材料力學(xué)專業(yè)高級常用詞匯

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上以下是材料力學(xué)課中專業(yè)詞匯，共141個，對機(jī)械、力學(xué)專業(yè)本科生絕對有用！mechanics of materials 材料力學(xué)axial force 軸向力bar 桿（只受軸向力）torsion 扭轉(zhuǎn)shaft 軸（只受扭轉(zhuǎn)）bending 彎曲beam 梁（只受彎曲）compression; compressive 壓縮column 柱（只受壓縮）stress 應(yīng)力strain 應(yīng)變displacement 位移deformation 變形strength 強(qiáng)度stiffness 剛度stability 穩(wěn)定性tension; tensile 拉伸shear 剪切p

2、rismatic bar 等截面直桿cross section 截面uniformly distributed load; uniform load 均布載荷normal stress 正應(yīng)力sign convention 符號規(guī)定stress distribution 應(yīng)力分布stress concentration 應(yīng)力集中dimensionless quantity 無量綱量homogeneous 勻質(zhì)uniaxial stress and strain 單軸應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變mechanical behavior (材料)力學(xué)行為specimen 試件elongation 伸長量extenso

3、meter 引伸計gage length 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)長度nominal stress 名義應(yīng)力true stress 真實應(yīng)力proportional limit 比例極限elastic modulus; modulus of elasticity 彈性模量 (pl. moduli)yielding 屈服plastic 塑性strain hardening 強(qiáng)化necking 頸縮ultimate strength 強(qiáng)度極限ductile 韌性percent elongation 延伸率percent reduction in area 斷面收縮率brittle 脆性elastic limit 彈性

4、極限plasticity 塑性plastic flow 塑性流動creep 蠕變relaxation 松弛Hookes Law 胡克定律Poissons ratio 泊松比lateral strain 橫向應(yīng)變pure shear 純剪切shear stress 切應(yīng)力bearing 擠壓shear modulus of elasticity 切變模量factor of safety 安全系數(shù)allowable stress 許用應(yīng)力axial rigidity 抗拉剛度 (EA)statically indeterminate 靜不定equation of equilibrium 平衡方程e

5、quation of compatibility 變形協(xié)調(diào)方程constitutive relations 本構(gòu)關(guān)系（物理方程）thermal stress 熱應(yīng)力coefficient of thermal expansion 線脹系數(shù)prestrain 預(yù)應(yīng)變inclined section 斜截面strain energy 應(yīng)變能strain energy density 應(yīng)變能密度modulus of resilience 回彈模量impact load 沖擊載荷dynamic load 動載荷repeated load 交變載荷fatigue 疲勞fatigue limit; end

6、urance limit 疲勞極限Saint-Venants Principle 圣維南原理statically equivalent 靜力等效stress-concentration factor 應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)elastoplastic material 彈塑性材料 couple 力偶moment of a couple 力偶矩vector 矢量torque; twisting moment 扭矩angle of twist / rotation 扭轉(zhuǎn)角rate of twist; angle of twist per unit length 單位長度扭轉(zhuǎn)角polar moment of i

7、nertia 極慣性矩 Iptorsional rigidity 抗扭剛度 GIpthin-walled open cross section 開口薄壁截面 bending moment 彎矩shear force 剪力simply supported beam; simple beam 簡支梁pin support 固定鉸支座roller support 可動鉸支座cantilever beam 懸臂梁fixed support; clamped support 固定端beam with an overhang 外伸梁concentrated load 集中力distributed load

8、 分布力intensity (of distributed load) （分布力）集度reaction 反力pure bending 純彎曲nonuniform bending 橫力彎曲neutral surface 中性層neutral axis 中性軸moment of inertia; second moment 慣性矩；二次軸矩flexural rigidity 抗彎剛度EI section modulus 抗彎截面系數(shù) fully stressed beam 等強(qiáng)度梁first moment 靜矩products of inertia 慣性積beam of wide-flange s

9、hape 工字梁web 腹板flange 翼緣composite beam 復(fù)合梁deflection curve 撓度曲線curvature 曲率radius of curvature 曲率半徑angle of rotation 轉(zhuǎn)角slope 斜率differential equation 微分方程method of successive integrations 積分法boundary condition 邊界條件continuity condition 連續(xù)性條件symmetry condition 對稱性條件method of superposition 疊加法 principal stress 主應(yīng)力principal plane 主平面Mohrs Circle 摩爾圓triaxial stress 三向應(yīng)力electrical-resistance strain gage 電阻應(yīng)變片strain