SAT 主謂一致

1、在SAT考試中，主謂一致這個考點占了一定的比例。就拿新版OG來說，十套題共有490道語法題，其中改進段落題（Improving Paragraphs）有60道，改進句子題（Improving Sentences）和句子挑錯題（Identifying Sentence Errors）共430道。IP里面很少出主謂一致的題目，但在IS和ISE的題目里主謂一致這一考點就占了9%左右，也就是說，10套題里面平均每套就有4道考主謂一致的題目?？赡苡械耐瑢W覺得，每套題有49道題考語法，那么錯這4道主謂一致題沒什么，更何況還有容錯率。但是，如果同學們并不能保證剩下的45道語法題都能做對，那么請每一位同學都嚴

2、肅認真對待這4道主謂一致題，更不要把容錯率當成資本暗自僥幸，量變到質(zhì)變，沒有局部哪來整體？沒有這些小分的累積何來高分？所以一定不能掉以輕心。 主謂一致主要考察的是主語和謂語要保持數(shù)的一致，也就是說考查主語和謂語動詞的單復數(shù)對應。謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是用復數(shù)，這不僅僅取決于主語的單復數(shù)形式，有的時候還要看懂主語的單復數(shù)意義，更在有些時候，要揭開廬山真面目，找到句子中真正的主語。這就是主謂一致主要遵循的三個原則：語法一致，意義一致，就近原則。 語法一致是什么意思呢？其實就是根據(jù)主語的單復數(shù)來確定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)，在語法上保持一致。比如，2009年5月份考過這樣一道題：Turquoise-inland

3、frog and bird figures seems to have played an important role in prehistoric ceremonies in what is now the southwestern United States. A. seems to have played an important role B. seems to have played important roles C. seems to be playing an important role D. seem to have played important roles E. s

4、eeming to be playing important roles 這道題目的劃線部分的第一個詞就是動詞，同學們在做題時就應該立刻問自己這道題是不是在考主謂一致？然后縱觀答案，會發(fā)現(xiàn)這五個答案中，“seem”的形式有所變化，后面的“role”單復數(shù)也有變化，“role”前面有“an”后面用“important role”，前面沒有“an”后面則用“important roles”，很明顯，這并沒有錯。那么一定是“seem” 有問題，先看主語，主語其實是figures，形象，什么形象呢？內(nèi)陸的這種青綠色的青蛙和鳥的形象，figures是復數(shù)形式，所以謂語動詞一定要用原形，所以答案選D。因為

5、主語是復數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用原形，如果主語是單數(shù)，那么謂語動詞也用單數(shù)，這就是所謂的語法一致。 意義一致，是說有的時候主語看似是復數(shù)，但其實是單數(shù)，這就要考慮主語的單復數(shù)意義了。比如在OC和OG里分別出現(xiàn)過octopus和Uranus這兩個詞，以及SAT要掌握的其中一個詞匯aesthetics，像這三個名詞都是單數(shù)形式復數(shù)意義，當它們作主語時，就不能被它們的外表所迷惑，而要考慮他們的意思，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。比如，Uranus is the father of Jupiter, Plato and Neptune in the Rome Mythology. Uranus看上去像個復數(shù)名詞其實

6、不然，它是天王星的意思，在這里，做題時就應該考慮主語表達的意思。 就近原則，主要是在強調(diào)主語和謂語在一些特殊的短語中的一致，比如，neithernor，eitheror，notbut，not onlybut also等等。這些短語如果運用在陳述語序中，主語都是接近謂語動詞的那個名詞或代詞。比如，Neither Lucy nor I am going to his birthday party。這里面的謂語動詞就取決于I而不是Lucy。如果把我和Lucy的位置換一下，那么就應該是Neither I nor Lucy is going to his birthday Party。再比如在倒裝句th

7、ere be中的主謂一致也要運用就近原則。舉個例子，there is a pen.這句話的主語并不是there，而是a pen，用陳述句語序來說，應該是a pen is there.如果是兩支鉛筆一支鋼筆，就該說there are two pencils and a pen.如果是一支鋼筆和兩支鉛筆就成了there is a pen and two pencil.所以，在倒裝句中，要找到真正的主語。除了這三種基本原則以外，還有一些小原則。比如遇到一些介詞短語像along with、together with，一旦出現(xiàn)且在考察主謂一致的時候應該采用就遠原則來做，比如, Lily along wi

8、th her friends is watching the film 2012 now。這里的謂語動詞用了is watching，是因為句子真正的主語是Lily而不是her friends，along with her friends在這句話里做了Lily的后置定語，修飾限定了Lily，是說她不是一個人看，而是和她的朋友一起看。在這句話里，我們可以調(diào)整后置定語的位置，Lily is watching the film 2012 now along with her friends。如果把這個句子的主語Lily換成I，那么謂語部分就應該是am watching，那么這句話就是I along w

9、ith my friends am watching the film 2012 now。同樣也可以說成I am watching the film 2012 along with my friends。關于主謂一致，大家要掌握好語法一致、意義一致和就近原則以及后面講的這些小原則，做到“夫唱婦隨”，無論主語唱的單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，謂語動詞都要保持著相應的形式忠貞不渝的追隨著?？偟膩碚f，找對主語就能做對題。主語是復數(shù)形式復數(shù)意義，那么謂語動詞就用動詞原形；主語是復數(shù)形式的時候，要確定它的單復數(shù)意義，若是單數(shù)意義就要用謂語動詞的單數(shù)形式，若是復數(shù)意義就用謂語動詞的原形；在倒裝句中，找對主語，再根據(jù)就近原

10、則或是就遠原則來決謂語動詞的單復數(shù)。1. 就前原則(1) N1 of N2 verb（SAT考試中動詞的單復數(shù)與N1有關，與N2無關）如： a group of students are the details of the problems are例：The bright (A) fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received (B) critical acclaim not only (C) in his home state, New Mexico, but also in (D) New York. No error (E). (P

11、161.1)(2) 名詞1+介詞+名詞2 如：students in the classroom名詞，插入語，verb名詞+doing/done 如：students studying hard例：Flints found in (A) the region extending from the Nile Valley to (B) the highlands of eastern Iraq attests to (C) the presence of people there as long ago as (D) one hundred thousand years. No error (E

12、). (P166.3)2.欲擒故縱法動詞單復數(shù)做題基本原則是就前原則，如果句子太長、太難、太復雜時，用欲擒故縱法。3.動詞單復數(shù)的特殊固定用法(1) a number of 一些；一般情況下其后動詞用復數(shù)，（不受任何規(guī)律限制）；the number of 的數(shù)量；其后的動詞在任何情況下都用單數(shù)。量詞考點：a group/list/line of 使用就前原則(2) 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：就后原則。如：here comes the busa. 地點狀語+動詞+主語b. Only置于句首的倒裝例：In the foothills of that large mountain range is (A) the

13、sources of a river whose course (B) was not fully mapped (C) until (D) this century. No error (E). (P 776.19)例：Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B) only recently has (C) the harmful effects of noise pollution become (D) known. No error (E). (P167.64.名詞集合名詞

14、：family, group, stuff, team, community，只要這些詞以單數(shù)結(jié)尾，后面的謂語動詞都用單數(shù)。people, cattle, police ：其后的謂語動詞用復數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的詞：means, species, news以cs結(jié)尾的詞：physics, mathematics，不表示復數(shù)，是單數(shù)。以us結(jié)尾的詞：octopus（章魚）, platypus（鴨嘴獸）, -saurus（恐龍）考點：名詞的單復數(shù)主謂一致百科名片語法形式上要一致,即用作主語的名詞中心詞和謂語動詞在單、復數(shù)形式上一致。 意義上要一致,即主語和謂語的一致關系取決于主語的單、復數(shù)意義。 就近原則，

15、即謂語動詞的單復形式取決于最靠近它的詞語，目錄：典型例題 表里不一現(xiàn)象 以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致問題 集合名詞的主謂一致 原則 語法一致 意義一致 就近原則主謂一致指“人稱”和“數(shù)”方面的一致關系。對大多數(shù)人來說，往往會在掌握主語和隨后的謂語動詞之間的一致問題上遇到困難。一般情況下，主謂之間的一致關系由以下三個原則的支配： 語法一致原則 (grammatical concord) 意義一致原則 (notional concord) 就近原則 (principle of proximity)典型例題1 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時謂語用復數(shù) Reading and writing are very

16、important. 注意： 當主語由and連結(jié)時，如果它表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞，共用一個冠詞用單數(shù)，表示一人兼兩職。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注: 先從時態(tài)上考慮.這是過去發(fā)生的事情應用過去時,先排除A.,C.本題易

17、誤選D,因為The League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個人,但仔細辨別, monitor 前沒有the,在英語中,當一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務前加定冠詞.后面的職務用and 相連.這樣本題主語為一個人,所以應選B. 2 主謂一致中的就近原則 當there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時,謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致. There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the c

18、lass. 總的來說，在由not onlybut also, not justbut, or, eitheror, neithernor連接主語的句子中及在there be句型中，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)按就近原則處理，即按與謂語動詞最靠近的那個主語來確定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式。如： Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week. Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3 謂語動詞與前面的主語一致 當主語后面跟有w

19、ith, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語一致. The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4 謂語需用單數(shù) 1) 代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復合代詞作主語,或主語中含有each, every, 謂語需用單數(shù). Each of us has a tape-recorder.

20、There is something wrong with my watch. 2) 當主語是一本書或一條格言時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù). The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書. 3) 表示金錢,時間.距離.價格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語時,通常把這些名詞看作一個整體,謂語一般用單數(shù).(用復數(shù)也可,意思不變.) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. 5 指代意義決定謂語的單復

21、數(shù) 1) 在代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復數(shù)決定. All is right. (一切順利.) All are present. (所有人都到齊了.) 2) 集體名詞作主語時,謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定.如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后用復數(shù)形式時,意為這個集體中的各個成員,用單數(shù)時表示該個集體. His family isnt very large. 他家不是一個大家庭. His family ar

22、e music lovers. 他的家人都是音樂愛好者. 但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin(害蟲)等在任何情況下都用復數(shù)形式. Are there any police around 3)有些名詞,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時看作單數(shù),有時看作復數(shù). A number of +名詞復數(shù)+復數(shù)動詞. The number of +名詞單數(shù)+單數(shù)動詞. A number of books have lent out. The majo

23、rity of the students like English. 6 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致 1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等詞引起主語時,動詞通常與of后面的名詞,代詞保持一致. Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2) 在一些短語,如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時,謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式.但由more than of 作主語時,動詞應與其后的

24、名詞或代詞保持一致. Many a person has read the novel. 許多人都讀過這本書. More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學生都來自這個城市. 編輯本段表里不一現(xiàn)象主謂一致中的表里不一現(xiàn)象 和主語必須在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,最基本的原則是:單數(shù)主語用單數(shù)動詞,復數(shù)主語用復數(shù)動詞.但在實際使用當中情況比較復雜,現(xiàn)在學生常犯的主謂一致錯誤歸納整理如下 1,more than one +名詞作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù).例如: More than one teacher gets the f

25、lowers. 不止一個教師得到了花. 2, many a +名詞作主語時,從意義上看是復數(shù),但謂語動詞常用單數(shù).例如: Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多學生被派去植樹. 3,half of, the rest of, most of, all of及百分數(shù)或分數(shù)+of 等后接名詞作主語時,謂語動詞形式根據(jù)of后的名詞而定.例如: Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三為水所覆蓋. 4,all指人時,動詞用復數(shù);all指物時,動

26、詞用單數(shù).例如: All are present and all is going well. 所有人全部到場了,一切進展順利 5,what引導的主語從句,謂語動詞可視表語而定:表語是單數(shù)名詞時,動詞用單數(shù),相反,則用復數(shù).例如: What they want to get are a number of good books.他們想得到的是大量的好書. 6,and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞前若用each,every,no修飾,該名詞短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.例如: No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.書包里沒有書和鋼筆. 7,當主語后面有

27、as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except，逗號加and連接幾個名字等引導的短語時,謂語動詞要與最前面的主語保持一致.例如: My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父親和他的同事曾去過北京. 8,each作主語的同位語時, 謂語動詞由主語來決定,與each無關.例如: They each have a bike. 他們每人有一輛自行車. 9,動詞不定式,動詞-ing形式短語作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù).例如: Go

28、ing out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚飯后出去散步是一個好習慣. 10,the following作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)與后面名詞的數(shù)保持一致.例如: The following are good examples下面是一些好例子. 11,以-ics結(jié)尾的學科名詞,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).以-s結(jié)尾的名詞news, works, plastics等同屬此類.例如: Politics is now taught in all schools. 現(xiàn)在各學校都開設政治課. 當以-

29、ics結(jié)尾的學科名詞表示學科以外的意義時，用作復數(shù)，如：mathematics（運算能力）politics(政治觀點)economics（經(jīng)濟意義）等 12,有些用來表示由兩個對應部分組成一體的名詞復數(shù)(trousers, glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主語時,前面若有一條,一副,一把之類的單位詞,動詞用單數(shù);若沒有單位詞或單位詞是復數(shù),則謂語動詞用復數(shù).例如: The shoes are all right. 這些鞋子都很合適. 還有一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞通常用復數(shù)：arms（武器）.clothes.contents.minites（記錄）.re

30、mains（遺體）.thanks等 13,one and a half +名詞作主語時,謂語動詞要用復數(shù).例如: One and a half apples are left on the table. 桌子上有一個半蘋果. 14,One or two more +復數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù).例如: One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一兩個人到那兒去給他們幫忙. 15,one of+復數(shù)名詞+ 定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句的謂語動詞要用復數(shù);而在the only one of +復數(shù)名詞+定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)

31、中,定語從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù).例如: He is one of the students who get there on time.他是準時到達那里的學生之一. 16,表示時間,距離,金錢等的復數(shù)名詞作主語表達一個整體概念時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù),但若強調(diào)數(shù)量,謂語動詞可用復數(shù).例如: One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百萬美元是一大筆錢.以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致問題四、 英語可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則復數(shù)形式是在詞尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞并不是可數(shù)名詞。它們用法多樣，造成了實際使用上的困難，以下詳述了以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語的主謂一

32、致問題。 （一）以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱作主語的主謂一致問題 （二）以-s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱作主語的主謂一致問題 （三）以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱作主語的主謂一致問題 （四）以-ics結(jié)尾的學科名稱作主語的主謂一致問題 （五）其它以-s結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致問題 （一）以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱作主語的主謂一致問題 以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱作主語的主謂一致問題,如：arthritis,bronchitis,diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets,這類以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱作主語時，謂語動詞通常用作單數(shù)。 例如： Arthritis causes great pain in the joints

33、of the patient. （二）以-s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱作主語的主謂一致問題 以-s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱作主語時，謂語動詞通常用作單數(shù)。 例如： Darts is basically a easy game. 但當Darts，Marbles等的意義為游戲器具而非游戲名稱時，謂語動詞通常用作復數(shù)。 例如： Three darts are thrown at each turn. All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw. （三）以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱作主語的主謂一致問題 某些以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱，如果是國名，如the United St

34、ates，the Netherlands等，因其是單一政治實體，所以謂語動詞用作單數(shù)。 例如： The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s. In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976. 但如果是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱作主語，謂語動詞用作復數(shù)。例如： The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts. （四）以-ics結(jié)尾的學科名稱作主語的主謂一致問題

35、 某些以-ics結(jié)尾的學科名稱作主語時，如physics,mathematics,mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 謂語動詞通常用作單數(shù)。 例如： The third world economics is promising. Athletics is a required course for students of all grades. 但如果這類名詞表示學科以外的其它含義，可作復數(shù)用。 例如： Athletics have been greatly

36、 encouraged at this college. （五）其它以-s結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致問題 A.以-s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名稱作主語 英語中有一些通常以-s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名詞，如glasses, pincers,pliers,scissors, shorts,suspenders,trouse等 編輯本段集合名詞的主謂一致集合名詞作主語時,主謂一致關系是一個較為復雜的問題.對此類問題我們可以從數(shù)的角度分為四類. 1)單數(shù)復數(shù)型.凡是有復數(shù)詞尾變化形式的集合名詞都屬于此類.如:a classclasses; a familyfamilies; a governmentgov

37、ernments; an armyarmies; a peoplepeoples; a groupgroups; a crowdcrowds; a crewcrews等.這類集合名詞強調(diào)的是整體性,即當作一個整體或多個整體來看待.屬于這類集合名詞的單數(shù)作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);復數(shù)形式作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù). 【例如】 A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning. The government has decided to pass the bill. There are huge crowds in the streets o

38、n Sunday. There are many English-speaking peoples in the world. 但應注意,這類集合名詞的單數(shù)形式有時表示復數(shù)概念,所以這些集合名詞的單數(shù)形式也可歸為單復同形型中. 2)單數(shù)型.這類集合名詞表示的是人或事物的整體,即把這類人或事物的全部包括在內(nèi),所以只有單數(shù)形式.如作主語,謂語動詞常用單數(shù).這類名詞常見的有:humanity, mankind, proletariat等. 【例如】The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the field

39、s of production and scientific experiment, mankind makes constant progress. 3)復數(shù)型.這類集合名詞在形式和內(nèi)容上是相互矛盾的,就是說它們只有單數(shù)形式,但表達的都是復數(shù)概念.它強調(diào)的是集體中的個體性.這類名詞有:police, cattle, faculty, flock, machinery, vermin, personnel等.它們作主語時,謂語動詞要用復數(shù). 【例如】The police have caught the murder. Our personnel are very highly trained.

40、 The vermin are very dangerous. 4)單復同形型.這類集合名詞的單數(shù)形式既可表示單數(shù)也可表示復數(shù).作主語時,用單數(shù)動詞或復數(shù)動詞均可,有時意義區(qū)別不大. 【例如】The school teaching staff are (is) excellent. The public is (are) requested not to litter in the park. The teaching profession claim(s) to be badly paid. 這類集合名詞常見的有:class, family, team, crew, board, herd,

41、 committee, party, jury, enemy, audience等. 根據(jù)說話人的心理意向若把這個集合名詞所代表的人或事物看作一個整體,就認為是單數(shù),用單數(shù)動詞;若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干個個體的話,就認為其為復數(shù),用復數(shù)動詞. 試比較:The football team is playing well. 那個足球隊打得非常漂亮. The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea. 足球隊員們正在洗澡,然后來這里吃茶點. The family is a very happy o

42、ne.那個家庭是一個非常幸福的家庭. That family are very pleased about the news of Williams success. 全家人對威廉的成功都感到很高興. 編輯本段原則主謂一致( Subject-Verb Concord ) 主謂一致的問題看上去似乎很簡單,其實使用起來卻不是那么容易,有時候甚至很復雜. 這是因為在不同情況下,處理這一問題所依據(jù)的原則各不相同.就其在現(xiàn)代語法中的基本原則而言,通常有三個不同角度的著眼點:1,語法一致 2,意義一致 3,就近原則. 語法一致主謂一致的原則是指,主語和謂語從語法形式上取得一致:主語是單數(shù)形式,謂語也采取單

43、數(shù)形式;主語是復數(shù)形式,謂語亦采取復數(shù)形式.例如: A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language. (主語是單數(shù)形式,謂語也采取單數(shù)形式) 語法書幫助你學習語言的某些規(guī)則. Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language. (主語是復數(shù)形式,謂語也采取復數(shù)形式) 語法書幫助你學習語言的某些規(guī)則. 主語和謂語從語法形式上取得一致的問題遠不只上述的那么簡單,有許多方面的情況需要去具體地對待: #不定式,動名詞,以及

44、從句作主語時應看作單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù).例如: Reading often means learning .讀書常意味是學習. To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨朗讀英語有許多好處. What he said has been recorded .他說的話已被錄音了. # 不定代詞one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many

45、a 等作主語或是修飾主語時應看作單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù).例如: Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中沒人喜歡運動. Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.許多學生晚飯后常在校園里散步. Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra-curriculum activities .每個男孩和女孩對課外活動都表現(xiàn)出很大的興趣. # 表示國家,機構(gòu),事件,作品等名稱的專有名詞作主語時應看作單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù).例如: One Thousand

46、And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore . 一千零一夜給人們講了許多神秘的民間傳說. The United States is leading the world in science and technology . 美國常在世界科技方面領先. The United Nations play an important role in the international affairs . 聯(lián)合國在國際事務中起著重要作用. # a portion, a series of, a kind of, the n

47、umber of等與名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語作主語時應看作單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù).例如: A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition. 一系列高科技產(chǎn)品已在展覽上展出. The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death. 近來一些書籍里印刷錯誤的數(shù)量讓人吃驚得要命. A substantial portion of the reports is missing .這些報告都沒

48、有提及實質(zhì)問題. A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.這座花園里有一種玫瑰香氣怡人. # 由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等詞修飾主語,或是由它們自身作主語時應看作復數(shù),謂語動詞用復數(shù).另外,由and連接兩個主語時,謂語一般用復數(shù).例如: On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun. 海邊,有些人在打排球,有些人躺著曬太陽. Both of us are

49、fond of watching football games .我們倆都喜歡看足球賽. A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China. 許多即將畢業(yè)的學生打算自愿去中國西部工作. # 有些短語,如:a lot of, most of, any of, half of , three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可數(shù)名詞,或是單數(shù)形式的名詞作主語時應看作單數(shù),謂語動

50、詞用單數(shù);但如果后接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式作主語時應看作復數(shù),謂語動詞用復數(shù).例如: A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off. 昨天突然斷電時,那家商店丟失了許多錢. A lot of books about Investment Fund have been published recently. 最近出版了許多關于投資基金的書籍. 意義一致( Notional Concord ) 這一原則是指,從意義著眼來解決主謂一致問題.有時主語形式上為單數(shù),但意義上卻

51、是復數(shù),那么謂語依意義也用復數(shù)形式;而有時主語形式上為復數(shù),但意義上卻是單數(shù),那么謂語依意義亦用單數(shù)形式. 1) 當主語后面接由as well as, as much as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than,no less than, rather than, together with等引導的詞組時,其謂語動詞的形式要依主語的單復數(shù)而定.在這樣的句子里,這些詞所引導的詞組不影響主語自身的單,復數(shù)形式,它們在句子里其實是狀語.也就是說,我們完全可以將這些詞組搬到句首或是放到句末去.從表面上我們也可以看出,它們與主語之間有

52、,隔開.例如: Petroleum, along with fuel gas, has recently risen in price. 最近石油和燃料煤氣的價格上漲了. The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老師打算這個周末與學生們一起去野炊. The students, together with their teacher , are going to have a picnic this weekend.學生們打算這個周末與他們的老師一起去野炊. The warehouse,

53、 with all its stockings, was burned last night. 昨晚,那個倉庫連同其所有的貨物一起被燒毀了. 我們完全可以將上面句子中的那些詞組都分別搬到句首或是放到句末去,因為它們在句子里是狀語: Petroleum has recently risen in price, along with fuel gas. Along with fuel gas, petroleum has recently risen in price. The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together wi

54、th their teacher. As well as the suitcase, the missing things have been found and returned to the owner. The missing things have been found and returned to the owner, as well as the suitcase. 2) 表示時間,金錢,距離,體積,重量,面積,數(shù)字等詞語作主語時,其意義若是指總量應看作單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù);但如果其意義是指有多少數(shù)量則應該看作是復數(shù),那么謂語動詞也應該用復數(shù).例如: Four weeks are

55、 often approximately regarded as one month. 人們常大約地將四個星期看成一個月. Twenty years stands for a long period in ones life. 二十年在人的一生里意味著一個很長的時期. Eighty dollars are enough for a student to spend on food for one week.八十塊錢給一個學生吃一個月的伙食是足夠的了. 3) 形容詞前加定冠詞即the + 形容詞作主語時,其意義若是指個人或是抽象概念應看作單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù);但如果其意義是指一類人則應該看作是復

56、數(shù),那么謂語動詞也應該用復數(shù).例如: The young, on the one hand, often think of the old conservative. On the other hand, the old always consider the young inexperience. 一方面,青年人常認為老年人保守;另一方面,老年人總是認為青年人沒有經(jīng)驗. In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are doomed to unfortunate. 在許多故事里,好人總是有好報;壞人注定要倒霉. 4)當and連接兩個并列主語在意義上指同一人,同一物