句子結(jié)構(gòu)成份講解

1、句子結(jié)構(gòu)成份講解1、主語： 就是一個句子陳述的對象， 或是動作的執(zhí)行者。 它回答的是“誰”“什 么”的問題。如：我看書。誰看書？ “我”?！拔摇本褪沁@句子的主語。主語由名詞或 相當(dāng)于名詞的詞充當(dāng)。（如動詞不定式，動名詞，代詞都可作主語，主語從句）主語（subject）:句子說明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.（名詞）_Helikes dancing.（代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history. （數(shù)詞）Seeing is believing.（動名詞）To see is to believe.（不定式）Whathe n

2、eeds is a book.（主語從句）It is very clear that the elephant is round andtall like a tree. （It 形式主 語，主語從句是真正主語）2、謂語：說明主語是什么，干什么，怎么樣。它回答的是主語“干什么，是什么”的問題。如上句中主語“我”干什么？“看書”。“看書”就是謂語部分。一個句子， 一般都可分成主、謂兩大部分（祈使句是省主句）。再細(xì)分又可分成謂語（動詞）、賓 語，表語，補(bǔ)語（包括賓補(bǔ)和主補(bǔ)），定語，狀語，同位語等。如第一例中謂語部分可劃分成謂語（看）和賓語（書）。謂語部分中心詞一定要是一個動詞，要么是行為動 詞，要

3、么是系動詞，不同的動詞構(gòu)成不同的句子類型。句子的各種時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化都在謂語動詞上變。謂語（predicate ）:說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。Westudy English.He is asleep.3、賓語：指謂語動詞所涉及的對象，由名、代、數(shù)，賓語從句等相當(dāng)于名詞的詞 句充當(dāng)，但人稱代詞要用賓格。如：還說上例。謂語動詞是“看”，看什么？看“書”， “書”是動詞“看”所涉及的對象，是“看”的賓語。需要說明的是：只有及物動詞和 介詞或相當(dāng)于及物動詞和介詞的短語才可帶賓語。賓語：1）動作的承受者-動賓I like China.（名詞）Hehates you.（代詞）Howmanydo yo

4、u need? Weneed two.（數(shù)詞）Weshould help the old andthe poor.（形容詞）I enjoy working with you.（動名詞）I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write downwhat he said?（賓語從句）2 ）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-介賓Are you afraid of the snake?Un der the snow, there are many rocks.3 ）雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.Give the

5、poor man some money.4、表語： 是和系動詞緊密相連的。 在陳述句中系動詞后面的就是表語， 這就是“主 系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。作表語的也是名詞性的詞，也可以是從句。表語（ predicative ）:系動 詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。Heis a teacher.（名詞）Seventy-four! Youdon t look it.（代詞）Five andfive is ten.（數(shù)詞）Heis asleep.（形容詞）His father is in.（副詞）The picture is on the wall.（ 介詞短語）Mywatch is gone/ missi

6、ng / lost.（形容詞化的分詞）To wear a flower is to say “ I mpoor, I can t buyaring.（不定式）（常見的系動詞有：be, sou nd（聽起來），look（看起來），feel（摸起來），smell（聞 起來）,taste （嘗、吃起來）,feel （感覺）It sounds a good idea.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.Now I feel tired.5、定語：修飾限定名詞、代詞的詞，說明所修飾詞的性質(zhì)、特征等，如 a tall

7、boy 中,tall 修飾 boy,tall 是 boy 的定語?？勺鞫ㄕZ的有形容詞、名詞、畐寸詞、定語從句、分 詞等。不定代詞的定語一律后置。定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Ai Ya nli ng is a chemistry teacher. （名詞） Heis our frie nd.（代詞）Webel on g to the third world.（數(shù)詞）He wasaJazboy a less on.（形容詞）The manover there is myoid friend.（ 畐寸詞）Thewomarwith a baby in her armsis mysist

8、er.（介詞）Theboys playing football are in Class 2.（現(xiàn)在分詞）I have something to eat.（不定式）6、狀語：修飾動詞、副詞、形容詞甚至整句，說明謂語動作發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)、 方式、伴隨狀況、目的等等。如：他在燈下看書。“在燈下”是狀語。7、補(bǔ)語：補(bǔ)充說明主語或賓語的成份，補(bǔ)充說明主語的叫主語補(bǔ)足語，補(bǔ)充賓語叫賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：他把我逗笑了。Hemademelaugh. 1）賓補(bǔ)：對賓語的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。Wecalled him monitor.（名詞）Wewill makethem happy.（形容詞）Please mak

9、eyourself at home.介詞短語）Don t let him do that.（省 to 不定式）His father asked him to teach me （帶to 不定式）Don t keep the lights burning.（現(xiàn)在分詞）2）主補(bǔ)：對主語的補(bǔ)充。He was elected monitor. She was foun d singing in the n ext room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesso n.答案（一 teacher man dictionary To do（二妙 BA CAC

10、 CD CAA（三homework.English.attentionwordsto go swimminghe wasill.him monitorbridge museumitschool.whoFather Christmasreally is.（四tired.worriedyellow. in terestedthe first（五）familygiventhirdsomedownstairsof the other shoe!other mach ine.（八us,間接賓語a story,直接賓語me,間接賓語 a new bike,直接賓語us,間接賓語 history,直接賓語T

11、om,間接賓語 it,直接賓語 me,間接賓語 message 直接賓語（六to read n ewspapers andbooks busplaying footballto take the boy（七on her face.Every nightwhen he was eleven.medic ine box un der herarmbecause she loves books.difficultLilyget on thetoo fast.With theif youve lost itto see the練習(xí)題:句子成分練習(xí)題（一）（一） .指出下列句中主語的中心詞（4 分，4

12、分鐘）1The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.2There is an old man coming here.3The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.4To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.（二）選出句中謂語的中心詞（10 分，10 分鐘）1I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B.

13、likeC. picture D. wall2The days get Ion ger and Ion ger whe n summer comes.A. get B. Ion ger C. days D. summer3Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus4There will be a meeti ng at the library this after noon.A. will be B. meet ing C. the library D. after noon5Did the twi ns ha

14、ve porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twi nsC. have D. breakfast6Tom did nt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. did ntC. do D. his homework7What I want to tell you is this.A. wa ntB. to tellC. you D. is8We had better send for a doctor.（三） 挑出下列句中的賓語（10 分，10 分鐘）1My brother has nt done his homework.

15、2People all over the world speak En glish.3You must pay good atte nti on to your pronun ciati on.4How many new words did you learn last class?5Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?6The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.7They made him mon itor of the class.8

16、Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.9You will find it useful after you leave school.10They did nt know who Father Christmas really is.（四）挑出下列句中的表語（5 分，5 分鐘）1The old man was feeli ng very tired.2Why is he worried about Jim?3The leaves have turned yellow.4Soon They all became

17、 interested in the subject.5She was the first to learn about it.A. We B. hadC. send D. doctor9He is in terested in music.A. is B. i nterested C. inD. music Whom did you give my book to?A. give B.didC. whom D. book（五）挑出下列句中的定語（6 分，6 分鐘）1They use Mr, Mrs with the family n ame.2What is your give n n am

18、e?3On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.4I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.5The man dow nstairs was tryi ng to sleep.6I am wait ing for the sound of the other shoe!（六）挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語（6 分，6 分鐘）1She likes the childre n to read n ewspapers and books in the read ing-room.2He asked her to take the boy out of school.3She found it difficult to do the work.4They call me Lily sometimes.5I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.6Did you see Li Ming play ing football on the playgro und just now?（七）挑出下列句