初中英語(yǔ)八大動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)講解

1、初中英語(yǔ)八大動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)講解動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一共有 16種，以ask為例，將其各種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式列表如下:現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)ask / asksaskedshall/will askshould/would ask進(jìn)行am/is/are askingwas/were askingshall/will be askingshould/would be asking完成have/has askedhad askedshall/will have askedshould/would have asked完成進(jìn) 行have/has been askinghad been askingshall/wil

2、l have been askingshould/would have been asking一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1、結(jié)構(gòu)肯定式：主語(yǔ)+ am /is/are +其他否定式：主語(yǔ)+ am/is/are +not + 其他一般疑問句式：Am /Is /Are + 主語(yǔ)+其他？簡(jiǎn)略回答：（肯）Yes,主語(yǔ) + am/ is /are （否）No,主語(yǔ) +am/is/are not肯定句式：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)+其他否定句式：主語(yǔ)+ （助動(dòng)詞） dont/doesnt +動(dòng)詞原形+其他一般疑問句式：Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他簡(jiǎn)略回答：（肯）Yes,主語(yǔ) +do/does（否）No,

3、主語(yǔ) +do/does not縮寫形式: dont = do notdoesnt = does not2、用法1）表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的副詞連用。常用的頻度副詞有：always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week （day, year, month ），once a week, on Sundays。頻度副詞在句中通常放在行為動(dòng)詞之前，系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。例如:He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天經(jīng)常游泳。I usually leave home for school at 7

4、 every morning. 每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開家。2）表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。例如：My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父親在工作，他很忙。The boy is twelve. 這男孩十二歲。3）表示主語(yǔ)具備的性格、特征和能力等。例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜歡足球。My sister is always ready to help others .我妹妹總是樂于助人。Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英語(yǔ)寫得不錯(cuò)，講的可不行。4）表示客觀真理，客

5、觀存在，自然現(xiàn)象。例如：The earth moves around the sun.地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中國(guó)東部。5）表示按計(jì)劃或安排好的，或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動(dòng)作，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。但只限于 start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place 等瞬間動(dòng)詞。例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開。He comes back tonight. 他今晚回來(lái)6）在復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從

6、句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：Ill tell him the news when he comes back.他回來(lái)時(shí)，我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談?wù)劶?xì)節(jié)。3、當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需加-s或-es：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在詞尾加-s,（清輔首后讀/ splayplays/ ,在濁輔首后讀/z/ ;在t后leaveleaves讀/ ts / ,在d后讀/ dz /。）swimswims以字母

7、s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾的詞加passpasses-es,讀/ iz/ ,如果動(dòng)詞原形詞尾fixfixes已后e,則只加-Soteachteacheswishwishesdodoes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，先變studystudiesy為i,再力口 -es,讀/ z /。carrycarriesflyflies注思：動(dòng)詞have的第二人稱單數(shù)是 寫出卜列動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱形式。has.1. cook2.watch3.build4.have5.wash6. enjoy7 go8 receive9 cry10. close11. drive12. choose13. play14. reach二

8、、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1、結(jié)構(gòu)肯定式：主語(yǔ)+ was/were +其他否定式：主語(yǔ)+ was/were +not + 其他一般疑問句式：Was/Were +主語(yǔ)+其他？ 簡(jiǎn)略回答：（肯）Yes,主語(yǔ) + was/were （否）No,主語(yǔ) + was/were not肯定句式：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他否定句式：主語(yǔ)+ （助動(dòng)詞）didn t +動(dòng)詞原形+其他一般疑問句式：Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他簡(jiǎn)略回答：（肯）Yes,主語(yǔ)+did（否）No,主語(yǔ)+did not2、用法1）表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday,just now, the other day

9、, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week（year, night, month ），at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time 等連用。在一般過(guò)去式 中，要表達(dá)“過(guò)多少時(shí)間之后，一般用after。例如：Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了 ？After a few years, she started to play the piano.幾年后，她開始彈鋼琴。2）表示在過(guò)去，經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與

10、often,always等表示頻度的副詞連用，且有 明確過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如: When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，常在馬路上踢足球。3） 一般過(guò)去式也可與today,this week,this month,this year等表現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但這些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)須指過(guò)去的時(shí)間，決不包含“現(xiàn)在”“此時(shí)此刻”的意思。例如：Did you see him today?今天你看見他了嗎?3、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變換規(guī)則構(gòu)成規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加 -ed,（在 清輔音后讀/ t / ;在濁輔音

11、和 元音后讀/ d/；在/t/,/d/后讀/ id/。look play worklooked played worked結(jié)尾是e的動(dòng)詞在末尾加-dlike live hopeliked lived hoped末尾只價(jià)-個(gè)輔音字母的重讀 閉音節(jié)，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母， 再加-edplan stop dropplanned stopped dropped結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+ y”的動(dòng)詞， 先變“ y”為“ I”再加-edstudy worry crystudies worries cries三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)1、結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句式：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形+其他否定句式：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形+

12、not+其他一般疑問句式：助動(dòng)詞Will+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他簡(jiǎn)單回答：在口語(yǔ)中， will在名詞或代詞后常縮為ll, Will not常簡(jiǎn)縮為won t。在疑問句中，主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)（I和we）時(shí)，常用助動(dòng)詞 shall。例如：She ll go to play basketball.她要去打籃球。Shall we go to the zoo?我們要去動(dòng)物園嗎？肯定句式：主語(yǔ)+be going to +動(dòng)詞原形+其他否定句式：主語(yǔ) +be not going to +動(dòng)詞原形+其他一般疑問句式：Be+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他簡(jiǎn)略回答：（肯）Yes,主語(yǔ)+be（否）No,主語(yǔ)+b

13、e not2、用法1）表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與 tomorrow, next day（week, month, year - ）, soon, in a few minutes, by , the day after tomorrow 等連用。例如：Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.2）表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：I ll come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我將每個(gè)星期六來(lái)看你。3）表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)于將來(lái)的看法、假設(shè)和推測(cè)，通常用 be afraid,

14、be/feel sure,hope,know,think 等后面的從句或與副詞perhaps,possibly,maybe等連用。例如：I think she ll go back home for supper.我想她會(huì)回家吃飯。Maybe she ll go to the gym.也許她會(huì)去體育館。4） be going to +不定式，表示將來(lái)。表示主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行某一行動(dòng)的打算意圖。這種打算常經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)先考慮并含有自己做好某些準(zhǔn)備的意思。即計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。例如： What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？The play is going to

15、be produced next month 。 這出戲下月開播。表示說(shuō)話人確信如此或有某種跡象表明某事即將發(fā)生。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，快要下雨了。5）注意：be going to和will之間的區(qū)別。兩者都用于預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)，be going to意指有跡象表明某件事將要發(fā)生，屬客觀的推測(cè)；will則意指說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為/相信某件事將要發(fā)生，屬主觀的推測(cè)。兩者在時(shí)間的發(fā)生上， be going to通常表示馬上要發(fā)生或相當(dāng)快就要發(fā)生的事情；而 will不指明任何具體時(shí)間，可以指遙遠(yuǎn)的未來(lái)。例如：He i

16、s gong in to be better.他的病就要好起來(lái)了。He will be better.他的病會(huì)好起來(lái)了。兩者都表示意圖時(shí)，be going to含有預(yù)先計(jì)劃、準(zhǔn)備的意思；will則指未經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)先思考或計(jì)劃，是臨時(shí)的一種決定。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，be going to表將來(lái),will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你將要去旅行，最好盡快做好準(zhǔn)備。Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you as

17、k her.如果你去問高老師，她會(huì)告訴你答案。6） be +不定式表將來(lái)，表示客觀安排或受人指示而將要做某事。例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。7） be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。 不能與tomorrow, next week等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。鞏固練習(xí)：1. Mrs. Brown is going to buy a digital camera.（對(duì)劃線部分提問）2 .My boss i

18、s going to fly to London on business the day after tomorrow. （用 often 改寫句子）3 .Sam will visit Brazil next week.（變成一般疑問句并否定回答）4 .他們今晚要去看足球賽。5 .金一家人什么時(shí)候去長(zhǎng)城啊？四、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1、結(jié)構(gòu)：would/should+ 動(dòng)詞原形was/were going to+ 動(dòng)詞原形2、用法：1）表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用于主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如：He said that he would finish his work befor

19、e 9 o clock.他說(shuō)他會(huì)在九點(diǎn)之前完成工作。2)表示過(guò)去的某種習(xí)慣，只要 would。例如： Whenever he has been in trouble,we would give him a hand.每當(dāng)他遇到困難時(shí)，我們總會(huì)伸出援助之手。鞏固練習(xí)：1、He said that he (come)back tonight.2、I thought it (rain) soon.五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1、結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1）表示現(xiàn)在（指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)）正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與 now,right now,at this moment 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

20、連用。例如： We are waiting for you now.我們正在等你。2）表示現(xiàn)階段（說(shuō)話前后一段時(shí)間內(nèi)），一直在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在寫另一部小說(shuō)。（說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。 ）He is thinking about this problem.這些天來(lái)他一直在考慮這個(gè)問題。3）表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，常與always, constantly, forever等詞連用，往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。例如： You are always changing your mi

21、nd. 你老是改變主意。4） 表示漸變， 這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。例如：The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越來(lái)越熱了。5）表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表移動(dòng)的終止性動(dòng)詞 （come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,return等）用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示即將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作。例如：Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。The train is arriving soon. 火車要到

22、了。3、V-ing變換規(guī)則規(guī)則原形-ing形式一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-inglistenlistening以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先 去掉e,再加-inghavepreparehaving preparing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，如果 末尾只什-個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)先雙 寫這個(gè)輔首字母，再加 -ingsit begin runsitting beginning running以ie為重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先 去掉e把i改為y,再加-ingliedielying dying以er結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，如是重讀音 節(jié)結(jié)尾，先雙寫r,再加-ing ;如 不是重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾，就直接加-ingprefer waterpr

23、eferring watering寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。1、win2、relax3、jump4、make5、 have6、talk7、tie8、 cheer9、enjoy 10、cry 11、come_12、fit 鞏固練習(xí)1. Bruce often writes letters in English. (用 now 改寫句子)2、They are surfing.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)3、瞧，那些孩子們玩的真高興！用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。2. Uncle Wang usually(go) to work by bike.3. Be quiet ! The patient(sleep).

24、3、Look, a number of Young Pioneers(plant) trees over there.4、Emily often(help) her mother(wash) clothes on Sunday.5、(not be) afraid, I(show) you how to reach the station.6、What you(do) the day after tomorrow ?7、There(be) an important meeting in two days.8、My aunt (join) the Party in 1995.六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1、構(gòu)成

25、：was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing)2、用法：1)表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候，我正在收拾東西去露營(yíng)。2) 表移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，可以表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.她告訴我她將去海南度假。3)在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句

26、中，表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生之后，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時(shí)，正下著雨。When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到達(dá)山頂時(shí)，陽(yáng)光燦爛。4)在敘述或描寫過(guò)去的事情時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常與其它過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，特別時(shí)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。但是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)往往是表示背景。例如： One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house a

27、nd cutoff the electricity.一天晚上，他正在書房里打字。突然，一個(gè)人闖進(jìn)屋來(lái)，切斷了電源鞏固練習(xí)：1、Mary a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes2、As she the newspaper, Granny asleep.B. read ; was fallingB. was reading ; fellC. was reading； was falling D. read; fell七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1、構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞 have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞2、現(xiàn)在

28、完成時(shí)的用法1）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與 already, yet, ever, never, just, before等詞連用。例如：Have you ever cooked at home?你吃晚飯了 嗎？You have already grown much taller.你已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)高了許多。2）表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并可能還要延續(xù)。往往和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，常用的有：for +一段時(shí)間；since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句。（Since用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度），提問用How long.例如：It has b

29、een five years since he joined the army .他參軍五年了。They have learned English for eight years .他們已學(xué)了八年的英語(yǔ)了。3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)需注意的問題：表示短暫性的動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop 等。例如： He has joined the army for five years. （錯(cuò)誤）He has been in the army f

30、or five years.（正確）非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。例如：I have received his letter for a month.（錯(cuò)）I havent received his letter for almost a month. （對(duì)）不能和明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday,last week,in 1998,two days ago等。4） have/has been to 和 have/has gone to 的區(qū)另U ：have/has gone to：是說(shuō)去某地方了，即在那個(gè)地方或者是在去那個(gè)地

31、方的途中Have/has been to：去過(guò)什么地方，即現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那個(gè)地方了例如：Mr.Li has gone to Lanzhou 去了蘭州（現(xiàn)在在蘭州或者在去蘭州的路上）I have never been to Beijing去過(guò)北京（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在北京了）3、過(guò)去分詞的變換：過(guò)去分詞的規(guī)則變化與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化相同，在動(dòng)詞t尾加-ed;不規(guī)則變化的過(guò)去分詞見教科書末頁(yè)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式。1、bring 2、catch 3、do 4、find5、eat 6、get 7、forget 8、cut9、pay 10、know 11、buy 12、see13、come 14

32、、sleep 15、spend 16、tell 4、比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，不和現(xiàn)在發(fā)生聯(lián)系，常與具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last week,ago, in1980, in October, just now 等；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，不能與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了）I have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）Why did you get up

33、so early?（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了）He has been a League member for three years.（強(qiáng)調(diào)他是團(tuán)員）鞏固練習(xí)：1、-Do you know our town at all?-No, this is the first time I here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming2、-Have you been to our town before?-No, its the first time I here.A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come3、Do you know?A. how long has he lived hereB. how long he has lived hereC. he has lived here how longD. he has lived how long h