職稱英語理工類C級-57_真題-無答案

1、職稱英語理工類 C級-57（總分100,考試時(shí)間90分鐘）第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)下面每個(gè)句子中均有 1個(gè)詞或者短語畫有底橫線， 請為每處畫線部分確定一個(gè)意義最為接近 的選項(xiàng)。1.Butintheendheapprovedofourproposal.A. un doubtedlyB.certai nlyC.ultimatelyD.n ecessarily2.Foryoungchildre n,getti ngdressedisacomplicatedbus in ess.A.stra ngeB.complexC.pers onalD.funny3. In Britainandmany otherco

2、un triesappraisal is nowatool ofman ageme nt.A.evaluati onB.efficie ncyC.producti onD.publicity4.Thesearetheirmotivesfordoi ngit.A.reas onsB.excusesC.a nswersD.pla ns5.Theriverwide nscon siderablyasitbeg instoturnwest.A.twistsB.stretchesC.broade nsD.bends6.He nrycannotresistthelureofdrugs.A.abuseB.f

3、lavorC.temptatio nD.con sumpti on7.Theseprogrammesareofimme nsevaluetooldpeople.A .n aturalB.fatalC.ti nyD.eno rmous8.Agreatdealhasbee ndonetoremedythesituatio n. A.mai ntainB.improveC.assessD.protect9.Joh niscollaborat ingwithMaryinwriti nganarticle.A.cooperat ingB.compet ingC.combi ningD.argui ng1

4、0.Heisdeterm inedtocon solidatehispower.A.stre ngthe nB.co ntrolC.abandonD.exercise11.Ma nyscie ntistshavebee nprob ingpsychologicalproblems.A.solv ingB.explori ngC.settl ingD.ha ndli ng12. Heari ng problems may bealleviated bycha nges in diet and exercisehabits.A.removedB.curedC.worse nedD.relieved

5、13. The carsare tested fordefects beforeleavi ngthefactory.A.fu nctio nsB.faultsC.moti onsD.parts14.Thefoodisin sufficie ntforthreepeople.A.i nsta ntB.i nfin iteC.i nexpe nsiveD.i nadequate15.Thousa ndsofpeopleperishedinthestorm.A.diedB.sufferedC.floatedD.scattered第2部分：閱讀判斷El Nino （厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象）While some

6、 forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 El Nino a few mon ths in adva nee, the Columbia Uni versity researchers say their method can predict large El Nino events up to two years in adva nee. That would be good n ews for gover nmen ts, farmers and others seek ing to pla n for the

7、 droughts and heavy rain fall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world.Using a computer, the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate El Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface temp

8、eratures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare, a meteorologist at the Un iversity of California. Davis, who was not in volved in the work, said it "suggests El Nino is in deed predictable".&

9、quot;This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods," said Weare. He added that the new method "makes it possible to predict El Nino at long lead times". Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have no t looked as far back because the

10、y need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said.The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importanee. The 1997 El Nino, for example, caused an estimated $9.0 billion in damage worldwide, offset by ben eficial effects in other areas, said Da

11、vid An ders on, of the Europea n Centre for Medium-Ra nge Weather Forecasts in Readi ng En gla nd. "The 1877 El Nino, mean while, coin cided with a failure of the In dia n monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 milli on in In dia and China, prompti ng the developme nt of seas onal forecast

12、i ng," An ders on said.When El Ni no hit in 1991 and 1997, 200 millio n people were affected by floodi ng in Chi na alone, accord ing to a 2002 Un ited Nati ons report.While predicting smaller El Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger onesshould be in creased to at least a ye

13、ar if the new method is con firmed.El Nino tends to develop betwee n April and June and reaches its peak betwee n December andFebruary. The warm ing tends to last betwee n 9 and 12 mon ths and occurs every two to seve n years.The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in th

14、e next two years, although a weak warm ing toward the end of this year is possible.16. The method used by the Columbia Uni versity researchers can predict El Ni no a few mon ths in adva nee. A.RightB.Wro ngC.Not men tio ned17. The Columbia Un iversity researchers studied the relati on ship betwee n

15、the past El Ni nooccurre nces and sea-surface temperatures.A.RightB.Wr ongC.Not men ti oned18. The Columbia Uni versity researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match thepast El Ni no occurre nces.A.RightB.Wro ngC.Not men ti oned19. Weare's con tributi on in predict ing ElNin

16、o, was highly praisedby othermeteorologists.A.RightB.Wr ongC.Not men ti oned20. According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997affected 200 millio n Chin ese people.A.RightB.Wro ngC.Not men tio ned21. It takes peak.A.Right22. A special Nin o.A.Rightabout eight

17、B.Wro ngin stitutehasB.Wro ngmon thsforC.Not men ti onedbee nset upC.Not men tio nedEl Ninoin Americato reach itsto study El第3部分：概括大意與完成句子Icy Microbes1. In ice that has sealed a salty Antarctic lake for more than 2,800 years, scientists have found froze n bacteria and algae that retur ned to life af

18、ter thaw ing. The research may help in the search for life on Mars, which is thought to have subsurface lakes of ice.2. A research team led by Peter Doran of the University of Illinois at Chicago drilled through more tha n 39 feet ice to collect samples of bacteria and algae. When Doran's team b

19、rought them back and warmed them up a bit, they spra ng back to life.3. Doran said the microbes have bee n age-dated at 2,800 years old, but even older microbes may live deeper in the ice sheet sealing the lake, and in the briny water below the ice. That deeper ice and the water itself will be cauti

20、ously sampled in a later expedition that will test techniques that may one day be used on Mars.4. Called Lake Vida, the 4.5-square-kilometer body is one of a series of lakes located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of An tarctica, some 2,200 kilometers due south of New Zeala nd. This lakehas bee n known s

21、ince the 1950s, but people ignored it because they thought it was just a big block of ice. While at the site for other research in the 1990s, Doran and his colleagues sent radar sig nals into the clear ice covering the lake and were surprised to find that 62 feet below there was a pool of liquid wat

22、er that was about seve n times more salty tha n seawater.5. That prompted the researchers to return in 1996 with equipment to drill a hole down to with in a few feet of the water layer. At the bottom of this hole, researchers harvested specime ns of algae and bacteria.6. The searchers will return in

23、 2004 equipped with instruments that are sterilized. They willthen drill through the full 62 feet of ice and sample some of the briny water from the lake for analysis. The water specimen will be cultured to see if it contains life. Specimens from the water are expected to be even older tha n the lif

24、e forms extracted from the ice coveri ng.A . Significanee of Testing Techniques for Sampling Microbes in the Deep Ice SheetB . Special Features of Lake VidaC. Later Expedition on MarsD . 2004 Revisit Planned for Collecting Lake Water SpecimensE. Antarctic Frozen Life Sampled and RevivedF. Accide nta

25、l Discovery of Ice-sealed Lake Water in An tarctica23. Paragraph 224. Paragraph 325. Paragraph 426. Paragraph 627. A . is found to be a great deal higher than that of seawater B . was of little scientific valueC . may be older tha n that collected below 39 feet of ice D . might *e from Mars E . is t

26、o collect some briny lake water for an alysis F . may retur n to life sooner tha n microbes froze n in the surface ice Scien tists ignored Lake Vida because they thought that a lake of ice.28. Scien tists expect that the life, if found in deeper water below the ice sheet,.29. What the scie ntists wi

27、ll do in 2004.30. The salt concen tratio n in the liquid water of Lake Vida.第4部分：閱讀理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。第一篇Los ing WeightGirls as young as 10 years old are diet ing and in dan ger of develop ing un healthy attitudes about weight, body image and food, a group of Toronto researchers

28、 reported Tuesday.Their study of 2,279 girls aged 10 to 14 showed that while the vast majority had healthy weights, nearly a third felt they were overweight and were trying to lose pounds. Even at the ten der age of 10, n early 32 perce nt of girls felt "too fat" and 31 perce nt said they

29、were trying to diet.McVey, a researcher at the Hospital for Sick Childre n in Toron to, and her colleagues an alyzed the data collected in a nu mber of surveys of souther n On tario school girls betwee n 1993 and 2003,reporting their findings in Tuesday's issue of the Canadian Medical Associatio

30、n Journal.Nearly 80 perce nt of the girls had a healthy body weight and only 7.2 perce nt were con sidered overweight using sta ndard weight-to-height ratios. Most researchers suggest the rate of overweight children in this country is several times higher than that figure.Nearly 30 percent of the gi

31、rls reported they were currently trying to lose weight, though few admitted to dan gerous behavior such as self- in duced vomiti ng.Still, a test that measured attitudes towards eat ing showed 10.5 perce nt of survey participa nts were already at risk of developing an eating disorder."We're

32、 not talking about kids who've been prescribed a diet because they're above average weight or overweight. We're talk ing about childre n who are with in a healthy weight ran ge. And they have take n it upon themselves to diet to lose weight," McVey said, ack no wledg ing she found t

33、he rates disturbing. She said striking a balance between healthy weights and healthy attitudes towards food and body image is a complex task, with no easy solutions.31. The study showed that most of the girls .A.were overweight B.were on adiet C.had un healthy attitudes about weight D.had a healthy

34、body weight32. What perce ntage of the girls con sidered themselves overweight?A.Nearly 80percent.B.7.2 percent. C.Nearly 30 percent.D.10.5perce nt.33. The survey participa nts were girls.A.who were 10B.who were14 C.who were 10 to 14D.who were 10 to 1834. What kind school.charity.ofin stituti ondoes

35、 the lead researcher workB.A hospital. C.An association.with?A.AD.AdisorderB.result from self-induced vomitingC.make it easier to gainweightD.bring about *petition35. Un healthy attitudes about weight,body image and food may.A.lead to an eating第-二二篇Will Quality Eat Up the U.S. Lead in Software?If U.

36、S. *pa nies don't pay more atte nti on to quality, they could kiss their bus in ess goodbye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top U.S. quality specialists whose voices are not liste ned to in the

37、ir coun try.Already, of the world's 12 software houses that have earned the highest rati ng in the world, seve n are in In dia. That's largely because they have used new methodologies rejected by America n software specialists. For example, for decades, quality specialists, W. Edwards Deming

38、 and J.M. Jura n had urged U.S. *pa nies to cha nge their attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the U.S. but not in Japa n. By the 1970s and 1980s, Japa n was grabb ing marketshare with better, cheaper products. They used Deming's and Juran's ideas to bring

39、 down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total product ion costs. In U.S. factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50% In software, it still is.Watts S. Humphrey spe nt 27 years at IBM headi ng up software product ion and the n quality assuranee. But his advice was seldo

40、m paid attention to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and aga in. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raythe on Electr on ics Systems was almost 60% of total software producti on costs. It

41、fell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10%.Like Deming and Jura n, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas tha n at home. The Indian government and *panies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality In stitute at the Software Tech no logy Park in Chenn ai, I

42、 ndia. Let's hope that U.S. lead in software will not be eate n up by its quality problems.36. Which country has more highest-*panies in the world than any other countryhas?A .In dia.B.TheU.S. C.Brazil.D.Germa ny.37. Which of the following statements about Humphrey is true?A.He is now still an I

43、BMemployer. B.He has worked for IBM for 37 years.C.ln dia honors him highly. D.The U.S.pays much atte nti on to his quality advice.38. By what mea ns did Jap an grab its large market share by the 1970s and the 1980s?A.Its advertising was most successful. B.Its products were cheaper in price and bett

44、er in quality. C.The U.S. hardware industry was lagging behind. D.Japan hired a lot of Indian software specialists.39. What does the founding of the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute symbolize?A.It symbolizes the U.S. determ in ati on to move ahead with its software. B.It symbolizes the Japa

45、 nese efforts to solve the software quality problem. C.It symbolizes the In dia n ambiti on to take the lead in software. D.It symbolizes the Chin ese policy on importi ng software.40. What is the writer worrying about?A.Many U.S. software specialists are working forJapa n.B.The quality problem has

46、become a worldwide problem.C.I ndia and Japa n arejoining hands to compete with the U.S. D.The U.S. will no Ion ger be the first software player in the world.第三篇Young Female Chimps Outlear n Their BrothersYoung female chimps are faster and better lear ners tha n young male chimps, suggest a new stud

47、y, echo ing lear ning differe nces see n in huma n girls and boys.While young male chimps pass their time playing, young female chimps carefully study their mothers. As a result, they lear n how to fish fortasty termite sn acks over two years before the boys.Elizabeth Lonsdorf, now at Lincoln Park Z

48、oo in Chicago, US, and colleagues at the University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, spent four years watching how young chimpanzees in the Gombe National Park in Tanzania learned "cultural behavior".The sex differences in learning behavior were "consistent and strikingly apparent", say

49、s the team. The researchers point out that similar differences are seen in human children with regard to skills such as writ in g. "A sex-based lear ning differe nces may therefore date back at least to the *m on an cestor of chimpa nzees and huma ns," they write in the jour nal Nature.Chi

50、mps make flexible tools from vegetati on and the n insert them into termite mounds extract them and then munch the termites clinging onto the tool. The researchers used video cameras to record this feedi ng behavior and found that each chimp mother had her own tech niq ue. Such as how she used tools

51、 of differe nt len gths.An alysis of the six infants whose ages were known showed that girl chimps were an average of 31 mon ths old whe n they succeeded in fishi ng out their termites, where the boy chimps were aged 58 mon ths on average. Females were also more skillful at gett ing out more termite

52、s with every dip and used tech niq ues similar to their mothers while males did not.In stead of study ing their mothers, the boy chimps spe nt a sig ni fica ntly greater amount of time frolick ing around the termite mound. Behaviors such as play ing or swinging might help the male infan ts later in

53、life whe n typically male activities like hun ti ng or fight ing for dominance become importa nt, suggest the researchers.Lon sdorf adds that there are just two main sources of ani mal protein for chimps the termites or colobus mon keys. "Mature males ofte n hunt mon keys up trees. But females

54、are almost always either preg nant or burde ned with a cli nging infan ts. This makes hun ti ng difficult," she says. "Adult females spend more time fishing for termites than males." So becoming proficient at termite fishing could mean adult females eat better, "They can watch th

55、eir offspring at the same time. The young of both sexes seem to pursue activities related to their adult sex roles at a very young age."41. Why do young female chimps learn faster than young male chimps at fishing for termites?A.Because young female chimps don't play with their brothers. B.

56、Because young female chimps beg in to study their mothers earlier. C.Because young male chimps n ever learn to fish for termites. D.Because young male chimps are not in terested in termites.42. What are the tools with which chimps fish for termites?A.Treebran ches.B.Vegetables. C.Fruits.D.Grass.43.

57、Which of the following is true about chimps fishing for termites according to Paragraph 6?A.Males *pete with females in fishing for termites. B.Males could get out more termites with every dip. C.Females could get out more termites with every dip. D.Males are good at mastering technique for fishing

58、for termites.44. How did the researchers expla in the fact that boy chimps spe nt more time on play in g?A.Theylike hun ti ng.B.They enjoy fighti ng.C.It helps them to stay fit. D.It will make them goodfighters and hun ters in the future.45. According to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?A.Adult chimps hunt mon keys while young chimps fish for termites. B.The mai n source of ani mal protein for malechimps is