ZA計(jì)算機(jī)上機(jī)試驗(yàn)報(bào)告試驗(yàn)四029

1、CTGS-資料文件實(shí)驗(yàn)四數(shù)組、指針與字符串1.實(shí)驗(yàn)追求1 .學(xué)習(xí)使用數(shù)組2 .學(xué)習(xí)字符串?dāng)?shù)據(jù)的組織和處理3 .學(xué)習(xí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)C+庫(kù)的使用4 .掌握指針的使用方法5 .練習(xí)通過(guò)Debug觀察指針的內(nèi)容及其所指的對(duì)象的內(nèi)容6 .聯(lián)系通過(guò)動(dòng)態(tài)內(nèi)存分配實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)組，并思想到指針在其中的作用7 .分別使用字符數(shù)組和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)C+庫(kù)練習(xí)處理字符串的方法2. 實(shí)驗(yàn)要求1 .編寫(xiě)并測(cè)試3*3矩陣轉(zhuǎn)置函數(shù)，使用數(shù)組保存3*3矩陣。2 .使用動(dòng)態(tài)內(nèi)存分配生成動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)組來(lái)重新完成上題，使用指針實(shí)現(xiàn)函數(shù)的功能。3 .編程實(shí)現(xiàn)兩字符串的連接。要求使用字符數(shù)組保存字符串，不要使用系統(tǒng)函數(shù)。4 .使用string類定義字符串對(duì)象，重新實(shí)

2、現(xiàn)上一小題。5 .定義一個(gè)Employee類，其中包括姓名、街道地址、城市和郵編等屬性，以及change_name（）和display。等函數(shù)。Display。顯示姓名、街道地址、城市和郵編等屬性，change_name（）改變對(duì)象的姓名屬性。實(shí)現(xiàn)并測(cè)試這個(gè)類。6 .定義包含5個(gè)元素的對(duì)象數(shù)組，每個(gè)元素都是Employee類型的對(duì)象。7 .（選做）修改實(shí)驗(yàn)4中的選做實(shí)驗(yàn)中的people（人員）類。具有的屬性如下：姓名charname11、編號(hào)charnumber7、性別charsex3、生日birthday、身份證號(hào)charid16o其中"出生日期"定義為一個(gè)"日

3、期"類內(nèi)嵌對(duì)象。用成員函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)人員信息的錄入和顯示。要求包括：構(gòu)造函數(shù)和析構(gòu)函數(shù)、拷貝構(gòu)造函數(shù)、內(nèi)聯(lián)成員函數(shù)、聚集。在測(cè)試程序中定義people類的對(duì)象數(shù)組，錄入數(shù)據(jù)并顯示。3. 實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容及實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1. 編寫(xiě)矩陣轉(zhuǎn)置函數(shù)，輸入?yún)?shù)為3*3整形數(shù)組，使用循環(huán)語(yǔ)句實(shí)現(xiàn)矩陣元素的行列對(duì)調(diào)，注意在循環(huán)語(yǔ)句中究竟需要對(duì)哪些元素進(jìn)行制作，編寫(xiě)main（）函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)輸入、輸出。程序名：lab6_1.cpp。2 .改寫(xiě)矩陣轉(zhuǎn)置函數(shù)，參數(shù)為整型指針，使用指針對(duì)數(shù)組元素進(jìn)行制作，在main（）函數(shù)中使用new制作符分配內(nèi)存生成動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)組。通過(guò)Debug觀察指針的內(nèi)容及其所指的對(duì)象中的內(nèi)容。程序名：lab6

4、_2.cpp。3 .編程實(shí)現(xiàn)兩字符串的連接。定義字符數(shù)組保存字符串，在程序中提示用戶輸入兩個(gè)字符串，實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)字符串的連接，最后用cout語(yǔ)句顯示輸出。程序名：lab6_3.cpp。用cin實(shí)現(xiàn)輸入，注意，字符串的結(jié)束標(biāo)志是ASCII碼0,使用循環(huán)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行字符串間的字符拷貝。4 .使用string類定義字符串對(duì)象，編程實(shí)現(xiàn)兩字符串的連接。在string類中已重載了運(yùn)算符“+=”實(shí)現(xiàn)字符串的連接，可以使用這個(gè)功能。程序名：lab6_4.cpp。5 .在employee.h文件中定義Employee類。Employee類具有姓名、街道地址、城市和郵編等私有數(shù)據(jù)成員，在成員函數(shù)中，構(gòu)造函數(shù)用來(lái)初始化所

5、有數(shù)據(jù)成員；display（）中使用cout顯示姓名、街道地址、城市和郵編等屬性，change_name（）改變類中表示姓名屬性的數(shù)據(jù)成員。在主程序中定義這個(gè)類的對(duì)象并對(duì)其進(jìn)行制作。程序名：lab6_5.cpp。6 .使用上一小題中定義的Employee類定義對(duì)象數(shù)組emp5,使用循環(huán)語(yǔ)句把數(shù)據(jù)顯示出來(lái)。程序名：lab6_6.cpp。7 .思考題1. 如何存儲(chǔ)和處理字符串？（1）可以利用字符數(shù)組存儲(chǔ)和處理字符串。（2）利用系統(tǒng)提供的string類存儲(chǔ)和處理字符串。2. 頭文件string.h和頭文件string有何區(qū)另1J?包含頭文件string.h后，可以使用系統(tǒng)的字符串處理函數(shù)，如strc

6、at（連接）.strcpy（復(fù)制）.strcmp（比較）.strlen（求長(zhǎng)度）.strlwr（轉(zhuǎn)換為小寫(xiě)）.strupr（轉(zhuǎn)換為大寫(xiě)）等等。而包含頭文件string后，則可以定義string類，并且使用系統(tǒng)提供的string類制作符對(duì)string類型的對(duì)象進(jìn)行處理。3. 有幾種方法來(lái)表示和處理數(shù)組元素？(1)數(shù)組下標(biāo)方法，如ai(2)指針的方法，如int*p=&a05.源程序1.lab6_1.cpp#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;inta33;voidshowTrans()inti,j;cout<<"Thetr

7、anspositionmatrixis:"<<endl;for(j=0;j<3;j+)for(i=0;i<3;i+)cout<<aij;cout<<""cout<<endl;voidinput()inti,j;cout<<"Pleaseinputyour3*3matrix:"<<endl;for(i=0;i<3;i+)for(j=0;j<3;j+)cin>>aij;intmain()input();showTrans();return0;

8、2.lab6_2.cpp#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;int*p9;voidshowTrans()inti,j;cout<<"Thetranspositionmatrixis:"<<endl;for(i=0;i<3;i+)for(j=i;j<9;j=j+3)cout<<*pj;cout<<""cout<<endl;voidinput()inti,n;cout<<"Pleaseinputyour3*3matri

9、x:"<<endl;for(i=0;i<9;i+)cin>>n;pi=newint(n);intmain()input();showTrans();inti;for(i=0;i<9;i+)deletepi;return0;3.lab6_3.cpp#include<iostream>/不使用系統(tǒng)自帶函數(shù)strcpyusingnamespacestd;chara20="/0",b20="/0",c45="/0"intmain()inti,j,k;cout<<"

10、Inputthefirststring:"<<endl;cin.getline(a,20,'n');cout<<"Inputthesecondstring:"<<endl;cin.getline(b,20,'n');intm=0,n=0;/將數(shù)組a中的字符串拷貝到數(shù)組c中for(k=0;k<45,am!='0'k+,m+)ck=am;將數(shù)組b中的字符串接著a,拷貝到數(shù)組c中for(;k<45,bn!='0'k+,n+)ck=bn;cout<<

11、c;return0;4. lab6_4.cpp#include<iostream>#include<cstring>usingnamespacestd;chara20="/0",b20="/0"intmain()cout<<"Inputthefirststring:"<<endl;cin.getline(a,20,'n');cout<<"Inputthesecondstring:"<<endl;cin.getline(b,20,

12、'n');strings1=a;strings2=b;strings3=s1+s2;cout<<s3;return0;5. Employee.h#ifndefEmployee_H_INCLUDED#defineEmployee_H_INCLUDEDclassEmployeeprivate:charname15;charaddress25;charcity10;intpostcode;public:Employee();Employee(charn,chara,charc,intp);Employee();voidchange_name();voidchange_ad

13、dress();voidchange_city();voidchange_postcode();voiddisplay();#endif/Employee_H_INCLUDEDEmployee.cpp#include<iostream>#include"Employee.h"usingnamespacestd;Employee:Employee()Employee:Employee(charn,chara,charc,intp)name0=n;name1='0'address0=a;address1='0'city0=c;city

14、1='0'postcode=p;Employee:Employee()voidEmployee:change_name()cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedname:"<<endl;cin.getline(name,15,'n');voidEmployee:change_address()cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedaddress:"<<endl;cin.getline(address,25,'n');vo

15、idEmployee:change_city()cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedcity:"<<endl;cin.getline(city,10,'n');voidEmployee:change_postcode()cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedpostcode:"<<endl;cin>>postcode;voidEmployee:display()cout<<"Yourinformationshowsa

16、sfollow:"<<endl;cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;cout<<"address:"<<address<<endl;cout<<"city:"<<city<<endl;cout<<"postcode:"<<postcode<<endl;intmain()Employeeperson(1,1,1,1);person.dis

17、play();person.change_name();person.change_address();person.change_city();person.change_postcode();person.display();return0;6.Employee.h#ifndefEmployee_H_INCLUDED#defineEmployee_H_INCLUDEDclassEmployeeprivate:charname15;charaddress25;charcity10;intpostcode;public:Employee();Employee(charn,chara,charc

18、,intp);Employee();voidchange_name();voidchange_address();voidchange_city();voidchange_postcode();voiddisplay();#endif/Employee_H_INCLUDEDEmployee.cpp#include<iostream>#include"Employee.h"usingnamespacestd;Employee:Employee()Employee:Employee(charn,chara,charc,intp)name0=n;name1='

19、0'address0=a;address1='0'city0=c;city1='0'postcode=p;Employee:Employee()voidEmployee:change_name()cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedname:"<<endl;cin.getline(name,15,'n');voidEmployee:change_address()cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedaddress:"&l

20、t;<endl;cin.getline(address,25,'n');voidEmployee:change_city()cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedcity:"<<endl;cin.getline(city,10,'n');voidEmployee:change_postcode()cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedpostcode:"<<endl;cin>>postcode;voidEmployee

21、:display()cout<<"Yourinformationshowsasfollow:"<<endl;cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;cout<<"address:"<<address<<endl;cout<<"city:"<<city<<endl;cout<<"postcode:"<<postcode<<

22、;endl;intmain()Employeeemp5=Employee(1,1,1,1),Employee(2,2,2,2),Employee(3,3,3,3),Employee(4,4,4,4),Employee(5,5,5,5);inti;for(i=0;i<5;i+)empi.display();empi.change_name();empi.change_address();empi.change_city();empi.change_postcode();cin.get();for(i=0;i<5;i+)cout<<"Theemp"<

23、;<i<<""empi.display();return0;7.#include<iostream>#include<cstring>usingnamespacestd;/Date類classDateprivate:intyear;intmonth;intday;public:Date();Date(inty,intm,intd);Date(Date&p);Date();voidsetDate();voidshowDate();/People類，其中含Date類型的數(shù)據(jù)classPeopleprivate:charname1

24、1;charnumber7;charsex3;Datebirthday;charid16;public:People();People(char*n,char*nu,char*s,Dateb,char*i);People(People&p);People();voidsetName();voidsetNumber();voidsetSex();voidsetId();voidshowPeople();/Date構(gòu)造函數(shù)Date:Date()Date:Date(inty,intm,intd)year=y;month=m;day=d;Date:Date(Date&p)year=p.

25、year;month=p.month;day=p.day;/析構(gòu)inlineDate:Date()/Date成員函數(shù)，設(shè)置出生年月日voidDate:setDate()inty,m,d;cout<<"Inputtheyear:"cin>>y;cout<<"Inputthemonth:"cin>>m;cout<<"Inputtheday:"cin>>d;year=y;month=m;day=d;/Date內(nèi)聯(lián)成員函數(shù)，輸出年月日inlinevoidDate:show

26、Date()cout<<"Birthdayis"<<year<<"年"<<month<<"月"<<day<<"日"<<endl;/People構(gòu)造函數(shù)People:People();People:People(char*n,char*nu,char*s,Dateb,char*i)strcpy(name,n);strcpy(number,nu);strcpy(sex,s);birthday=b;strcpy(id,i);P

27、eople:People(People&p)strcpy(name,);strcpy(number,p.number);birthday=p.birthday;strcpy(id,p.id);/People析構(gòu)inlinePeople:People()/People成員函數(shù)，設(shè)置各類數(shù)據(jù)voidPeople:setName()cout<<"Pleaseinputtheperson'sname:"cin.getline(name,11,'n');voidPeople:setNumber()cout<<&quo

28、t;Inputnumber:"cin.getline(number,7,'n');voidPeople:setSex()cout<<"Inputsex:"cin.getline(sex,3,'n');voidPeople:setId()cout<<"Inputid:"cin.getline(id,16,'n');/People內(nèi)聯(lián)成員函數(shù)，輸出人員信息inlinevoidPeople:showPeople()cout<<"Name:"<

29、<name<<endl;cout<<"Number:"<<number<<endl;cout<<"Sex:"<<sex<<endl;cout<<"ID:"<<id<<endl;intmain()inti;charspaceA;/生成3個(gè)Date類型的對(duì)象Datedate3=Date(0,0,0),Date(0,0,0),Date(0,0,0);/生成3個(gè)People類型的對(duì)象Peopleperson3=Peop

30、le("0","0","0",date0,"0"),People("0","0","0",date1,"0"),People("0","0","0",date2,"0");/設(shè)置這3個(gè)對(duì)象的各類信息for(i=0;i<3;i+)personi.setName();personi.setNumber();personi.setSex();personi.

31、setId();datei.setDate();spaceA=getchar();輸出這3個(gè)對(duì)象的各類信息for(i=0;i<3;i+)personi.showPeople();datei.showDate();return0;6.運(yùn)行結(jié)果1.Pleaseinputyoui*3*3matrix：123456789Thetranspositionnatrixis：1472583692.Jleaseinputyour3*3matrix：L23IS6，99fhetranspositionmatrixis：L47!58I69JrocessreturnedS<0x0>executiontime3.6.Theemp0Voui1infomationshousasfollou：name：01address：1city：2postcode:3Theenp1Yourinformationshowsasfo