被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾個(gè)問題 被動(dòng)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，表示句子中的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，漢語往往用“被”、“受”、“給”等詞來表示被動(dòng)意義。1. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)（The Passive Voice）是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語是謂語動(dòng)詞的承受者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)便于論述客觀事實(shí)，故常用于科技文章、新聞報(bào)道、書刊介紹以及景物描寫。被動(dòng)語態(tài)沒有將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)形式。 一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在isam   doneareisam being donearehashave   bee

2、n done過去waswere donewaswere being donehad been done 將來shall  be donewill無shall have been donewill1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)     The boy is called Johnson.2） 一般過去時(shí)     Where were you educated?3） 一般將來時(shí)     The result will not be announced un

3、til 6 oclock.4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)     The road is being repaired.5）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)     He was being looked after by his sister.6）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)     She hasnt been told about it yet.7）過去完成時(shí)     She told me that the factory had been closed down.8）將來完成時(shí)&#

4、160;    This project will have been completed by the end of this year.2. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)需要注意的幾個(gè)問題.（1）時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。         The teacher punished him many times for his lateness.        He has been punished many times for his lat

5、eness.（2）謂語為動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能丟掉動(dòng)詞短語的介詞或副詞。      His best friend often looks after him.              被動(dòng)語態(tài)He is often looked after by his best friend.（3） 主動(dòng)語態(tài)中若有雙賓語,將其中一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語,另一個(gè)賓語不變。動(dòng)詞make/buy/mend/get用for;動(dòng)詞give/sho

6、w/pass/send/lend/bring/take用to)      Vivian gave me a book.           (被動(dòng)1) I was given a book by Vivian.        (被動(dòng)2) A book was given to me by Vivian.（4）主動(dòng)語態(tài)若有復(fù)合賓語，（即句子結(jié)構(gòu)為主Vt賓賓補(bǔ)），將主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，賓補(bǔ)不

7、變。      They call him Louis.       被動(dòng)語態(tài):He is called Louis.（5）主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中動(dòng)詞make, have, let(使sb做sth), notice. see. watch, look at,  hear, listen to, feel等變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，后面的不定式需要加上to.      Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. &

8、#160;          被動(dòng)語態(tài):He was made to wash the dishes.（6）主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng).     The poem reads well.（7）有些動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài) take place/happen/come true/break down/break out等。      All your dreams will come true if you try your best.3.不同

9、時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)句(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)I am not so easily deceived. 我不會(huì)輕易上當(dāng)受騙的。Computers are widely used in the world.計(jì)算機(jī)在世界范圍內(nèi)得到廣泛應(yīng)用。(2) 一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)The car was seriously damaged. 汽車受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞。Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷術(shù)是由中國傳入歐洲的。(3) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)The question is being discussed at the meeting. 這個(gè)問題現(xiàn)在正在

10、會(huì)上討論。The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 孩子們現(xiàn)在正由其姑媽照看。(4) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)When I called, tea was being served.當(dāng)我來訪時(shí)，正值上茶之際。When they arrived， the experiments were being made. 他們到達(dá)時(shí)，實(shí)驗(yàn)正在進(jìn)行。(5) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)The meeting has been put off. 會(huì)議已被推遲了。The party has been planned since the new year. 這次聚

11、會(huì)自新年起就已籌劃了。(6) 過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)By the end of last month,he had been robbed at least three times.到上月底，他已被搶了至少三次。(7) 將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)It is said that the building will have been completed before September.據(jù)說大樓將于九月前竣工。This class will have been taught by Mr Brown for two years by next summer.到明年夏天，布朗先生在這兩個(gè)班執(zhí)教已有兩年了。2

12、. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)Water mustn't be wasted. 絕不能浪費(fèi)水。Electric energy can be changed into light enery. 電能可以轉(zhuǎn)變成光能。Cross the road very carefully. Look both ways, or you might be knocked down.過馬路時(shí)要特別小心，要往兩邊看，不然會(huì)被撞倒。3. Get+過去分詞構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語態(tài)Get過去分詞也可以構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的句子側(cè)重于動(dòng)作的結(jié)果而不是動(dòng)作本身。如：the man got hurt on his way home

13、. 那個(gè)男人在回家的路上受傷了。Mary is going to get married. 瑪麗準(zhǔn)備結(jié)婚了。How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？4. 短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(1) 動(dòng)詞+介詞This matter has been talked about recently. 這件事近來一直被談?wù)撝?。Such a thing has never been heard of before.這樣的事從未被聽說過。The old man was looked after carefully. 那位老人被精心照顧著。He has never been listened

14、 to. 人家從不聽他的話。(2) 動(dòng)詞+副詞The sports meeting was put off. 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)被推遲了。A short play will be put on by them at the party. 一個(gè)短劇將要由他們?cè)谕頃?huì)上演出。What he said must be thought over. 他說的話必須仔細(xì)思考。(3) 其他短語動(dòng)詞 Privileges must be done away with. 特權(quán)必須被取消。The light has just been turned off. 燈剛被關(guān)上。Their plans are being carried

15、 out. 他們的計(jì)劃正在執(zhí)行中。5. “主+動(dòng)+賓+賓補(bǔ)”句型變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型有兩個(gè)賓語，一般地說一為間接賓語，一為直接賓語。變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，只將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，另一賓語不變。We call him Xiao Wang. 我們叫他小王。（主動(dòng)句）He was called Xiao Wang. 他被叫做小王。（被動(dòng)句）He painted the table green. 他把桌子漆成了綠色。（主動(dòng)句）The table was painted green. 桌子被漆成了綠色。（被動(dòng)句）6. “主+動(dòng)+that從句”句型的被動(dòng)句有些以that從句作賓語的主動(dòng)句可

16、以轉(zhuǎn)換成兩種形式的被動(dòng)句。如：People say that he is the richest man in the city.人們說他是全市頭號(hào)富翁。It is said that he is the richest man in the city. 據(jù)說他是全市頭號(hào)富翁。He is said to be the richest man in the city. 據(jù)說他是全市頭號(hào)富翁。當(dāng)說話人認(rèn)為主動(dòng)句的主語無關(guān)緊要，或者不清楚誰是謂語動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者時(shí)，便常常使用上述形式的被動(dòng)句。如：It was reported that the boy had been found. 據(jù)報(bào)道，男孩已被找

17、到。The boy was reported to have been found. 據(jù)報(bào)道，男孩已被找到。常用于上述被動(dòng)句型的動(dòng)詞有：acknowledge, assume, believe, claim, consider, declare, estimate, expect, find, know, presume, report, say, think等。7. 含有被動(dòng)意義的主動(dòng)語態(tài)英語中有一些表示被動(dòng)意義的主動(dòng)句，其謂語所表示的不是主語的動(dòng)作，而是其內(nèi)在的性能。這種句子的特點(diǎn)是：主語為無生命名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；肯定句必須帶方式狀語；否定句的謂語可以帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：She is

18、 to blame. 她應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。The house is to rent. 這個(gè)房子要出租。Food can keep fresh in a fridge. 食物放在冰箱里能保鮮。The pen writes smoothly. 這支鋼筆很好寫。The cloth feels soft. 這布摸上去很柔軟。The cake tastes good. 這蛋糕很好吃。練習(xí)題： 1.The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from _(blow) the earth away. 2.Mr Smith kept on _ (ask) the players

19、 to remember-TEAMWORK 3.Alice didn't hear what the teacher said just now,so she doesn't know how _ (do) the problem. 4.The policeman asked the old granny to put down her heavy box and let him _ (carry) it for her. 5.用help,happen,listen,have,ask,be,plant,miss,leave,look的適當(dāng)形式填空:(1).WangHai is

20、a good comrade.He always does his best _others.(2).Dig the hole big enough,or the trees cant _well .(3).It's time for class.Let's stop _to the teacher.(4).Her face turned red when she _ to sing a song for all of us.(5).She is older than Mary but _much younger.(6).-I can't find my keys.-M

21、aybe you _ them in the pocket.句型轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)題     將下列主動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)句。1. The government official told him not to waste time on fighting for rights._2. I gave my cousin a toy at Christmas._3. They should do it right now._4. He is likely to let you down._5. They named the boy Johnson._6. The mons

22、ter let the little girl clean the cave._7. People in the town laugh at Hugh for his fancy dress._被動(dòng)語態(tài)第二講一、主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 的被動(dòng)意義除了用及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式表示外，還可以用其他方法來表示，就像在漢語中并非一定要用“被”字來表示的被動(dòng)意義一樣。 1、用某些不及物動(dòng)詞表示被動(dòng)意義，如carry,cut,drive,iron,keep,lock,open,pick,read,sell,shut,tear,wash,wear,write等等。這類動(dòng)詞既能作及物動(dòng)詞，也能作不及物動(dòng)詞。作不

23、及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，形式上雖為主動(dòng)，卻表示被動(dòng)意義。例如： Meat cuts easily.肉容易切。 His novel sells well.他的小說暢銷。 The car drove easily.這車很容易開。 Your pen writes quite smoothly.你的筆寫起來很滑。 在上述句子中，主語通常指物，起動(dòng)作承受者的作用，也可以說是不及物動(dòng)詞的邏輯賓語。但是有時(shí)也有用人稱主語的。例如： The girl does not photograph well.這女孩不上像。比較：The girl has not been photographed well.這女孩的照片沒拍好。

24、2、某些感覺動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義。例如： This shirt feels much softer than that one.這件襯衫比那件襯衫摸起來柔軟得多。 That book smells old.那本書有一股霉味。 These oranges taste nice.這些橙子味道很好。 以上這些動(dòng)詞都不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示。若用進(jìn)行時(shí)，則表示主動(dòng)含義。比較：The child is smelling the paint.小孩正在聞?dòng)推岬臍馕丁?3、有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞(bind,cook,do,owe,print)的進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)有被動(dòng)意義。在這種用法中，句子的主語都應(yīng)該是指物的。例如： The ma

25、gazine is binding(printing).這本雜志正在裝訂(印刷)。 He paid all that was owing.欠的錢他都還了。 The meat is cooking.正在火敦肉。 4、動(dòng)詞get,come,go之后接過去分詞，表示被動(dòng)意義。get的這種用法局限于口語和非正式的書面語言，更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果而非動(dòng)作本身，并常用來表示突發(fā)性的、出乎意料的偶然事件。而come和go常接含否定意義的過去分詞。例如： After working selflessly in here for several years,Mr Li got promoted at last.李先生

26、在此地?zé)o私地干了好幾年，終于得到提升。 They got delayed because of the holiday traffic.由于節(jié)日交通阻塞，他們被耽誤了。 The buttons on my coat came undone.我上衣的扣子松開了。 The woman's complaints went unnoticed.那位女士的投訴無人理睬。 5、在need(want,require,deserve,etc.)doing句型中，動(dòng)名詞(doing)相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式(to be done)，在意思上沒有多大差別。例如： The garden needs wate

27、ring.The garden needs to be watered.花園需要澆水。 The problem requires studying with great care.The problem requires to be studied with great care.這個(gè)問題需要仔細(xì)研究。 These jobs want doing at once.These jobs want to be done at once.這些工作需要馬上就做。 用法相似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有bear doing,stand doing,be worth doing,習(xí)慣不用動(dòng)詞不定式。如： That won&#

28、39;t bear thinking of.那是不堪想像的。 The little girl can't stand criticizing.小女孩經(jīng)不起批評(píng)。 The food is not worth eating.這種飯菜不值一吃。 It's well worth making the effort to learn how to do it.很值得花一番功夫去學(xué)會(huì)怎么做這事。 值得注意的是，在be worth doing句型中，只能用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式，而在be worthy to be done中，才能用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式，兩者不可混淆。 6、在某些性質(zhì)形容詞動(dòng)詞不定式的

29、句型中，其動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例如： The question is easy to answer.這問題容易回答。 That book is difficult to understand.那本書難懂。 在這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式和主語的關(guān)系實(shí)際上是一種邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，可以說是動(dòng)詞不定式作主語變換來的，相當(dāng)于It's easy to answer the question.和It's difficult to understand that book.由于把動(dòng)詞賓語放在主語位置，所以和不定式的關(guān)系構(gòu)成一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 7、有些動(dòng)詞不定式不論用主動(dòng)形式還是被動(dòng)形

30、式，動(dòng)詞不定式和主語的關(guān)系都是被動(dòng)的。例如： Nobody was to blame (to be blamed) for the accident.這個(gè)事故，誰也不能責(zé)怪。 The house is to let (to be let).這房子出租。 There are a lot of books to read (to be read).有許多書要讀。 Those cars are to rent (to be rented).那些汽車出租。 8、以able或ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可表示被動(dòng)意義。例如： These tickets are available for one month.T

31、hese tickets are capable of being used for one month.這些票可用一個(gè)月。 It's a credible explanation.The explanation can be trusted.這是一種可信的解釋。 The fish was hardly eatable.The fish could hardly be eaten.這魚幾乎不能吃。 9、有些介詞短語用作表語或定語時(shí)，可以表示被動(dòng)意義。例如： The thief is under arrest.The thief has been arrested.小偷已被捕。 Appl

32、es are on sale.Apples are being sold.蘋果在出售。 The phenomenon under study is very interesting.The phenomenon which is being studied is very interesting.正在研究的現(xiàn)象十分有趣。 10、在冠詞the和a (an)后面只能用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式，這種名詞化的動(dòng)名詞有時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義。例如： The boy took a beating.那男孩挨了打。 It was spoilt in the making.這東西在制作過程中被損壞了。 11、在某些名詞詞組中，

33、表示動(dòng)作的名詞無疑具有動(dòng)作的含義，往往可以表現(xiàn)被動(dòng)意義，而這種被動(dòng)意義與的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)無任何語法上的聯(lián)系。例如： After his release from prison,he returned home.他從監(jiān)獄被釋放出來以后回到了家。 His family lived on government aid for three years.他一家靠政府救濟(jì)生活三年了。 二、語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換和某些動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系 1、一般以為凡及物動(dòng)詞都有相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)句，其實(shí)不然，當(dāng)“主 動(dòng) 賓”結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語動(dòng)詞是表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動(dòng)詞，如contain,cost,fit,have,lack,resemble,suit等，主動(dòng)句

34、便沒有相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)句： Linda resembles her mother.琳達(dá)象她母親。 This red coat becomes her.這件紅上衣合她的身。 The auditorium holds 2000 people.大禮堂能容納兩千人。 My shoes don't fit me.我的鞋不合腳。 Jack always lacks confidence.杰克總是缺乏信心。 但是，狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞know有相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)態(tài)：Experts have been known to make this mistake.大家知道，專家也會(huì)犯這種錯(cuò)誤。 有時(shí)，有些不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，在

35、同一意義上，如果不用by詞組，可以有被動(dòng)句。如：All my things are held in this box.這只箱子里裝著我所有的東西。 2、某些被動(dòng)句沒有相應(yīng)的主動(dòng)句。例如： She was born in Nanjing.她生于南京。 He was said to be an honest man.據(jù)說他是個(gè)老實(shí)人。 They will be married next month.他們將于下月結(jié)婚。 Mary said that she was not obliged to work overtime.瑪麗說她并不是非加班不可。 3、當(dāng)“主 動(dòng) 賓”結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語為反身代詞

36、或相互代詞時(shí)，通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)句。例如： The doctor dedicated herself to finding a cure.這位醫(yī)生為尋求一種治療方法奉獻(xiàn)了她的一生。 Did he hurt himself when he fell?他跌倒時(shí)有沒有摔傷了自己? We could hardly see each other in the fog.在霧中我們彼此幾乎看不見。 They told each other about their families.他們互相向?qū)Ψ街v述了各自的家庭情況。 4、用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的have。 動(dòng)詞have作為“有”的意思時(shí)，是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，沒有相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)態(tài)

37、。但是在下列情況中，have有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 a、作為“被買到(得到)”、“被找到”意思時(shí)： We tried to get a copy of her book,but there was none to be had(to be bought).我們想弄到一本她的書，但就是買不到。 That is about the only work to be had(=to be found) at this time of the year.那大概就是今年此時(shí)唯一能找到的工作了。 b、作為“欺(哄)騙”意思時(shí)，口語中常用被動(dòng)態(tài)： I'm afraid you've been had.恐

38、怕你上當(dāng)了。 He's not the first person that's been had in that way.他并非第一個(gè)這樣上當(dāng)受騙的人。 c、作“被賄賂”意思時(shí)： The man was had (=was bribed) into giving them the documents.這人被賄賂，給他們提供了文件。 d、與某些介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞： I've been had on (=have been fooled) too often to take his stories seriously.我時(shí)常上他的當(dāng)，不再把他的話當(dāng)

39、真了。 The young man was had up (=was taken to court)for dangerous driving.這年青人因危險(xiǎn)駕車被法庭傳訊。 5、有些原來不及物的動(dòng)詞，如果作使役動(dòng)詞來用，那么有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，較常見的有fly,run,stand,walk等。例如： Many cars have been flown to Europe.許多汽車已被空運(yùn)到歐洲去了。 This bottle must not be stood close to the fire.這只瓶不得放在近火處。 Horses should be walked for some time aft

40、er a race.賽馬后，得溜一會(huì)兒馬。 三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)與SVC(動(dòng)詞ed形式作表語)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示動(dòng)作，句子主語為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，SVC結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，其中的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，be只有一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)一般要與相應(yīng)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)一致。下面把這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)作一比較： 1、The library is usually closed at 6.圖書館通常六點(diǎn)關(guān)門。(被動(dòng)語態(tài)) The library is now closed.圖書館關(guān)門了。(SVC結(jié)構(gòu)) 2、The bridge was completed in 1968.橋是1968年建成的。(被動(dòng)語態(tài)) The bridge is completed.橋已修好。(SVC結(jié)構(gòu)) 3、The glass was broken by my sister.玻