中考人教版二輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案專題8—動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)導(dǎo)學(xué)案_第1頁
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1、中考人教版二輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案專題8動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)導(dǎo)學(xué)案精講必備考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考點(diǎn)二一般過去時(shí)考點(diǎn)三現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)四過去進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)五一般將來時(shí)考點(diǎn)六現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)七過去完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)八過去將來時(shí)考點(diǎn)九非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換考點(diǎn)十時(shí)態(tài)的疑難點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞形式構(gòu)成方法例詞原形詞典中一般給出的動(dòng)詞形式。gettaketeachdotrystudy第三人稱單數(shù)一般情況下,直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s。get-getstakeftakes以s,x,o,sh,ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾加-es。dofdoesteachfteaches以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先變y為i,再在詞尾加-es。studyfstudies

2、try一tries不規(guī)則變化havefhasbe一is現(xiàn)在分詞一般情況下,直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾力口-ing。dofdoingteachfteaching以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去e再在詞尾力口-ing。takeftakingmove-moving以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,呈現(xiàn)“輔、元、輔”結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞,先雙寫最舟-個(gè)輔音字母,再在詞尾力口-ing。stopfstoppingswim一swimming以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把ie改為y,再在詞尾加-ingodie一dyingtie-tying過去式與過去分詞(規(guī)則變化)一般情況下,直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed。watchfwatchedplantfplanted以不發(fā)

3、音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-dolikelikedmovefmoved以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先變y為i,再在詞尾加-edostudyfstudiedcarryfcarried重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,先雙寫詞尾的輔首子母,再在詞尾加-edostopfstoppedshopfshopped過去式與過去分詞am/is一wasare一were(不規(guī)則變化)dofdidlet一let不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成原形特征過去式過去分詞例詞-eep-ept-eptkeep->kept,kept-ell-old-oldsellfsold一sold-end-ent-entlend一>len

4、t-lent-ay-aid-aidsay一said一said-n-nt-ntburn-,burntfburnt-eak-oke-okenbreakbrokefbroken-eal-ole-olensteal,stole->stolen-ear-ore-ornwear-*worefworn-i-a-uswimfswam一swum-i-o-ndrivefdrovefdriven注意:大部分的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成是沒有規(guī)律可循的,需要單獨(dú)記憶。同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候一定要多加注意??键c(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)I.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1 .表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。句中常有always,u

5、sually,often,sometimes,everyday,twiceaweek,nowadays等表示頻度的副詞或時(shí)間狀語。Mygrandmothergetsupearlyeveryday.我奶奶每天早上都起得很早。2 .表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。3 .有時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語),但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close等。Themeetingbeginsatseven.會(huì)議7點(diǎn)開始。4 .表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)

6、詞如be,like,hate,think,remember,find,sound,feel,taste等,常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Thestorysoundsveryinteresting.這個(gè)故事聽起來很有意思。5 .某些以here或there開頭的句子中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Herecomesthebus.公共汽車來了。6 .在含時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,若主語用一般將來時(shí),則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。I'llringyouupifhecomesbacktomorrow.如果他明天回來的話我給你打電話。n.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句:主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.主語(第三

7、人稱單數(shù))+動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式+其他.否定句:主語+don't/doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.一般疑問句:Do/Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?特殊疑問句:疑問詞+do/does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?【典例精析】1.Nowadays,eachofthestudentsanewdictionaryinthecountryside.A.hasB.hadC.have考點(diǎn)二一般過去時(shí)I.一般過去時(shí)的用法表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。通常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。HesawMr.Hanyesterdayafternoon.他昨天下午看見韓先生了。n.一般過去時(shí)

8、的句式構(gòu)成肯定句:主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他.否定句:主語+didnt+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.一般疑問句:Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?特殊疑問句:疑問詞+did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?【典例精析】1. Whatthenoise,Bill?Sorry,Ibrokemyglass.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe2. Theschoolboytotheblindmanonhiswayhomeyesterdayafternoon.A.apologizesB.apologizedC.willapologizeD.hasapologized考點(diǎn)三現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)I.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行

9、的動(dòng)作。通常與new,thisweek,atthismoment,rightnow等時(shí)間狀語連用;也可以與一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間連用;還可以用look或listen提醒聽者注意正在發(fā)生的事。Jimisreadingabookinhisroomnow.吉姆正在他的房間里看書。n.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句:主語+be(is/am/are)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞.否定句:主語+be(is/am/are)+not+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞.一般疑問句:Be+主語+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?特殊疑問句:疑問詞+be+主語+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?注意:表示感覺、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞如have,be,hear,like等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)?!镜?/p>

10、例精析】Millie,whereisMissLi?SheaspeechonChinesearttothefirstyearstudentsinthehall.A.givesB.gaveC.isgivingD.hasgiven考點(diǎn)四過去進(jìn)行時(shí)I.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示過去某一時(shí)刻、某一階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,通常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。HewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.我進(jìn)來的時(shí)候,他正在看小說。n.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句:主語+was/were+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞.否定句:主語+was/were+not+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞.一般疑問句:Was/Were+主語+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?特

11、殊疑問句:疑問詞+was/were+主語+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?【典例精析】Linda,Icalledyouthismorning,butnobodyansweredthephone.Imsorry.Ifootballwithmyfriendsthen.A.playB.playedC.amplayingD.wasplaying考點(diǎn)五一般將來時(shí)1. 一般將來時(shí)的用法表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。Wearegoingtohaveameetingtomorrow.我們準(zhǔn)備明天開會(huì)。n.一般將來時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句:主語+will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.主語+beg

12、oingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.否定句:主語+will/shall+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.主語+benot+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.一般疑問句:Will/Shall+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?Be+主語+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?特殊疑問句:疑問詞+will/shall+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?疑問詞+be+主語+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?【典例精析】Mr.Green,afamouswriter,ourschoolnextweek.A.visitedB.visitC.wasvisitingD.willvisit注意:某些動(dòng)詞(如come,go,leave,arrive,start

13、,get,stay等)一般不用于begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)中,而用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來??键c(diǎn)六現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)I.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1. 表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或在說話之前已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。Already和yet常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。already用于肯定句,可放在助動(dòng)詞之后、過去分詞之前,也可放在句末。yet用在疑問句中,意為“已經(jīng)”,用在否定句中表示“還”,常放在句末。HehasgonetoGuangdongalready.他已經(jīng)去廣東了。2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去,常與“for+一段時(shí)間”和“since+表過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或一般過去時(shí)的句子”連用。He

14、hasstudiedEnglishfor5years.他已經(jīng)學(xué)5年英語了。3. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(如come,go,die,marry,buy等)的完成時(shí)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。因此需要將非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如diefbedead,open/close-beopen/closed等。n.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句:主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他.否定句:主語+havent/hasnt+過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他?特殊疑問句:疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他?【典例精析】1. Whyareyoustandinghere,Mrs

15、.White?Imwaitingformyson.Hebackfromschool.A.hasntcomeB.wontcomeC.doesntcomeA.does2. MissLinalotofworkforthepoorareasince2010.B.didC.hasdoneD.willdo3. TheDongying-Hainanairlineforabout5months.Ihavetakentheflightsthreetimes.A.isopenB.hasopenedC.hasbeenopenD.hasbeenopenedm.易混詞辨析have/hasgoneto&have/

16、hasbeen/to/in用法例句have/hasgoneto指“已去了某地",說話時(shí)當(dāng)事人不在對(duì)話發(fā)生的地方;或在去某地或從某地回來的途中;或已到達(dá)某地。JimhasgonetoLondon.吉姆去倫敦了。(可能在去倫敦的路上,也可能已經(jīng)到了倫敦,也可能在從倫敦回來的路上。)have/hasbeento指“曾去過某地”,說話時(shí)當(dāng)事人已經(jīng)從該地回來或已從該地去了其他地方。JimhasbeentoLondontwice.吉姆去過兩次倫敦。(去過倫敦,但現(xiàn)在不在那里。)have/hasbeenin指“已在某地待了一段時(shí)間(如果要表示在某個(gè)小地方待了一段時(shí)間,要將in換為at)”。后面跟副

17、詞時(shí),要把介詞去掉。JimhasbeeninLondonfortwoyears.吉姆已經(jīng)在倫敦待J兩年了。【典例精析】IsJamesathome?-No,heYa'antobeavolunteer.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.isgoingto考點(diǎn)七過去完成時(shí)I.過去完成時(shí)的用法表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。概括地講即“過去的過去”。過去完成時(shí)的句中一般都有一個(gè)或暗含一個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作與其做比較,使用過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在該過去的動(dòng)作之前。句中常用by,before,until,bythetime等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。Bytheendof

18、lastyear,wehadbuiltfivenewhouses.到去年為止,我們已經(jīng)建了5座房子。n.過去完成時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句:主語+had+過去分詞+其他.否定句:主語+hadn't+過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句:Had+主語+過去分詞+其他?特殊疑問句:疑問詞+had+主語+過去分詞+其他?【典例精析】-Whywashelateforschoolyesterday?-Heoverslept.Bythetimehegottothebusstop,thebusalready.A.was;leavingB.has;leftC.would;leaveD.had;left考點(diǎn)八過去將來時(shí)I

19、.過去將來時(shí)的用法表示從過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。此時(shí)態(tài)多用于賓語從句或間接引語中。過去將來時(shí)由“should或would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。也可用“was/weregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。第一人稱用should,其他人稱用would.Theyweresurethattheywouldsucceed.他們確信他們會(huì)成功。.過去將來時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句:主語主語否定句:主語主語一般疑問句:+should/would+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.+was/weregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.+should/wouldnot+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.+was/werenot+goingt

20、o+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.Should/Would+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?Was/Were+主語+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他特殊疑問句:疑問詞+should/would+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?疑問詞+was/were+主語+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?【典例精析】WhatdidYangYingsay?ShesaidtheyA.willhaveB.hadaschooltripthenextweekend.C.wouldhaveD.have考點(diǎn)九非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連用。如果要與時(shí)間段連用,我們要將句中的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性或

21、狀態(tài)性動(dòng)詞。試比較下面的句子:Hehasdiedforthreeyears.(x)Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.(,)他去世三年了。Shehasjoinedtheleaguefortwoyears.(x)Shehasbeenintheleaguefortwoyears.(V)Shehasbeenaleaguememberfortwoyears.(V)她入團(tuán)兩年了。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換:buyfhavediefbedeadbegin/startfbeonfinishfbeovergettoknowfknowgoto-betocomeherefbehereborr

22、owfkeepleavefbeawaybecomefbegetupfbeupgetillfbeillcometobein/atcatchacoldfhaveacoldjoinfbein/beamemberofgetmarriedfbemarriedgetintouchwithfkeepintouchwithfallinlovewithfbeinlovewithIhavehadthisdictionaryforthreemonths.我買了這本字典三個(gè)月了。(不能用havebought)Ihavekeptthemagazinefortwoweeks.我持有(借)這本雜志兩個(gè)月了。(不能用have

23、borrowed)Hehasbeenawayfromhishometownforovertwentyyears.他離開家鄉(xiāng)20多年了。(不能用hasleft)Hurryup!Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.快!電影還有5分鐘就要開始了。(不能用hasbegun/started)Theimportantmeetinghasbeenoverfortwodays.那場(chǎng)重要的會(huì)議已經(jīng)結(jié)束兩天了。(不能用hasfinished)Theyhavebeenmarriedforfiftyyears.他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚55年了。(不能用havegotmarried)注意:如果非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

24、的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是否定式則可與段時(shí)間狀語連用,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)動(dòng)作并沒有發(fā)生。Wehaven'tseeneachothersincewepartedtheyearbeforelast.我們自從前年分開以后就再也沒有見過面。Ihaven'theardfromMr.Smithforalongtime.我很久沒有收到過史密斯先生的信了??键c(diǎn)十時(shí)態(tài)的疑難點(diǎn)有些時(shí)態(tài)檢測(cè)題沒有明確的“時(shí)間狀語”或“時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)”信息。解答這類題時(shí),必須通過仔細(xì)觀察,據(jù)理分析、判斷,尋找出“暗含”的時(shí)間來確定上下句之間的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系?!镜淅觥?. 一Haveyouhadyourbreakfastyet?-Yes.Mumit

25、forme.A.wascookingB.iscookingC.willcookD.cooked2. Look,somanypassengerswiththeirsmartphonesontheunderground.A.playedB.willplayC.areplayingD.haveplayed3. Samopenedthedoorandalovelydogoutside.A.findsB.foundC.hasfoundD.willfind精講必備考點(diǎn)(語態(tài))考點(diǎn)一主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)二主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)考點(diǎn)三被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊情況考點(diǎn)四語態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)綜合考查考點(diǎn)五含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)六不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)

26、的情況考點(diǎn)七被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別語態(tài)語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句子的主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí),謂語的形式叫主動(dòng)語態(tài)。句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),謂語的形式叫被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成,時(shí)態(tài)通過be來表現(xiàn)。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)is/am/are+過去分詞一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)was/were+過去分詞一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)willbe+過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)have/hasbeen+過去分詞含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)can/may/must/need/should+be+過去分詞考點(diǎn)一主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)1. 把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。2.

27、 把謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),其人稱和數(shù)要隨著主語的變化而變化,但時(shí)態(tài)不變。3. 把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語,若主語是人稱代詞,則把主格變?yōu)橘e格(by短語可以省略)。考點(diǎn)二主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)1. 不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語連用,用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有:cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。Thebooksellswell.這本書賣得很好。2. look,sound,taste,smell等系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)意義。Thepearstastenice.那些梨味道很好。3. 不定式在某些形容詞之后,且與主語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

28、Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.那個(gè)問題很難回答。4. “have/get+賓語+過去分詞”也可以表示被動(dòng)。Illhavemyhaircut.我要(去)理發(fā)。5. 在need后面,主動(dòng)的V-ing形式表被動(dòng)。Yourflowersneedwatering.你的花該澆水了。考點(diǎn)三被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊情況1. make,see,watch,hear,notice,feel等使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中與省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式連用,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后,必須加上to。Ioftenseetheoldmanruninthemorning.fTheoldmanisoftenseento

29、runinthemorning.我經(jīng)常看見刃B個(gè)老人早晨跑步。2. beworthdoing中的doing表被動(dòng)意義。Thisbookisworthreading.這本書值得一讀。3. want/need/required+doing相當(dāng)于want/need/required+tobedone,其中tobedone表示不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberequired.我的自行車需要修理。4. 一些動(dòng)詞短語用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),動(dòng)詞短語應(yīng)視為一個(gè)整體,而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。Thelittledogmustbelookedafterwell

30、.那只小狗必須得到很好的照顧??键c(diǎn)四語態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)綜合考查考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),選項(xiàng)中常以主動(dòng)語態(tài)作為干擾點(diǎn),并同時(shí)檢測(cè)時(shí)態(tài)。解這類題時(shí)對(duì)語態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)必須同時(shí)考慮?!镜淅觥緾anyousingtheEnglishsong?Yes,alittle.Itontheradioyesterday.A.taughtB.istaughtC.wastaught考點(diǎn)五含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài),其時(shí)態(tài)主要是“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”和“一般過去時(shí)”。含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式是“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞”,其中be不可用其他詞替換?!镜淅觥縄tsdifficulttogettotheothersideoft

31、heriver.Ithinkabridgeovertheriver.A.shouldbebuiltB.shouldbuildC.willbuildD.hasbuilt考點(diǎn)六不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況1 .主動(dòng)句的賓語是eachother或反身代詞時(shí),不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Wight.那個(gè)人自我介紹說是懷特先生。(主動(dòng)語態(tài))TheyhelpeachotherstudyEnglish.他們互相幫助學(xué)習(xí)英語。(主動(dòng)語態(tài))2 .主動(dòng)句的謂語動(dòng)詞是表狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Wewillhaveameeting.我們將要開一個(gè)會(huì)。(主動(dòng)語態(tài))3 .主動(dòng)句的賓

32、語是不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí),不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Heaskedtohaveatry.他請(qǐng)求試一試。(主動(dòng)語態(tài))MybrotherenjoyswatchingTV.我弟弟喜歡看電視。(主動(dòng)語態(tài))考點(diǎn)七被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別1 .被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語為動(dòng)作的承受著,而系表結(jié)構(gòu)則表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)。Theshopisclosedat9:00pm.這個(gè)商店晚上9點(diǎn)關(guān)門。(動(dòng)作)Theshopisclosedtoday.這個(gè)商店今天沒開門。(狀態(tài))2 .系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞常有固定的介詞搭配,被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中則沒有。MissWangissatisfiedwithus.王老師對(duì)我們很滿意。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))3 .系表結(jié)

33、構(gòu)中的過去分詞可以被副詞修飾。She'ssoworriedaboutherexams.她非常擔(dān)心她的考試。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))4 .系表結(jié)構(gòu)通常只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí),而被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)則可以用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。中考題型專練之語法復(fù)習(xí)(動(dòng)詞語態(tài))考點(diǎn)一:在語境中將語態(tài)與時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合【經(jīng)典習(xí)題】()1.ThedoctorlookedoverJohncarefullyafterhetothehospital.A.istakingB.istakenC.tookD.wastaken()2.Look!Whatanicegarden!-Yes.Iteveryday.A.hasbeencleanedB.isclea

34、nedC.isbeingcleanedD.wascleaned()3.Idon'tthinksixteear-oldsshouldtodriveontheirown.A.allowB.beallowingC.beallowedD.notallow()4.Thetaskinanhour.Thenyoucangohomeandhaveagoodrest.A.willbefinishedB.wasfinishedC.hasfinishedD.willfinish()5.-Haveyoumovedintoyournewapartment?-Notyet.It.A.isbeingpaintedB

35、.isbeingpaintingC.ispaintingD.ispainted()6.Whatgoodnews!Thethiefbythepolicealready.A.iscaughtB.caughtC.hascaughtD.hasbeencaught【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】動(dòng)詞語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,用來表示句中主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。語態(tài)有兩種:主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式”構(gòu)成。考點(diǎn)二:使用語態(tài)時(shí)的幾個(gè)注意點(diǎn)【經(jīng)典習(xí)題】()1.Theyoungmanwasoftenseenbythelake.A.todrawB.todrawingC.drawD.drew()2.-

36、Excuseme.IwanttobuysomeofJay'sCDs.Sorry,theyare.Butwe'llgetsomemorenextweekbecausethey.A. soldwell;areonsaleB. sellingwell;sellwellC. soldout;sellwellD. soldout;wereonsale()3.InmanyplacesofChina,oldpeoplenotonlybytheirfamilybutalsobythelocalgovernments.A. aretakinggoodcareB. aretakengoodcare

37、C. aretakinggoodcareofD. aretakengoodcareof()4.Greatchangesinmyhometown.Manytallbuildings.A. havetakenplace;havesetupB. havetakenplace;havebeensetupC. weretakenplace;weresetupD. havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup()5.Thisdresssmoothandsoft.Iwouldliketobuyit.A.feltB.isbeingfeltC.isfeltD.feels【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】 主動(dòng)語態(tài)

38、中make,see,watch,hear等后作賓補(bǔ)的不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式,在改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),需要補(bǔ)出動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to。 feel,look,smell,sound,taste等感官動(dòng)詞后接形容詞作表語時(shí),沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài),其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 當(dāng)sell,open,lock,write,burn,drive,wash等詞的主語為物時(shí),其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。不及物動(dòng)詞(短語)沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài),如happen,last,rise,fall,appear,comeout,takeplace等。 將短語動(dòng)詞作為整體看待,改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)必須保持其完整性,如handin,talkabout,useup,p

39、ayattentionto,takecareof,makeuseof,makefunof等短語動(dòng)詞在改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),其中的介詞或副詞不可漏掉。一、英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)試卷1 .閱讀理解My10-year-oldDonnasaid,“Mom,Ihadanewfriendatschooltoday.Canshecomeovertomorrow?"wasashygirlandIwantedhertomakesomefriendstobringheroutofhershell.“Sure,honey,thatsoundsgreat,said,thinkingbacktomyownbestfr

40、iend,Lillian.WelivedacrossthestreetfromeachotherinWashingtonHeights,NewYork.Wemetattheageof10,too.Likemydaughter,Iwasshy,butLilliandrewmeout.Shewasoneofthefriendliestpeopleinschool,withshinyblackhairandamile-widesmile.Inseniorhighschool,LillianwentonatriptoFlorida.Thiswasthefirsttimewehadtobeawayfro

41、meachotherforafewdays."I'llbebacksoon,"shetoldme.Butthreedayslater,Lillian'ssistertoldmethatshehadfallenintoariverandhadn'tcomeoutanymore.Soon,myfamilymovedtoNewJersey.WheneverIthoughtofher,tearscameintomyeyes.ThenextdayDonnabroughthernewfriendhome."Hi,Mrs.Loggia,"the

42、littlegirlsaid.Herhairwassoshinyblackandsheshotmeabigsmile."MynameisLaura.”Mydaughter'snewfriendwassomuchlikeLillian.Iwasstillpuzzled(迷惑)whenLaura'smomcametopickheruplaterthatafternoon.Iopenedthedoortoletherin."Judyshecried."me,Lillian'ssister,fromWashingtonHeights."Y

43、es,myteaufriendlookedfamiliar.ShewasLillian'sniece.(1) Theunderlinedwordsinthefirstparagraph“tobringheroutofhershe."meanA.tohelpherbecomelessshyB.tohelpherbecomesmartC.tohelpherlivehappilyD.tohelpherwalkoutofherhouse(2) Lauralookedfamiliartothewriterbecauseshe_.A.wasLillian'snieceB.wasa

44、soldasherdaughterC.wasfromWashingtonHeightsD.hadshinyblackhairandabigsmile,too(3) Whydidthewriterloseherbestfriend?Because_.A.shemovedtoNewJerseyB.theyweredifferentfromeachotherC.herbestfriendtravelledtoFloridaD.herbestfriendlostherlifeonatrip(4) “Iknewwewouldbebestfriendsforever."isasentencefr

45、omthepassageandshouldbeputattheendof.A.Paragraph2B.Paragraph3C.Paragraph4D.Paragraph5(5) Wecaninfer(推斷)fromthepassagethat.A.thewriterisoutgoingnowB.LaurahelpsDonnaalotC.LauraandDonnaareofthesameageD.JudymovedtoNewJerseybecauseofLillian'sdeath【答案】(1)AA(3)D(5)A【解析】【分析】大意:本文主要講的是女兒Donna邀請(qǐng)朋友Laura來家里

46、做客的事情讓媽媽想起了自己小時(shí)候的朋友的故事。(1)推斷題。根據(jù)句子Donnawasashygirl可知,作者想讓唐娜通過結(jié)交朋友而變得活潑開朗。故選A。(2)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Yes,mydaughter'sfriendlookedfamiliar.ShewasLillian'sniece.可知,勞拉看起來很眼熟是因?yàn)樗亲髡吲笥训闹杜?。故選A。(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由句子Lillian'ssistertoldmethatshehadfallenintoariverandhadn'tcomeoutanymore.可知,作者的好朋友在去旅游的時(shí)候,掉進(jìn)河里失去了生命。故選

47、D。(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,本段主要介紹了作者童年朋友Lillian,可知此處放Iknewwewouldbebestfriendsforever.我們會(huì)是永遠(yuǎn)的朋友結(jié)尾非常合適。故選A。(5)推斷題。根據(jù)Likemydaughter,Iwasshy,butLilliandrewmeout.可知,作者過去很害羞,現(xiàn)在很外向。故選A?!军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題兩種??碱}型,細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案;推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文,推斷出需要的信息。2 閱讀理解Awealthymanaskedanoldscholartotellhissonawayfromhisbadhabi

48、ts.Thescholartooktheyoungmanforawalkthroughagarden.Stoppingsuddenly,hetoldtheboytopulloutatinyplantgrowingthere.Theyoungmanmadeiteasily.Theoldmanthenaskedhimtopulloutalittlebiggerplant.Theyoungmanpulledhardandtheplantcameoutwithitsroots.“Nowpulloutthatone,”saidtheoldman,pointintree.Theboyhadtouseall

49、hisstrengthtopullitout.“ Nowtakethisoneout,”olsdamidathne,pointingatabigorangetree.Theyoungmanheldthetrunk(樹干)andtriedtopullitout.Butitwouldnotmove.“It'simpossible喘息”,)swaidthththeebeofyfo,rpt.anting(“ Soitiswithbadhabits,”saidtheoldman.“gW,hiteisnethaesyatorepyuolluthnemout.Butwhentheygodeeply,

50、theycannotbeuprooted.”Theconversationwiththeoldmanchangedtheboy'slife.( 1) Thescholaraskedtheyoungmantotakeawalkwithhiminthe.A.forestB.parkC.gardenD.school( 2) Thescholaraskedtheyoungmantopulloutplantsfortimes.A.fourB.twoC.threeD.five( 3) Accordingtothepassage,thescholarmustbe.A.astupidmanB.alaz

51、ymanC.awisemanD.afunnyman( 4) Thispassagemainlytalksabout.A. weneedexercisemoretopulltreesoutB. howtogetawayfrombadhabitsC. talkingwithascholarisveryimportantD. theearliergettingawayfrombadhabits,thebetter【答案】(1)CA(3) C(4) D【解析】【分析】短文大意:一個(gè)富人請(qǐng)求一位智者去除兒子的壞習(xí)慣。智者把這個(gè)孩子帶到了公園,要求這個(gè)年輕人先后四次拔出植物,由易到難,去除壞習(xí)慣也是如此,

52、當(dāng)它們還不明顯的時(shí)候,去除它們很容易,但是當(dāng)它們深深扎根的時(shí)候,就難以去除了。智者的這堂特殊的課改掉了孩子的壞習(xí)慣,改變了男孩的一生。(1) C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第一段中的句子“Thescholartooktheyoungmanforawalkthroughagarden."可知,智者讓青年人在花園里與他一起散步,故答案為Co(2) A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文中出現(xiàn)的句子topulloutatinyplant,topulloutalittlebiggerplant.Nowpulloutthatone,saidtheoldman,pointingtoalittletree."N

53、owtakethisoneout,“saidtheoldman,pointingatbigorangetree.可知.智者要求這個(gè)年輕人先后四次拔出植物。故答案為A。(3) C推理判斷題。智者要求這個(gè)年輕人先后四次拔出植物,由易到難,去除壞習(xí)慣也是如此,當(dāng)它們還不明顯的時(shí)候,去除它們很容易,但是當(dāng)它們深深扎根的時(shí)候,就難以去除了。智者的這堂特殊的課改掉了孩子的壞習(xí)慣,改變了男孩的一生,足以說明智者的聰明之處,故答案選Co(4) D主旨大意題。根據(jù)短文倒數(shù)第二段智者的話:"Soitiswithbadhabits,"saidtheoldman."Whentheyare

54、young,itiseasytopullthemout.Butwhentheygodeeply,theycannotbeuprooted.可知,壞習(xí)慣要及早的去除,越早遠(yuǎn)離壞習(xí)慣,越好。故答案為Do【點(diǎn)評(píng)】主旨大意題(主題、標(biāo)題)在閱讀理解中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)。第四小題適合用捕捉主旨大意來解題。所謂主旨大意,也就是文章的中心思想,主題思想,中心觀點(diǎn),它常常針對(duì)文章的主題,作者的寫作意圖,文章段落的中心思想進(jìn)行提問,這類題也叫歸納概括題。文中智者用拔植物的難易來類比壞習(xí)慣的去除也是如此。當(dāng)它們還不明顯的時(shí)候,去除它們很容易,但是當(dāng)它們深深扎根的時(shí)候,就難以去除了。也就是說越早遠(yuǎn)離壞習(xí)慣越好。答案為Do3

55、 .閱讀理解ThenAlicesawasmallglasstable.Therewasalittlegoldenkeyonit.Shepickeditandputitinallthelocksonthedoorsbutitdidn'topenanyofthem.Shemovedacurtainononeofthewallsanddiscoveredanotherdoor,averysmallone.Sheputthekeyinthelock.Itwasexactlytherightsize!Sheopenedthedoorandlookedthroughit.Attheendofalo

56、wpassageshesawabeautifulgarden.Itwasfullofbrightlycolouredflowersandfountains."Oh,howbeautiful!"shesaid."I'dlovetogotherebutI'mtoobigtogetthroughthedoor."Shewalkedbacktothetable.Therewasabottleonitnow."I'msurethatbottlewasn'ttherebefore,"shesaid,alittlec

57、onfused.Sheputdownthekeyandpickedupthebottle.Shereadthewords"DRINKME"onit.Alicewasn'tastupidgirl.Shedidn'tdrinkitimmediately.Firstshelookedatthebottlecarefully.Therewasn'talabelonitthatsaid"POISON".Sosheputthebottletoherlipsanddrank."Mmm,ifsnice,"shesaid.Ittastedlikecherrytart,pineapple,roastturkeyandtoast-allthethingsthatshelikedtoeat-soshedranksomemore.Andsomemore.Soonthebottlewa

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