規(guī)培要求 文獻(xiàn)翻譯英譯漢2

1、Thyroid cancer detection significance of Bcl-2Abstract Objective To investigate the expression of Bcl-2 in the incidence of thyroid cancer, development and prognosis.Methods immunohistochemical methods, mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies to Bcl-2 mark 77 cases of thyroid cancer, 58 cases of thyr

2、oid adenoma and 40 cases of adjacent thyroid tissue and 28 cases of normal thyroid tissue. observe the different thyroid tissue expression of Bcl-2, and compare the positive rate of Bcl-2 positive results seen in thyroid cancer, thyroid adenoma and adjacent thyroid tissue. in thyroid carcinoma Bcl-2

3、 positive rate was 45.5%, higher than the thyroid adenoma (22.4%) (P = 0.006), adjacent thyroid tissue (17.5%) (P = 0.003) and normal thyroid Organizations (0) (P = 0.000). anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and follicular carcinoma of the Bcl-2 positive rate was significantly higher. presence lymph node

4、metastasis and clinical stage , cases, Bcl-2 positive rate significantly increased. Conclusions Bcl-2 overexpression may be associated with the occurrence of thyroid tumors, cancer tissue expression of Bcl-2 can be used as a reference indicator of thyroid cancer prognosis. Keywords: Thyroid Can

5、cer, Bcl-2 Gene, Proto-Oncogenes, Gene Expression, ImmunohistochemistryThyroid cancer is a common endocrine cancer, women with a high incidence of clinical thyroid tumors in 5% to 10% of thyroid cancer 1 which differentiated thyroid cancer accounts for 90 percent, including papillary thyroid carcino

6、ma and follicular thyroid carcinoma , undifferentiated carcinoma are rare, its high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis. domestic data show that the incidence of thyroid cancer in a significant increase in 2 In recent years, thyroid cancer-related genes and tumor marker studies progressed very q

7、uickly. study confirmed 3,4, Bcl-2 gene is an apoptosis suppressor gene, first discovered in follicular B-cell lymphomas, and its product Bcl-2 protein inhibits apoptosis and prolong cell survival. The Studies using immunohistochemical techniques, by detecting Bcl-2 in thyroid cancer, thyroid adenom

8、a, thyroid cancer tissue and normal thyroid tissue levels of Bcl-2 study in thyroid cancer incidence in the development process role in order to reveal the Bcl-2 and thyroid cancer biological behavior and prognosis of relationships. 1 Materials And Methods1.1 MaterialsAll specimens were obtaine

9、d from Peking University Shenzhen Hospital General Surgery from 2001 to 2009 cases of thyroid surgery between specimens, including: thyroid cancer, 77 cases (28 males and 8 females, mean 50 years), 58 cases of thyroid adenoma (male 22 cases, 36 females, mean 36 years), while taking 40 cases of adjac

10、ent thyroid tissue (10 males and 30 females, with an average 37 years old, had no diagnosed by pathological examination of thyroid cancer invasion), 28 cases of normal thyroid tissue ( 9 males and females l9 cases, mean 35 years). pair of 77 cases of thyroid cancer histological classification accord

11、ing to WHO criteria: 55 cases of papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma l4 cases, undifferentiated carcinoma in 8 cases, according to standard clinical AJCC staging : I period of 30 cases, 23 cases, of 16 cases, of eight cases, of which 33 patients with lymph node metastasis, no lymph node metast

12、asis in 44 cases. specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution, embedded in paraffin buried, routine biopsy, 60 baking sheet 2 h, 37 overnight reserve. 1.2 Immunohistochemistry ReagentsBcl-2 mouse anti-human monoclonal antibody, for the United States ZYMED company's products. SP-9000

13、Universal kit U.S. ZYMED Company. Using known Bcl-2-positive tonsil as a positive control, with PBS instead of primary antibody as negative space controls. 1.3 Test MethodsDewaxing hydration, 3% H2O2 treatment at room temperature 15 min, microwave antigen retrieval, normal goat serum incubated

14、30 min, dropping a resistance, 4 refrigerator overnight incubation. Dropping biotinylated secondary antibody sign incubated at room temperature 30 min, dropping horseradish peroxidase-labeled streptavidin at room temperature 30 min, DAB color. dyed by hematoxylin, dehydrated, transparent, mounted.&#

15、160;1.4 criteria Bcl-2 located in the cell membrane and cytoplasm to the cell membrane and cytoplasm appear yellow to dark yellow granules positive cells without Bcl-2 positive cells was negative, there are positive Bcl-2 positive cells in all specimens are two pathologists blinded read the piece, t

16、he results are inconsistent harmonization judge the final result. 1.5 Statistical AnalysisAll data using SPSS 13.0 statistical package on a computer for statistical analysis, for .2 test to P 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 2 Results2.1 Bcl-2 In Different Tissues Of The Thyr

17、oid Condition, Are Shown In Table 1.Bcl-2 light microscope showed positive reaction cell membrane and cytoplasm stained tan, brown granules seen as negative. Bcl-2 positive rate of thyroid cancer was 45.5%, higher than the thyroid adenoma (22.4%) (P 0.01) and adjacent thyroid tissue (17.5%) (P

18、0.01), while the normal thyroid tissue were negative. shown in Table 1. 2.2 thyroid cancer Bcl-2 expression and thyroid cancer related pathological parameters, see Table 2.Bcl-2 expression levels and histological type of thyroid cancer, lymph node metastasis and clinical staging a significant r

19、elationship. Higher in malignant undifferentiated carcinoma and follicular carcinoma, Bcl-2 were significantly higher than lower grade papillary carcinoma with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage , cases, Bcl-2 was higher than the corresponding without lymph node metastasis and clinical I, stag

20、e cases, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). posted on free download 3 DiscussionApoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, regulated by genes, regulatory genes can be divided into apoptosis gene and apoptosis-promoting genes, both of the shift, the regulation of apopto

21、sis, cells of their research will be solved The fundamental mechanism of apoptosis, but its exact mechanism of action is still not so far fully understood. bcl-2 gene family in the regulation of apoptosis plays an important role, is one of the hot. Bcl-2 gene that B-cell lymphoma / leukemi

22、a gene -2 (B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2), is Tsujimoto, etc. 5 in 1984 for the first time in follicular lymphoma B found thus named Bcl-2. normally located in the long arm of chromosome 18 Zone 2 a band to start is by chromosomal translocation (14,18) breaking point Molecular cloning method, from foll

23、icular lymphoma in the isolated, is believed to be human follicular lymphoma cytogenetics mark by two exons, and its gene product expression in humans cell longevity related to recent years, people discovered through extensive research, Bcl-2 gene block cell apoptosis effect, it is considered to be

24、anti-apoptotic genes 6. their anti-apoptotic mechanisms, previously reported general said by preventing apoptosis signaling the final common pathway and work. Through the bcl-2 and bcl-2 binding protein homologous protein research on the regulation of apoptotic bcl-2 family, the basic model has a ne

25、w understanding. bcl-2 homolog proteins including bcl-2, bcl-xL, bax, bad and nematode ced-9, bcl-2, bax can form homodimers can also form heterodimers, bax homodimer formation, induction of apoptosis, bax - bcl-2 heterodimer formation, inhibition of apoptosis, and when the bcl-xs exists, preferenti

26、ally form heterodimers bcl-2, bax to make free homodimer formation and induce apoptosis, therefore, sometimes bcl-2 expression does not necessarily inhibit cell apoptosis. generally believed, bcl-2 gene expression and tumor cell differentiation and proliferation related to the low degree of differen

27、tiation, proliferative ability of the tumor cells, the bcl-2 overexpression trend showed in this study, the authors systematically examined thyroid cancer, thyroid adenoma, thyroid cancer tissue and normal thyroid tissue and other thyroid tissue Bcl -2 expression, as shown in thyroid cancer tissue e

28、xpression of Bcl-2 was 45.5%, significantly higher than the thyroid adenoma (22.4%, P = 0.006), thyroid cancer adjacent tissues (17.5%, P = 0.003) and normal thyroid tissue (0, P = 0.000), reveals the thyroid follicular cell adenomas bcl-2 positive staining intensity and number of positive cells com

29、pared with normal thyroid follicular epithelial cells enhanced increase in thyroid cancer has more than adenoma, suggesting bcl-2 may regulate thyroid epithelial apoptosis associated with play an important role in thyroid epithelial cells have more ability to evade apoptosis, the incidence of thyroi

30、d cancer may be associated with overexpression of bcl-2 related study showed that For thyroid cancer, tumor histological type, age, lymph node metastasis and clinical staging is to assess the prognostic indicators 7,8 in this group research results show a very low degree of differentiation of undiff

31、erentiated carcinoma and relatively low follicular carcinoma, Bcl-2 expression rates were 100% and 78.6%, significantly higher than papillary carcinoma of Bcl-2 expression rate (29.1%), the differences were statistically significant, in patients with lymph node metastasis or III, IV cases of thyroid

32、 cancer, carcinoma of Bcl-2 expression was significantly increased, the differences were statistically significant. Bcl-2 in all types of thyroid cancer were expressed, and the higher the degree of differentiation of the poorer expression, Therefore, it is reasonable that, Bcl-2-positive prompts thy

33、roid cancer with poor prognosis, and the higher the degree of expression is also worse prognosis. cancer tissue expression of Bcl-2 high degree of differentiation of thyroid cancer, histological subtype, value invasion , lymph node metastasis and prognosis, thyroid cancer prognosis could be used as

34、an important reference. Therefore, thyroid adenoma patients for tumor tissue Bcl-2 positive cases detected and close follow-up may have important significance. 甲狀腺腫瘤檢測Bcl-2的意義【摘要】 目的 探討B(tài)cl-2的表達(dá)與甲狀腺癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及預(yù)后的關(guān)系。方法 應(yīng)用免疫組化方法，以單克隆抗體鼠抗人Bcl-2標(biāo)記77例甲狀腺癌、58例甲狀腺腺瘤、40例癌旁甲狀腺組織和28例正常甲狀腺組織。觀察不同甲狀腺組織中Bcl-2的表

35、達(dá)，并比較其陽性率。結(jié)果 Bcl-2陽性反應(yīng)見于甲狀腺癌、甲狀腺腺瘤及癌旁甲狀腺組織。在甲狀腺癌組織中Bcl-2陽性率為45.5，高于甲狀腺腺瘤組織(22.4)(P=0006)、癌旁甲狀腺組織(17.5)(P=0003)和正常甲狀腺組織(0)(P=0000)。甲狀腺未分化癌和濾泡狀癌組織中Bcl-2的陽性率明顯增高。存在淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和臨床、期病例中，Bcl-2的陽性率明顯增高。結(jié)論 Bcl-2過量表達(dá)可能與甲狀腺腫瘤的發(fā)生有關(guān)，癌組織中Bcl-2的表達(dá)可作為甲狀腺癌預(yù)后的參考指標(biāo)。 【關(guān)鍵詞】 甲狀腺腫瘤；Bcl-2基因；原癌基因；基因表達(dá)；免疫組化 甲狀腺癌是常見的內(nèi)分泌腫

36、瘤，女性發(fā)病率高。臨床甲狀腺腫瘤中有510為甲狀腺癌1。其中分化型甲狀腺癌占90，包括甲狀腺乳頭狀癌和甲狀腺濾泡狀癌，未分化癌較為少見，其惡性程度高、預(yù)后差。國內(nèi)資料顯示我國甲狀腺癌的發(fā)病率在明顯增加2。近年來，甲狀腺癌的相關(guān)基因和腫瘤標(biāo)志物研究進(jìn)展很快。研究證實3，4，Bcl-2基因是一種細(xì)胞凋亡抑制基因，最早發(fā)現(xiàn)于濾泡性B細(xì)胞性淋巴瘤中，其產(chǎn)物Bcl-2蛋白可抑制細(xì)胞凋亡，延長細(xì)胞生存期。本研究采用免疫組化技術(shù)，通過檢測Bcl-2在甲狀腺癌組織、甲狀腺腺瘤組織、甲狀腺癌旁組織及正常甲狀腺組織中的表達(dá)水平，探討B(tài)cl-2在甲狀腺癌組織中的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中的作用，以揭示Bcl-2與甲狀腺癌的生物

37、學(xué)行為的關(guān)系及其預(yù)后關(guān)系。 1 材料與方法 1.1 材料 全部標(biāo)本取自北京大學(xué)深圳醫(yī)院普通外科2001年至2009年間手術(shù)治療的甲狀腺病例標(biāo)本，其中：甲狀腺癌77例(男28例，女8例，平均50歲)，58例甲狀腺腺瘤(男22例，女36例，平均36歲)，同時取癌旁甲狀腺組織40例(男10例，女30例，平均37歲，經(jīng)病理檢查確診均無甲狀腺癌浸潤)；取正常甲狀腺組織28例(男9例，女l9例，平均35歲)。對77例甲狀腺癌按WHO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組織學(xué)分類：乳頭狀癌55例，濾泡狀癌l4例，未分化癌8例，按AJCC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)臨床病理分期：I期30例，期23例， 期16例，期8例；其中，有淋巴結(jié)

38、轉(zhuǎn)移者33例，無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移者44例。標(biāo)本經(jīng)10 福爾馬林液固定、石蠟包埋，常規(guī)切片，60烤片2 h，37過夜備用。 1.2 免疫組化試劑 Bcl-2鼠抗人單克隆抗體，為美國ZYMED公司產(chǎn)品。SP-9000通用型試劑盒為美國ZYMED公司產(chǎn)品。用已知Bcl-2陽性的扁桃體作陽性對照，以PBS代替一抗作陰性空白對照。1.3 試驗方法 切片脫蠟水化后，3H2O2室溫處理15 min，微波抗原修復(fù)，正常山羊血清室溫孵育30 min，滴加一抗，4冰箱孵育過夜。滴加生物素標(biāo)志的二抗，室溫孵育30 min，滴加辣根過氧化酶標(biāo)記的鏈親和素室溫30 min，DAB顯色。經(jīng)蘇木精復(fù)

39、染后，脫水、透明、封片。 1.4 判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Bcl-2定位于細(xì)胞膜及細(xì)胞質(zhì)，以細(xì)胞膜及細(xì)胞質(zhì)內(nèi)出現(xiàn)黃色至深棕黃色顆粒為陽性細(xì)胞。無陽性細(xì)胞為Bcl-2陰性；有陽性細(xì)胞為Bcl-2陽性。所有標(biāo)本均由兩位病理醫(yī)師采用盲法閱片，結(jié)果不一致時協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一判斷最終結(jié)果。 1.5 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析 所有數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計軟件包在電腦上進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析，進(jìn)行.2檢驗，以P0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。 2 結(jié)果 2.1 Bcl-2在不同甲狀腺組織中的表達(dá)情況，見表1。 光鏡下Bcl-2陽性反應(yīng)表現(xiàn)為細(xì)胞膜及細(xì)胞質(zhì)染成棕褐色，未見棕褐色顆粒為陰

40、性。Bcl-2陽性率在甲狀腺癌為45.5，高于甲狀腺腺瘤(22.4)(P0.01)及癌旁甲狀腺組織(17.5)(P0.01)，而正常甲狀腺組織染色陰性。見表1。 2.2 甲狀腺癌中Bcl-2表達(dá)與甲狀腺癌有關(guān)病理指標(biāo)的關(guān)系，見表2。Bcl-2的表達(dá)程度與甲狀腺癌組織學(xué)類型、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況和臨床病理分期有顯著關(guān)系。在惡性度較高的未分化癌和濾泡狀癌中，Bcl-2陽性率明顯高于惡性度較低的乳頭狀癌；在有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移病例或臨床 、期病例，Bcl-2陽性率高于相應(yīng)的無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和臨床I、期病例，差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。 3 討論 細(xì)胞凋亡又稱細(xì)胞程序化死亡，受基因調(diào)控，調(diào)控基因大體分為凋亡抑制基因和凋亡促進(jìn)基因，二者此消彼長，共同調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞的凋亡， 對其