大學體驗英語課文翻譯及課后習題翻譯答案

1、UNIT1Oxford University 牛津大學Oxford University is the oldest university in Britain and one of the world's most famous institutions of higher learning. Oxford University was established during the 1100's. It is located in Oxford, England, about 80 kilometers northwest of London.牛津大學是英國最古老的大學，也是

2、世界最著名的高等學府。牛津大學始建于12世紀。它位于英格蘭的牛津，在倫敦西北約80公里處。The university has over 16,300 students (1999-2000), almost a quarter of these students are from overseas and more than 130 nationalities are represented. It consists of 35 colleges, plus five private halls established by various religious groups. Three o

3、f the five private halls are for men only. Of the colleges, St. Hilda's and Somerville are for women, and the rest are for men and women. 牛津大學有16,300多名學生（19992000），其中留學生占將近四分之一。他們來自130多個國家。牛津大學有35個學院，還有5個由不同宗教團體建立的私人學院。5個私人學院中，有3個只招男生。學院中，圣希爾達和薩默維爾學院只收女生，其他均為男女兼收。At Oxford, each college is a cor

4、porate body distinct from the university and is governed by its own head and fellows. Most fellows are college instructors called tutors, and the rest are university professors and lecturers. Each college manages its own buildings and property, elects its own fellows, and selects and admits its own

5、undergraduate students. The university provides some libraries, laboratories, and other facilities, but the colleges take primary responsibility for the teaching and well-being of their students.牛津的每個學院都是獨立于大學的實體，由該學院的院長和管委會成員負責管理。部分管委會成員都稱為導師的學院教師，其余的是大學教授和講師。每個學院管理自己的房產(chǎn)和資產(chǎn)，遴選自己的管委會，選擇和招收自己的本科生。大學提

6、供某些圖書館、實驗室和其他設(shè)施，但教學和學生生活主要由各學院負責。Each student at Oxford is assigned to a tutor, who supervises the student's program of study, primarily through tutorials. Tutorials are weekly meetings of one or two students with their tutor. Students may see other tutors for specialized instruction. They may a

7、lso attend lectures given by university teachers. Students choose which lectures to attend on the basis of their own special interests and on the advice of their tutors. 牛津大學給每個學生指定一個導師，他主要通過輔導課監(jiān)督學生的學習。導師每周和1到2名學生見面一次，學生如需專業(yè)指導，還可以去約見其他的導師，也可選聽大學老師講授的課程。學生選聽什么課程是根據(jù)自己的興趣和導師的建議而定的。The university, not t

8、he individual colleges, grants degrees. The first degree in the arts or sciences is the Bachelor of Arts with honors. Oxford also grants higher degrees, diplomas, and certificates in a wide variety of subjects.學位由大學授予，而不是各個學院。最低文科或理科學位是優(yōu)等文學學士。牛津還在其他眾多學科領(lǐng)域授予最高的學位，頒發(fā)文憑和證書。The Rhodes scholarship progra

9、m enables students from the United States, Canada, and many other nations to study at Oxford for a minimum of two years. The British government grants Marshall scholarships to citizens of the United States for study at Oxford and other universities that are located in Britain. 羅茲德獎學金面向美國、加拿大和很多其他國家的

10、學生，為他們提供至少兩年的牛津?qū)W習費用。英國政府為在牛津和其他英國境內(nèi)的大學里求學的美國公民提供"馬歇爾獎學金"。The competition for scholarships and grants is, however, extremely strong and there are usually strict requirements. Students should check carefully that they are eligible to apply for a particular scholarship before making an applic

11、ation as most of the schemes are restricted to certain nationalities and/or programs. 然而，獎學金和助學金的競爭極其激烈，而且通常要求很嚴。學生們在申請某一項獎學金之前應(yīng)仔細核查是否有資格，因為多數(shù)獎學金對學生國籍和（或）課程都有限制。The students and staff at Oxford are actively involved in over 55 initiatives (2001), including visits to more than 3,700 schools and colle

12、ges, to encourage the brightest and best students to apply to Oxford, whatever their background. 牛津師生員工積極參與主動招生的活動，2001年這種活動有55項以上，包括走訪3,700所中學，以鼓勵優(yōu)秀學生報考牛津大學，而不管其背景如何。The university has been named the UK's most innovative university in the Launchit 2001 competition, which aimed to discover which

13、 British university has demonstrated the greatest achievements in innovation and enterprise across the broadest range of activity. In the national Teaching Quality Assessment exercises for 2000, Oxford was awarded top marks in six out of ten subjects assessed. 在2001年度的"創(chuàng)新"競賽中，牛津大學被授予英國最具創(chuàng)新

14、精神的大學稱號。該競賽旨在發(fā)現(xiàn)哪一所英國大學在最廣的領(lǐng)域內(nèi)取得了創(chuàng)新和進取的最大成就。在2000年全英教學質(zhì)量評估中，牛津在所評估的10個科目中有6科得分高居榜首。Oxford, Stanford and Yale Universities have recently become partners in a joint 'distance learning' venture, the Alliance for Lifelong Learning, which will provide online courses in the arts and sciences. 牛津、斯坦

15、福和耶魯三所大學最近合作開發(fā)了 "遠程學習"項目"終生學習聯(lián)盟"，該項目將提供文科和理科的在線課程。The mission of Oxford is to aim at achieving and maintaining excellence in every area of its teaching and research, maintaining and developing its historical position as a world-class university, and enriching the international, n

16、ational, and regional communities through the fruits of its research and the skills of its graduates. 牛津的使命是在教學和研究的各個領(lǐng)域達到并保持領(lǐng)先地位，保持和加強其世界名校的歷史地位，通過其研究成果和畢業(yè)生的技能促進地區(qū)、全國和全球的發(fā)展。In support of this aim the university will provide the facilities and support for its staff to pursue innovative research by re

17、sponding to developments in the intellectual environment and society at large; and promote challenging and rigorous teaching which benefits from a fruitful interaction with the research environment, facilitating the exchange of ideas through tutorials and small-group learning and exploiting the Univ

18、ersity's resources in its libraries, museums, and scientific collections, to equip its graduates to play their part at a national and international level. 為了實現(xiàn)這個目標，學校將針對知識環(huán)境和整個社會發(fā)展的需要，為員工提供進行創(chuàng)新研究所需的設(shè)施和支持；提倡既富革新精神又嚴格認真的教學，使教學與研究環(huán)境卓有成效地互動從而推動教學；通過導師指導和小組學習加速思想的交流，通過開發(fā)學校圖書館、博物館以及科學收藏方面的資源，使畢業(yè)生能在國內(nèi)和

19、國際上一展身手打下基礎(chǔ)。UNIT2Your Dream Job: A Click Away鼠標輕點，美夢成真Less than a month from graduation day, Theresa Smith of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, had yet to find the right job. The career placement center referred the liberal-arts major to JOB-TRAK, an Internet site listing 45,000 entry-l

20、evel positions. 還有不到一個月就要畢業(yè)了，特里薩·史密斯還沒找到合適的工作，她就讀于位于伊利諾州埃文斯頓的西北大學。就業(yè)指導中心建議這位文科生去查查JOB-TRAK網(wǎng)站，該網(wǎng)站上列出了45,000個初級水平的職位。Smith selected four keywords: Chicago, business, marketing and full-time. Immediately she found 45 jobs meeting her criteria, including one as an assistant to an administrator at t

21、he University of Chicagos business school. Four weeks later she was hired at a starting salary of $32,000.史密斯選擇了四個關(guān)鍵詞：Chicago（芝加哥），business（商務(wù)），marketing（營銷），full time（全職）。她馬上就找到45個工作合乎她的標準，其中一個是芝加哥商業(yè)學院行政助理。四個星期以后，她得到了這份工作，底薪32,000美元?！癐 had no training,” says Smith, “but the Internet was extremely e

22、asy to use. Id never have known about this job without it.”“我沒有受過任何訓練，”史密斯說，“但因特網(wǎng)使用很簡單。要是沒有因特網(wǎng)，我根本不會知道有這份工作?！盨mith is one American who clicked her way into a job. Steven Tools is another. 不少美國人鼠標一點，就找到了自己的工作。史密斯是其中一個，另一個例子是斯蒂芬·圖爾斯。In 1996, the Rockville, Md., resident came across an employment

23、site named CareerBuilder. He had just been promoted to director of marketing for a company that produces tradeshow exhibits and wasnt looking for a job. But curious, he decided to “give it a try.”他住在馬里蘭州的羅科維爾，1996年無意中進到一個招聘網(wǎng)站CareerBuilder。他在一家生產(chǎn)商展展品的公司工作，剛被提升為營銷總管，并不想換工作。但是出于好奇心，他決定“試試看”。Tools fille

24、d out a profile with the keywords marketing manager and entered his electronic-mail address. Within a week his computers mailbox was filling up with available positions. Two interviews later he jumped to a new job. “The Internet is like hiring a personal assistant,” says Tools. “Effortlessly you can

25、 become aware of opportunities that may elevate your career.”圖爾斯填寫了一份簡歷，關(guān)鍵詞是market manager（行銷經(jīng)理），并輸入了自己的電子郵箱地址。不到一個星期，他的郵箱里就塞滿了可供選擇的職位。他去了兩家公司面試，然后就跳槽了?！坝辛艘蛱鼐W(wǎng)，就像雇了一個私人助理，”圖爾斯說。“你可以毫不費勁地留意到一些機會，讓你的事業(yè)上一個新臺階。”Even a couple of years ago, most job listings on the Internet were in high-tech fields. Today,

26、 non-technical jobs salesclerks, bank tellers, secretaries, for example are the fastest growing segment of Internet employment opportunities. Most major newspapers and trade publications have online versions of their classified listings, enabling job-seekers to scan for work available across town, i

27、n another state, or around the world. 僅在兩年以前，因特網(wǎng)上提供的工作絕大部分還局限于高科技領(lǐng)域?，F(xiàn)在，非技術(shù)性的工作，如售貨員、銀行職員、秘書等，是網(wǎng)上招聘機會增長最為迅速的部分。大型報紙和專業(yè)出版物的分類廣告大多都有在線版，求職者能搜索到市內(nèi)、國內(nèi)甚至國外的一些工作機會。Madeline Gragg and Nedzad Dozlic are still another two who clicked their luck online.馬德琳·格拉格和內(nèi)德扎德·多茲里克也是通過輕點鼠標，在網(wǎng)上碰到了好運。In 1996, Made

28、line Gragg, a 28-year-old high school teacher from St. Louis, wanted a change. When a friend mentioned teaching English in Japan, Gragg was intrigued.1996年，圣路易斯的一名高中老師，28歲的馬德琳·格拉格，想換個工作。有個朋友提到在日本教書的事，格拉格很感興趣。She visited the popular Yahoo! website and typed teaching English in Japan for a list o

29、f employment opportunities. She then followed the procedure for the online application. A week later she received a call and set up an interview with a recruiter in Chicago and got the job. 她訪問了著名的yahoo！網(wǎng)站，輸入了teaching English in Japan（在日本教英語），找到了一個招聘機會的列表，然后按照在線申請的要求提交了申請。一星期后，她接到一個電話，與芝加哥的一名招聘人員進行了

30、面試，得到了這份工作。Nedzad Dozlic, 27 years old, was scanning the Houston Chronicles Web site for the latest baseball trades. While online, he decided to check out the classifieds and spotted a job for a driver at a local car dealership. A refugee of the war in Bosnia, Dozlic had had a variety of jobs but wa

31、s now ready for something new. He read more about the position on the dealers Internet site and called the number listed. Two days later he was hired. “Its really funny,” he says, “I was just checking sports, and I ended up with a better job.”27歲的內(nèi)德扎德·多茲里克，當時在瀏覽Houston Chronicle網(wǎng)站，了解最新的棒球消息。在線時

32、，他查看了分類廣告，發(fā)現(xiàn)一家當?shù)氐钠嚱灰咨陶衅杆緳C。多茲里克是波斯尼亞的戰(zhàn)爭難民，曾從事過多種不同的工作，但現(xiàn)在他想換個工作。他從該交易商的網(wǎng)站上了解了該職位的更多情況，然后撥通了上面提供的電話。兩天后，他被雇用了?！罢嬗幸馑迹彼f，“我本來只是在查看體育消息，結(jié)果卻找到了一份更好的工作。”Another valuable use of the Internet is to research potential employers. When Wendy Mello started her job search in the summer of 1997, she logged on to

33、 CareerBuilder, where she learned of a human resources opening at Arbitrons, a media-information-services company in Columbia, Maryland. With a click of her mouse, Mello sent her résumé to the company via e-mail and soon received an invitation for an interview. 因特網(wǎng)的另一個好處在于你能夠搜索到一些可能的雇主。199

34、7年夏天，溫蒂·梅洛開始找工作，她登錄到CareerBuilder網(wǎng)站，發(fā)現(xiàn)在馬里蘭州哥倫比亞的Artitron媒體信息服務(wù)公司的人力資源部有一個空缺。梅洛鼠標一點，用電子郵件把簡歷寄到了該公司，很快就收到面試通知。To find out more about the company, she clicked on to Artitrons home page and that of its parent company, Ceridian Corp., where she reviewed an annual report and the companys financial pe

35、rformance. 為了了解該公司的更多情況，她又點擊了Artitron的主頁，以及它的母公司Ceridian Corp.的主頁，查看了一份該公司的年度報告及其財政狀況。Mello also wanted to know how much shed have to earn to maintain her present standard of living. Using an online salary calculator, she typed in her current salary, $34,000, and Baltimore (the nearest big city to C

36、olumbia). Within seconds her computer flashed $44,000. “Because of the salary calculator, I knew what to ask for,” says Mello. 梅洛還想了解，要想維持現(xiàn)有的生活水平，自己該賺多少錢。她使用在線薪酬計算器，把自己目前的收入$34,000輸進去，再輸入Baltimore（巴爾的摩，離哥倫比亞最近的大城市）。短短幾秒鐘后，電腦屏幕上就閃現(xiàn)出$44,000?！耙驗橛辛诉@個薪酬計算器，我才知道自己該要多少薪水，”梅洛說。By accessing an online real es

37、tate service, she saw color photos of rental properties, including detailed floor plans. When Mello arrived in Columbia, she felt completely prepared. The interview was a success, and the next day she was offered a job at a salary of $47,800. 通過上網(wǎng)進入一家在線房地產(chǎn)服務(wù)公司網(wǎng)站，梅洛看到了可供租用的房子的彩色照片，包括很詳細的樓面格局圖。梅洛來到哥倫比

38、亞時，她覺得自己完全做好了準備。面試成功了，第二天，她就得到了一份工作，薪金是47,8000美元。“The Internet is easy to use and it works,” says one job seeker, “What more could you want?” “因特網(wǎng)很容易使用，而且確實有效，”一個求職者說道，“你還要什么呢？” UNIT3The victim廣告的受害者You could call me a shop-a-holic, as most of my friends do, but I call myself a lover of fashion. Sit

39、ting in my room, I look in my closet at all my belongings and wonder what else I want to buy. Abercrombie, Guess, J Crew and Ralph Lauren are just a few of the name-brand items that clutter my room. And I want more. I've never stopped to question whether I'm getting what I'm paying for,

40、though I've always been a "smart" shopper, a sale shopper. But, as I learn more about my future field, marketing, I realize that I am a victim of advertising. All the things I want and buy are influenced by what magazines, television, and other advertisers tell me I need to buy. 你可以說我是

41、購物狂，朋友大都這樣說我，不過我自認為是個時尚愛好者。坐在房間里，看著衣櫥里所有的東西，我總是在想還有什么要買的。Abercrombie, Guess, J Crew, Ralph Lauren，還有其他名牌產(chǎn)品，充斥著我的房間，但我還想要更多。我從不考慮我買的東西是否物有所值，雖然我買東西一直都很“精明”，買的都是打折的商品。然而，我對將來要從事的營銷領(lǐng)域了解越深入，就越明白自己原來是深受廣告的左右。我想要的，我所買的，都受到雜志、電視或別的廣告商的影響，它們在告訴我該買些什么。Everyone wears clothes. They can be a statement, a style,

42、 or a definition of who you are. They can also be a simple necessity. For me, clothing has meant different things. As a child, I wore what my mother gave me or the hand-me-downs from my sister. I never questioned how I looked, but I liked to dress up. 人人都穿衣服，衣著可以展現(xiàn)個性，顯示品味，定義性格，也可以只是為了滿足基本的需求。對我而言，衣著

43、在不同時期有不同的意義。小時候，媽媽給什么我就穿什么，要不就穿姐姐的舊衣服。我從不考慮衣著打扮，不過我喜歡穿得漂漂亮亮的。In middle school, I became more concerned with my appearance, like most girls. But as I progressed to high school, advertising became a big influence. Boys began to notice girls, and all the girls wanted to look good. The clothing in high

44、school became something that defined you; it identified you with a certain group. Wearing Abercrombie jeans meant you were the preppy all-American girl, a Guess shirt meant you were the snobby rich girl, and anything worse or less than that was unacceptable. 初中時，像大多數(shù)女生一樣，我開始在意自己的打扮。但從高中開始，廣告對我產(chǎn)生了很大的

45、影響。男生開始留意女生，每個女生都想打扮得漂漂亮亮。高中時衣著界定你的身份，并將你歸入某一群體。穿Abercrombie牌的牛仔褲說明你是典型的美國女生，干凈利落；穿Guess的襯衫說明你是富家千金，自命不凡，任何其他差一些的衣服都是不可接受的。In college, advertising hit me in a different way. College is a place where typically no one knows you at first, so you can be whoever you want to be. There are so many students

46、 and such a variety of people that clothing begins to define you less and less and your personality begins to define you more and more. Everyone is growing and changing and beginning to learn who they really are. Yet my friends and I still turn to advertising, now not only to stay in fashion but mor

47、e so to find our own style. In my quest for identity, the style of clothing I choose reflects me. It shows my personality and shows what type of person I am. 上大學后，廣告又用另外的方式影響著我。大學里，最初通常沒有人認識你，所以你想怎樣穿戴都行。學生很多，而且什么人都有，以穿戴看人的情況越來越少，以個性判斷人的情況越來越多。每個人都在成長、改變，開始為真正的自己定位。我和朋友們依然關(guān)注廣告，不過現(xiàn)在不只是為了緊跟時尚，更多的是想找到自己

48、的風格。在尋找個性的過程中，我所選擇的衣服樣式反映我，顯示我的個性，表明我是哪種類型的人。Despite my choice to have my clothing reflect and not define me, I remain a victim of advertising. Although I look to ads for the upcoming styles, I am still affected by the underlying images behind them. Advertising reflects society and also adds to soci

49、etal definitions. Advertisers show us people around us, yet they choose only a certain look. By showing us just these people, they are defining those few as the beautiful people. Advertising feeds off human insecurities and makes us want to be like these beautiful people. Our insecurities with wanti

50、ng to be popular and wanting to be loved are used against us. Society fosters the fascination that we should not be who we are, and advertisers use this to influence us to believe certain messages. If we do not look like the models, we are not beautiful. If we are not thin and curvy we are not attra

51、ctive. Even if we have great personalities, most people will not like us if we are not physically beautiful. 雖然我決心讓衣服反映，而不是代表我本人，但廣告還是在左右著我。雖然我看廣告的目的是想了解最新潮流，可我還是會受到廣告的潛在信息的影響。廣告反映社會，也豐富了社會的含義。廣告給我們看到的是我們身邊的人，但他們只選擇特定的類型。通過展現(xiàn)這一類人，廣告將這極少數(shù)人定義為俊男美女。廣告利用人們不甘人后的心理，慫恿我們?nèi)W這些俊男美女。我們想受人歡迎、想得到擁戴，這些心理正好被用來對付我們

52、自己。人們向往變成別的模樣，社會又推波助瀾，廣告就利用這些來影響我們?nèi)ハ嘈拍承┬畔ⅲ阂谴┐髋c模特有差距，就不能算漂亮；要是不苗條，曲線不美，就沒有吸引力；要是其貌不揚，就算性格再好，大多數(shù)人還是不會喜歡我們。Advertisers use our weaknesses to tell us what is new, what we should be like, what is cool, and what is hot. Because human nature makes us want to be popular and glamorous, we follow the lead ad

53、s give us. Is it the victim's fault for believing, or the fault of society for allowing advertisers to do so? These are the questions I often ask myself as I enter the field of marketing. It is very easy to use human insecurities as a means of targeting consumption, but is it right? How will we

54、ever know unless we step back and stop reading magazines and watching television? Until then, I will remain a victim of advertising. And so will almost everyone else.廣告利用我們的弱點告訴我們什么最新潮，我們應(yīng)該是什么樣子，什么最酷，什么最熱門。我們都想受人歡迎，魅力四射，這是人性使然，所以我們會對廣告言聽計從。這應(yīng)該怪人們相信廣告嗎？還是該怪社會縱容廣告誤導人？我進入營銷業(yè)之后，經(jīng)?？紤]的就是這些問題。利用人的不甘人后的心理來促

55、進消費固然是件輕而易舉的事，但這樣做對嗎？要想找出答案，我們就得退一步，不再讀雜志，不再看電視。不然的話，我還是擺脫不了廣告的左右。別的人也是如此。UNIT4Death of dream夢斷魂縈They boarded the plane in New York City with high hopes. The 18 members of the United States figure skating team would fly to Brussels, Belgium. Then they were to go on to Prague, Czechoslovakia, for the

56、 world ice skating championships. A photo was taken of the team members as they stood on the steps of the Sabena Airlines 707 jet. The best of Americas skaters beamed for the camera. Mostly young, they laughed and giggled, their eyes dancing with excitement. This was going to be the time of their li

57、ves. 在紐約，美國花樣滑冰隊的18名成員躊躇滿志地登上飛機。他們將飛往比利時的布魯塞爾，在那兒轉(zhuǎn)機，到（前）捷克斯洛伐克去參加在布拉格舉辦的世界花樣滑冰錦標賽。站在比利時沙比那航空公司的707噴氣機的舷梯上，全體成員合影留念。這批全美頂尖的滑冰運動員在照相機前笑臉盈盈，開心地笑著，眼睛里舞動著激動與興奮。這將成為他們生命中珍貴的一刻。There were three ice skating pairs on the plane. Two were brother-and-sister teams: Laurie and William Hickox and Ida and Ray Hadl

58、ey. There was also the husband-and-wife team of Patricia and Robert Dineen. But the brightest star of all was a singles skater. Her name was Laurence “Laurie” Owen. Only 16 years old, she had won the North American title for women just two days earlier. Laurie had great skill, dazzling grace, and a

59、winning smile. 機上有三對雙人組合，其中兩對是兄妹組合：希科克斯兄妹和哈德利兄妹，另一對是夫妻搭檔，迪寧夫婦。但眾星之中最耀眼的是一名單人滑選手。她叫勞倫斯·歐文，人稱“勞利”。年僅16歲的她，兩天前剛奪得北美花樣滑冰女子冠軍。勞利技巧嫻熟，優(yōu)雅無比，笑靨如花。Laurie came from a skating family. Her mother, Maribel, had won the U.S figure skating championship nine times. Laurie had an older sister who shared her mothers name. Maribel Owen, age 20, was not quite as strong a skater as Laurie. Still, she had just won the U.S. senior pairs championship. All three of the Owen women were on the plane bound for Brussels. 勞利出生于滑冰世家。母親瑪麗貝爾曾九次將美國花樣滑冰冠軍收入囊中。