高中英語(yǔ) Unit4Earthquakes任務(wù)型閱讀測(cè)試訓(xùn)練 新人教版必修1

1、2013年高一英語(yǔ)精品測(cè)試訓(xùn)練：Unit 4 Earthquakes 任務(wù)型閱讀（人教版必修1）任務(wù)型閱讀閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在表格中的空白處填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。Passage 1What Should You Do When an Earthquake Hits?If you find the ground shaking beneath your feet，theres an international consensus on how you should act.Earthquake safety boils down to three basic s

2、teps：1.Drop to the ground.2.Take cover by getting under a sturdy desk or table.3.Hold on to it until the shaking stops.If there isnt a table or desk near you，drop to the ground in an inside corner of the building and cover your head and neck with your hands and arms.Do not try to run to another room

3、 just to get under a table.If you are in bed，hold on and stay there，protecting your head with a pillow.You are less likely to be injured staying where you are.Broken glass on the floor has caused injury to those who have rolled to the floor or tried to get to doorways.If you are outdoors，move to a c

4、lear area if you can safely do so；avoid power lines，trees，signs，buildings，vehicles，and other hazards：If youre at the movies or a sports game，stay at your seat and protect your head and neck with your arms.Dont try to leave until the shaking is over.Then walk out slowly watching for anything that cou

5、ld fall in the aftershocks.If youre driving a car，pull over to the side of the road，stop，and set the parking brake.Avoid overpasses，bridges，power lines，signs and other hazards.Stay inside the vehicle until the shaking is over.If a power line falls on the car，stay inside until a trained person remove

6、s the wire.If youre by the shore，drop，cover and hold on until the shaking stops.Estimate how long the shaking lasts.If severe shaking lasts 20 seconds or more，immediately evacuate to high ground as a tsunami （海嘯） might have been generated by the earthquake：1Vlove inland 3 kilometers（2 miles）or to la

7、nd that is at least 30 meters（100 feet） above sea level immediately. Dont wait for officials to issue a warning.Walk quickly，rather than drive，to avoid traffic,debris and other hazards.If you live downstream for a dam，you should know flood-zone information and have prepared an evacuation plan.Latast

8、rophie failure is unlikely，but dams can fail during major earthquakes.The main point is to try not to move and to immediately protect yourself as best as possible where you are.Earthquakes occur without any warning and may be so violent that you cannot run or crawl；you therefore will most likely be

9、knocked to the ground where you happen to be.You will never know if the initial jolt will turn out to be start of the big one.In addition，studies of injuries and deaths caused by earthquakes in the US over the last several decades indicate you are much more likely to be injured by falling or flying

10、objects（TVs，lamps，glass，bookcases，etc.）than to die in a collapsed building.“Drop，Cover and Hold on” offers the best overall level of protection.答案：1.Measures/Steps/Action 2.covered 3.or/otherwise/since 4.avoiding/not 5.supposed/expected 6.pull 7.escape 8.prepare 9.where 10.less Passage 2Events such

11、as hurricanes，earthquakes，floods，volcanic eruptions，and tornadoes are all natural disasters.They are mostly related to the weather.Some are predictablelike a hurricane.Some，like an earthquake，surprise us.It is necessary for us to learn about them，so we can be prepared! Flooding happens during heavy

12、rains，when rivers overflow，when ocean waves come onshore，when snow melts too fast or when dams or banks break.Flooding is the most common of all natural disasters.Hurricanes are severe tropical storms that form in the southern Atlantic Ocean，Caribbean Sea，Gulf of Mexico，and in the Pacific Ocean.Hurr

13、icanes gather heat and energy through contact with warm ocean waters.Evaporation from the sea water increases their power.Hurricanes have winds at least 74 miles per hour.When they come onto land，the heavy rain，strong winds and heavy waves can damage buildings，trees and cars.Tornadoes are natures mo

14、st violent storms.Tornadoes must always be taken seriously.Tornadoes can be very dangeroussometimes even deadly.They come from powerful thunderstorms and appear as moving.Tornado winds can reach 300 miles per hour.They cause damage when they land the ground.They can damage an area one mile wide and

15、50 miles long.While thunder wont hurt youlightning will! So its important to pay attention when you hear thunder.Thunderstorms happen mostly in summer and every thunderstorm has lightning.Lightning can strike people and buildings，which is very dangerous.Thunderstorms affect small areas when compared

16、 with hurricanes and winter storms.The typical thunderstorm is 15 miles in diameter and lasts an average of 30 minutes.A volcano is a mountain with a large opening at the top through which melting rock，steam，gases escape from time to time with violent force from inside the earth.When pressure increa

17、ses，eruptions occur.Gases and rock shoot up through the opening fill the air with small pieces.Eruptions can cause lava flows，hot ash flows，mudslides，falling ash and floods，which is likely to knock down entire forests，cause floods and earthquakes.Fresh volcanic ash can cause damage to the lungs of o

18、lder people，babies and people with respiratory problems.Terrible Natural DisastersNatural 1 ReasonsBasic featuresPossible damage toFloodingHeavy rainsThe most commonOcean 4 Snow meltsDams or banks breaks 2 Heavy 5 BuildingsStrong wind at least 74 miles per hour 7 and carsHeavy wavesTornadoesWind 300

19、 miles per hourA large 8 Dangerous，even 6 ThunderLightningPeople and 9 Volcanic 3 Pressure inside EarthGases and rock shoot upEntire 10 Cause floods and earthquakesThe peoples health答案：1.disasters 2.Hurricanes 3.eruptions 4.waves 5.rain 6.deadly 7.Trees 8.area 9.buildings 10.forests Passage 3Most sc

20、ientists are now certain that global warming is taking place.Gases such as carbon dioxide produced by burning of coal，oil，wood，together with industrial pollution，are creating a warm blanket around the earth.This blanket is trapping heat in the atmosphere and so raising the temperature of the earth.

21、The evidence for global warming can now be seen in the worlds changing climate statistics.In Europe，eight of the last ten years have seen record high temperature.For northern Europe，this has generally been a change for the better.Gardens can even now grow tropical plants in England，though London may

22、 never see a “White Christmas” again.On the other hand，the countries around the Mediterranean Sea，and those south of the Sahara desert are receiving even less rain than before.In sub-Saharan Africa the crops are drying out in the fields and people are dying of starvation.In the Americas，the climate

23、is becoming more extremethe summers are getting hotter and hotter and the storms are becoming more violent.In 1999 the southern United States was struck by a series of destructive hurricanes，while the end of 1999 saw the worst floods ever in Venezuela.Meteorologists expect such trends to continue，an

24、d indeed to worsen，if global warming cannot be halted （終止）. In addition to worrying about rising global temperatures and more extreme weather conditions，scientists are closely monitoring sea levels around the world.These are slowly rising，as the northern and southern polar ice-caps start to melt.Thi

25、s will have serious consequences for low-lying countries near the sea，such as the coral islands in the Pacific，and Bangladesh where the River Ganges already folds the delta （三角洲） every year.Already parts of these places are disappearing under the rising tides.Title：Global WarmingMain itemsContexts 1

26、 Gases from burning coal，oil，and wood with industrial pollution. 2 In European countries:Record high temperature in the last 3 .In the countries around the Mediterranean Sea:It is 4 less than before.In sub-Saharan Africa:The crops are drying out in the fields and people are 5 to death.In Americas: 6

27、 hot summers.More 7 storms and worst floods. 8 9 earth temperature 10 polar ice-caps答案：1.Causes/Reasons 2.Evidences 3.decade 4.raining 5.starving 6.Increasingly 7.violent/destructive 8.Consequences 9.Rising 10.MeltingPassage 4Becoming a fireman is a challenging and competitive job today.A firemans m

28、ain duty is being scheduled according to the fighting and extinguishment （撲滅） of fire which definitely requires being a strong man，both mentally and physically.The duty of a fireman involves protection of life and property of the public.They are the servicemen who are decisively selected by an organ

29、ization to deal with situations like fire.The duty of a fireman intentionally consists of helping innocent people in their time of need.Such type of jobs is one of those few jobs where service is provided for people when they need help immediately.This may include rescuing people from a building at

30、fire，providing them with medical facilities，extinguishing fire in a house or in a large commercial building.Serving people is the main intention of these professionals.The satisfaction which a fireman gets from this type of job cannot be compared to any other profession in the world.Such profession

31、demands top-level commitment and professionalism from those who have chosen it as a career.Fireman should possess the highest level of courage and patience to put their lives in danger for the sake of others.They undergo lessons of maintaining patience for long hours and go through complete preparat

32、ion to become successful and well-organized professional firemen.There are certain tests that are recommended before becoming a fireman.Its not that easy to become a fireman nowadays.A fireman is supposed to deal with unexpected situations，and they should be skilled at communicating with others and

33、be self-disciplined at the same time.In order to be a good fireman，one must undergo（經(jīng)歷，接受）strict local fire departments training program after passing all the tests.All the fire departments conclude a two-to-four-month course，including classroom training and practical training that cover firefighting techniques，fire avoidance，dangerous materials and urgent situation medical actions.Completing this training，trainees go through the departments trial period of service that can last from three to six months，depending on the methods of selection.Firemen