初步解析名詞性從句

1、初步解析名詞性從句名詞性從句(1)名詞性從句的含義：在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses）。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組 , 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等， 因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。(2)名詞性從句的種類：名詞性從句共有四種，它們是：主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句主語從句主語從句1. 定義：用作主語的從句叫做主語從句 .2. 構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞 + 簡單句（1） 從屬連詞that.如:That they were sisters was unknown to anyon

2、e.她們是姐妹這件事好象沒任何人知道。（ 2） 從屬連詞 whether.如:Whether he ll come here isn t clear.他是否會來這里還不清楚。（3）連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whate ver, whichever（ 4）連接副詞 where, when, how, why.如:What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone.這事怎樣發(fā)生的 ,誰也不清楚。（5）縮合連接代詞和縮合連接副詞

3、Whoever comes is welcome. 不論誰來都歡迎。Wherever you are is my home, my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家我唯一的家。特別注意： if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句不能放在句首。以 what 等連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句What youneed is more practice.你需要的是更多的練習(xí)。Whatever was said has left us much to think. 這里說的話都應(yīng)當(dāng)保密。Whoever wants it may have it. 誰要都可以給他。<><><>同類的連

4、接代詞還有：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever以 that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句It was strange that he had made a mistake.真奇怪，他竟然錯了?！癷t ”叫做“形式主語”，以“ that ”引導(dǎo)的主語從句，常用如上的表達法。<><><>“that ”從句直接放在句首的情況較少，通常是因為行文的需要才這么做的。That we need more equipment is quite obvious.我們需要更多的設(shè)備，這是很明顯的。主語從句的引

5、導(dǎo)詞that 什么時候可以省略當(dāng)主語從句不太長時， 引導(dǎo)詞“that ”可以省略。如：It s clear (that) he has done his best.很明顯他已經(jīng)盡力而為了。It s a wonder (that) he didn t fail.真奇怪，他沒有失敗。以 whether 引導(dǎo)的主語從句Whether he will join us won t make too much difference.(It s wont take too much difference whetherhe will join us.)他是否加入我們，沒有太大的差別。以 if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句

6、以 if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句不能放在句首， 只能采用外置形式，It is doubtful if he will come.It is doubtful whether he will come.Whether he will come is doubtful.他是否會來值得懷疑。以 because引導(dǎo)的主語從句because 很少用來引導(dǎo)的主語從句，只能用于“Just because.doesnt mean”句式中，才能引導(dǎo)主語從句。Just because someonesbeen arrested for domestic violence priordoesn tnecessarily m

7、ean that they reguilty of a heinouscrime.Of course, just because hedagreed to them did ntmean he plannedto abide by them.it 作形式主語的主語從句-1主語從句可以用 it 作形式主語。常以 it 作形式主語的句型有以下五種：（ 1）It + be + 形容詞 + that 從句。It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。It is probable that he told her everyt

8、hing.很可能他把一切都告訴她了。以下是適合本句型的形容詞：obviousnaturaltruesurprisinfunnygoodgwonderfupossible likelylit 作形式主語的主語從句-2（ 2） It + be + 名詞詞組 + that 從句。It s a pity that we can t go.很遺憾我們不能去。It s no surprise that our team should have wonthe game.我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。以下是適合此類句型的名詞詞組：anno wonderhonouragood nothingsurpriseit 作形

9、式主語的主語從句-3（3）It + be + 過去分詞 +that 從句。It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.據(jù)報道中國又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。以下是適合本句型過去分詞：arrangedannounceddecidedexpectedthoughtreportedit 作形式主語的主語從句-4（ 4） It + seem, happen 等不及

10、物動詞及短語 +that 從句。It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice 似乎不來參加晚會。It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。it 作形式主語的主語從句-5（ 5） It + doesn t matter + 連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。It doesn t matter whether she will come or not.她是否來這無關(guān)緊要。It doesn t matter when you ll come back.你什么時候回來都沒關(guān)系。It

11、 doesnt matter how far it is; we can go bybike.路遠也不要緊 , 我們可以騎車去。表語從句在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句。 表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同。Whatthe police wantto knowis when youentered the room.警察想知道的是你什么時候進的房間。The trouble is that we are short of funds.困難是我們?nèi)狈Y金。This is what we should do.這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做的。That s why I want you to work ther

12、e.那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因。His firstquestion was whether Mr. Smith hadarrived yet.他的第一個問題是史密斯先生到了沒有。<><><>as if, as though, because 也可用來引導(dǎo)表語從句。She seems as if she had done a great thing.她看起來好像做了一件大事。It is because you eat too much.那是因為你吃得太多了。特別注意：if 不能引導(dǎo)表語從句。賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的注意事項1.

13、 賓語從句必須用陳述語序。He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.2. 有時候可以用 it 作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。I thought it impossible that he couldfinish thisjob in just two hours.He left it to my judgment whetherwe shouldcontinue this project.3. 帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。I don t think he likes the English teach

14、er.4. 主句一般過去時態(tài)，從句也要用過去時態(tài)。He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞基本相同。點擊這里：請參考主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。賓語從句可以作及物動詞的賓語，作短語動詞的賓語，介詞的賓語。特別注意：if“是否”，可以做賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞； 不能做主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。及物動詞后的賓語從句Everybody knows that money doesn t grow ontrees.誰都知道錢不是長在樹上。Do you know where I can find her?你知道在什么地方可以找到她？Ha

15、veyoudecided whereyouwillgo foraholiday?你有沒有決定到什么地方去度假？短語動詞后的賓語從句Please go andfindout whenthetrainwillarrive.請去弄清楚火車什么時候到。Theteacherpointedout thatTomhadn tstudied hard enough.老師指出湯姆學(xué)習(xí)不夠努力。That depends on how you do it.那得看你怎么做的。形容詞后的“that 從句”形容詞后的“that 從句”She was glad that everything was all right.她

16、很高興一切都很順利。I am sure (that) he is here now.我確信他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)來了。They were insistent (that) we be ready. (Formal)他們堅持我們得做好準(zhǔn)備。I m sorry (that) he should have left. (Formal)我很遺憾他得這么就離開了。同類形容詞有：afraid, angry, annoyed, anxious, delighted, eager, frightened, glad, happy, hurt, pleased, proud, relieved, sad, sorry, s

17、urprised, upset, worried.介賓從句I am curious as to what they are going to donext.我對他們下一步打算做什么很感興趣。The twin sisters differ only in that one is a bit fatter than the other one.這對雙胞胎姐妹的區(qū)別， 僅僅在于其中一個比另一個稍胖一點。I am interested in what she is doing. 我對她做的事感興趣。特別注意：We havent settled the question of _ it is neces

18、sary for him to study abroad.A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that（ 06江蘇）賓語從句：否定的轉(zhuǎn)移有些表示思想和感情的動詞之后的賓語從句中的否定式可以注意到這些動詞之前。I don t suppose youre used to this diet.= I suppose you aren t used to this diet.我想你不習(xí)慣這種飲食。<>I don t imagine she will win the championship.= I imagine she won t win the championship.我認為她得不了冠軍。<>I didn t expect she would pass the entrance examination.I expected she w