere.(ontheday=when=onwhich)(2)當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞 where 引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示地點(diǎn)的介詞+which 來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞 where。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.(inthehouse=where=inwhich)(3)當(dāng)先行詞為 reason,定語(yǔ)從句中缺少表示原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞 why 引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可以用forwhich 來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞 why。Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.三、關(guān)系代詞前介詞選

6、擇三原則：一先，二動(dòng)，三意義(重中之重)(forthereasons=why=forwhich)1 .一先，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.(ontheday)2 .二動(dòng)，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。ThisistheiPadonwhichIspent3000yuan.(spendmoneyonsth.)3 .三意義，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的意義來(lái)確定介詞。Thisismypairofglasses,withoutwhichIcannotseeclearly.例題：用介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的形

7、式表示1. Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?2. Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mosthadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.3. Thetowerpeoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.注意：介詞+關(guān)系代詞1)介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2)that 前不能有介詞。3)某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的介詞+關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞 when,where 和 why 互換。四、介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有 some,any,none,all,both,neither,

8、many,most,each,few 等代詞或者數(shù)詞。構(gòu)成：some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few+of+whom(人)/which(物)Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.他深深地愛(ài)著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.籃子里有好些蘋(píng)果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombi

9、gcities.Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.Herearemanybooks,twoofwhichheborrowed.這兒有許多書(shū),他借走了兩本。Iboughthimtwopiecesofclothing,neitherofwhichhelikes.我給他買了兩件衣服，他一件也不喜歡。練習(xí)：()1.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis(

10、)2.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.A.afterthatB.fromthatC.fromwhichD.afterwhich()3.GuncontrolisasubjectAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich()4.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhic

11、hC.towhichD.fromwhich()5.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyoflefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.whose()6.TheEnglishplaymystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.AforwhichBatwhichCinwhichDonwhich()7.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,the

12、sailingtimewas226days.()8.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenespeoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that()9.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich()10.Theplacetheb

13、ridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbethecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich()11.Ericreceivedtraininginthecomputerforoneyear,hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis()12.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,therewontbemu

14、chwork.A.whereB.thatC.bywhichD.withoutwhich()13.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom()14.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30pm,manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtime()15.WheneverImether,wasfairl

15、yoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that()16.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.A.themB.whoC.whomD.these()17.Manychildren,parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom()18.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acitynam

16、ewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.A.WhichB.ofwhichC.that二、根據(jù)句子意思，用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”填空。1.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.2.Themanyouaregoingtomakefriendsismyfathersneighbor.3.Theywillvisitthefarmmybrotherworks.4.Nearbyweretwocanoestheyhadcometotheisland.5.WuDong,Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.D.whoseA. ofwhichB. duringwhichC. fromwhichD. forwhich6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.7.IntheofficeIneverse