(2011)英語四級試題(下載)

1、(2011)英語四級試題(下載)【2011英語四級試題下載】PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicShouldSmokingBeCompletelyBanned.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1 .有人贊同完全禁止吸煙，理由是2 .有人不贊同完全禁止吸煙，理由是3 .我的看法。ShouldSmokingBeCompletelyBanne

2、dPartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveni

3、nthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SpaceOurFutureinSpace:ItHasAlreadyBegun!Weareallspacetravelers.Butwe'vestayedclosetohomeuntilnow.Oneday,wemayleaveour“mothership"Earthtomakeourhomeamong

4、thestars.Agiant,sphericalaspaceship”,about8,000milesindiameter,isspeedingthroughthesolarsystemrightnow.Itiscruisingatanincredible66,600milesperhour.It'snotagiant,StarWarsmother-ship.It'sspaceshipEarth,thehomeofoverfourbillionpeople.Thiswatercoatedspaceshiphasbeentravelingthroughtheuniversefo

5、raboutfivebillionyears.Onlywithinthepast25years,however,havesomeofitspassengersbrokenfreeofEarthsgravity.But25yearsfromnow,manypeople,includingyou,mightliveinanorbitingspacestation200milesabovetheEarth.SpaceCitiesScientistshavealreadydesignedspecialspacefactories.Thesefactorieswilltakeadvantageofthe

6、absenceofgravity(zerogravity)toproduceeverythingfromlife-savingdrugstoperfectballbearings.Otherscientistshavedesignedspacecolonies,completewithfarms,schools,andartificialdayandnight.Hundreds,oreventhousands,ofpeoplewilllive,work,playevengotoschool,farabovetheEarth.Ourconquestofspace,ofcourse,hasalre

7、adybegun.WehaveexploredpartoftheMoon,sentrobotspaceshipsontothesurfaceofVenusandMars,andaimedspaceprobespasttheplanetsofJupiterandSaturn.LastJune,onerobotship,Pioneer10,leftoursolarsystemforever.AndastronautsfromboththeSovietUnionandtheUnitedStateshavelivedinspacestations.Theconquestofspace,withoutq

8、uestion,isoneofthegreatestadventureshumanbeingshaveeversetouton.Butitmaybemorethanagreatadventure.Somescientiststhinktheconquestofspacemaybeanecessityforsurvivalofthehumanspecies.WearetearingupmoreandmoreoftheEarthtogetrawmaterialsforindustry.Andwearepollutingtheairandwateraswemanufactureproductstha

9、tweneedorwant.Almosteverythingthatseemstomakeourlivesmorecomfortable,andfromelectricitytopesticides,usesuporaltersapieceofourplanetsnaturalenvironment.WhyGointoSpace?Yetoursolarsystemisfullofresources.Themoonischockfullofvaluablemetals.Soaretheasteroids,thesmall,rocky,planet-likebodiesorbitingthesun

10、mostofthembetweenMarsandJupiter.Thesemetals,ifwecangetthem,couldbeusedtobuildfactoriesandspacestations.Also,inspace,thereisnoatmospheretofilteroutthesunsenergy.Thereisplentyofsolarenergytobeturnedintoelectricityformanufacturing,forcreatingcomfortablelivingconditions.GettingawayfromEarthhasotheradvan

11、tages,too.Modernindustryusesmanykindsofmetalalloys(mixturesofmetalthatarebetterforcertainpurposesthanpuremetals).YetsomemetalalloyseithercantbemadeorareveryexpensivetomakeonEarthbecauseofgravity.Forinstance,certainmetalsdontmixwellonEarth.Butinzerogravity,molten(hot,liquid)metalsmixmoreevenly.Thisis

12、becausethereisnogravitytopulltheheaviermetalsdown,whilethelighteronesfloatontop.Fromspace,too,wecanlookdownontheEarthandstudytheatmosphere,itsweather,andtheeffectsofairpollution.Andbecausethereisnostronggravitytobreakfreefrom,ourfuturehomesawayfromEarthwillbeconvenientstartingpointsfortraveltodistan

13、tplanets.But,whilegoingintospacemightsolvesomeproblems,outerspacecanalsobeadangerousplace.Forexample,inouterspace,wehavetoprotectourselvesfromthedangersofultravioletlightandcosmicrays.UltravioletlightfromthesuncangiveusbadsunburnsrighthereonEarth.Yet,Earth'satmospherescreensoutmostofthatharmfulr

14、adiation.Cosmicraysaretinyhighenergyparticlesfromouterspace.Again,theEarthshieldsusfrommostofthem.AtHomeinSpace?Butinspace,withoutspecialprotection,wewouldbeexposedtomuchstrongerradiationfromultravioletlightandcosmicrays.Also,inthezerogravityofouterspace,ourboneswilllosecalciumandbecomeweaker.Thiswi

15、llbemoreofaproblemthelongerpeoplestayoutinspace.Doctorsarelookingforawaytokeepourbonesfromlosingcalciuminouterspace.Andasmallspaceshipjustmight“driveyoubatty”afterawhile.Butevenonashorttripinouterspace,youmightnotfeelaswellasyoudliketo.Spacetravelcouldmakeyouseasick!Yet,theseriskswontkeeppeoplefromg

16、oingintospace.Eventually,anEarth-likeenvironmentwillbebuiltinspace.Andtheywillbepopulatedbypeoplewithmanydifferentinterests:medicine,construction,farming,teaching,mining,andsoon.Thenexthundredyearswillbefilledwithotherworldlyadventures,excitingscientificdiscoveries,anddanger,ashumansleaveEarthperhap

17、sforever.AginginSpaceSupposeaspacetravelerismovingatavelocityof186,200milespersecond.Foreveryhourthatpassesforhim,30hourspassonEarth.Ifhetravelsforayearinthisfashion(havingacceleratedinstantaneously)andthenturnsaroundandcomesbackatthisspeed(havingturnedaroundinstantaneously),hewillfindthatwhilehehas

18、seemedtohimselftohavetraveledtwoyears,themenonEarthwouldclaimhehadbeenabsentfor30years.Supposethespacetravelerhadleftattheageof30,leavingbehindatwinbrotheralsoaged30.Whenhereturnedhewouldbe32,buthisstay-at-hometwinbrotherwouldbe60.Thatiswhythe“clockparadox”,issometimescalledthe“twinparadox”.Ofcourse

19、ittakesquitealongwhiletoacceleratetoahighspeed,andalongwhiletomakeaturnandheadbackagain,soconditionsarentquiteasclear-cutasjustdescribed.1 .Thegiant,sphericalspaceshipmentionedinthepassageisvirtuallytheplanetEarth.2 .Accordingtotheauthor,somepersonshavelefttheEarthandtraveledintoouterspacewithinthep

20、ast25years.3 .Scientistshavealreadydesignedspecialspacefactories,whichmanufacturespecialproductsandtoolsforspaceuse,suchasmedicineandperfectballbearings.4 .Accordingtotheinformationofthepassage,wecaninferthatiftheEarthbecomestoocrowdedornolongersuitableformentodwellonsomeday,theyllhavetomoveintospac

21、e.5 .Themoonandtheasteroidsarealikewithrespecttotheirrich,valuablemetals.6 .UltravioletlightinspaceplacesscorchesourskinasseriouslyasitdoesonEarth.7 .Evenashorttripinouterspacemaydosomedamagetoone'sbrain.1.YNNG2.YNNG3.YNNG4.YNNG5.YNNG6.YNNG7.YNNG8 .Thereasonsomemetalalloyscan'tbemadeonEarthi

22、sthattheheaviermetalstogetherwiththelighterones.9 .Inspace,thereisnoatmospheretofilteroutthesun'senergy.Thereisplentyofsolarenergytobeturnedinto,forcreatingcomfortablelivingconditions.10 .Accordingtotheauthor,willbecausedtoamaningravityfreespace.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADi

23、rections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddec

24、idewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11 .ATennisequipment.BVolleyballequipment.CFootballequipment.DBasketballequipment.12 .AHemustmeethisteacher.BHemustattendaclass.CHemustgooutwithhisgirlfriend.DHemuststayatschooltofinishhishomework.13

25、.AItsnotasgoodasitwas.BItsbetterthanitusedtobe.CItsbetterthanpeoplesay.DItsevenworsethanpeoplesay.14 .ABecausehedoesntlikefootball.BBecauseMariafellill.CBecausehedidnthavethetime.DBecauseMariacantstandfootball.15 .AAtemporaryjob.BApermanentjob.CSomemoneyforthevacation.DSomemoneyfortheuniversityfees.

26、16 .AThewomandidmostofthetalking.BThemandidmostofthetalking.CThewomanwaswearingablacksweater.DThemanandthewomanhaddarkhair.17 .AAsunnyday.BAraincoat.CAnattractivehut.DAlovelyhat.18 .ALibrarianandstudent.BOperatorandcaller.CBossandsecretary.DCustomerandrepairman.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversati

27、onyouhavejustheard.19 .AThebenefitsofstrongbusinesscompetition.BAproposaltolowerthecostofproduction.CComplaintsabouttheexpenseofmodernization.DSuggestionsconcerningnewbusinessstrategies.20 .AItcostsmuchmorethanitsworth.BItshouldbebroughtuptodate.CItcallsforimmediaterepairs.DItcanstillbeusedforalongt

28、ime.21 .AThepersonnelmanagershouldbefiredforinefficiency.BAfewengineersshouldbeemployedtomodernizethefactory.CTheentirestaffshouldberetrained.DBetter-educatedemployeesshouldbepromoted.22 .ATheircompetitorshavelongbeenadvertisingonTV.BTVcommercialsarelessexpensive.CAdvertisinginnewspapersaloneisnotsu

29、fficient.DTVcommercialsattractmoreinvestments.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23 .ASearchingforreferencematerial.BWatchingafilmofthe1930s.CWritingacoursebook.DLookingforajobinamoviestudio.24 .AItstoobroadtocopewith.BItsabitoutdated.CItscontroversial.DItsoflittlepracticalvalu

30、e.25 .AAttheendoftheonlinecatalogue.BAttheReferenceDesk.CIntheNewYorkTimes.DIntheReadersGuidetoPeriodicalLiterature.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmus

31、tchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26 .ATheliberationmovementofBritishwomen.BRapideconomicdevelopmentinBritain.CChangingattitudestofamilylife.D

32、ReasonsforchangesinfamilylifeinBritain.27 .ABecausemillionsofmendiedinthewar.BBecausewomenhadprovedtheirworth.CBecausewomenweremoreskillfulthanmen.DBecausefactoriespreferredtoemploywomen.28 .ATheconceptof“thefamily”asasocialunit.BTheattitudestobirthcontrol.CTheattitudestoreligion.DTheideasofauthorit

33、yandtradition.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29 .ASyntheticfuel.BSolarenergy.CAlcohol.DElectricity.30 .AAirtrafficconditions.BTrafficjamsonhighways.CRoadconditions.DNewtrafficrules.31 .AGothroughahealthcheck.BTakelittleluggagewiththem.CArriveearlyforboarding.DUndergose

34、curitychecks.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32 .AWashingplates.BClearingtables.CShiningshoes.DSweepingthefloor.33 .AHemustworksixdaysaweek.BHeshouldneverbelateforwork.CHemuststudyhardinhissparetime.DHeshouldnotbringhisfriendstotherestaurant.34 .ATopayhimforhiswork.BT

35、olethimhave3mealsadayintherestaurant.CTogivehisfriendsfreedrinks.DToallowhimtohavemorefreetime.35 .網Becausetheboywasnotafulltimeworker.BBecausetheboyhadmadesomemistakes.CBecausehethoughttheboyhadfailedtomeethisrequirements.DBecausehethoughtitwashissonwhoshouldpayhim.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,

36、youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.F

37、ortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyouownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Americansareproudofthe(36)achievementsmadeinthiscountry.Medicalscientistshavefoundcuresand(37)forsuchdiseasesaspolioandtubercul

38、osis.Theyhavelearnedagreatdealabout(38)andheartdisease.Manyliveshavebeensaved.Americanhospitalsarethemostmodernandbest(39)medicalfacilitiesintheworld.Butthisdegreeofexcellencehasbeenexpensive.MedicalcostsintheUnitedStatesareveryhigh.Thereisa(40)healthplanforAmericans.Buttherearemanyprograms(41)forth

39、ispurpose.Manypeoplehavehealthplansatthecompanieswheretheywork.Undertheseplans,thecompanypaysafixed(42)ofmoneyregularlyintoafund.Thenwhenthe(43)needsmedicalhelp,hecanusemoneyfromthefundtopayforit.Otherpeoplehavehealthinsurance.(44).Insomemedicalplans,theinsurancecompanyisalsothemedicalinstitution.(4

40、5).Thenwhentheyneedmedicaltreatment,theygotothehospitalwithoutpayingmoremoney.(46).Theseprogramsmakemedicalcareavailabletothosewithouttheirownhealthinsurance.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewo

41、rdforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Q

42、uestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheresnoquestionthattheEarthisgettinghotter.Therealquestionsare:Howmuchofthewarmingisourfault,andarewe47toslowthedevastationbycontrollingourinsatiable48forfossilfuels?Globalwarmingcanseemtoo49toworryabout,ortoouncertainsomethingprojectedbythesamecomputer50

43、thatoftencan'tgetnextweek'sweatherright.Onarawwinterdayyoumightthinkthatafewdegreesofwarmingwouldn'tbesuchabadthinganyway.Andnodoubtaboutit:Warningsabout51changecansoundlikeanenvironmentalistscaretactic,meanttoforceusoutofourcarsandrestrictourlifestyles.Comfortingthoughts,perhaps.Unfortu

44、nately,however,theEarthhassomediscomfortingnews.FromAlaskatothesnowypeaksoftheAndestheworldisheatinguprightnow,andfast.Globally,the52isup1°Foverthepastcentury,butsomeofthecoldest,mostremotespotshavewarmedmuchmore.Theresultsaren'tpretty.Iceis53,riversarerunningdry,andcoastsare54,threateningc

45、ommunities.The55arehappeninglargelyoutofsight.Buttheyshouldntbeoutofmind,becausetheyareomensofwhatsinstoreforthe56oftheplanet.AremoteBtechniquesCconsistingDrestEwillingFclimateGskillHappetiteImeltingJvanishingKerodingLtemperatureMcuriosityNchangesOskillfulSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthisse

46、ction.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Therearemanywaysofdefinings

47、uccess.Itisaccuratetosaythateachofushasourownconceptofsuccesstotheextentthateachofusisresponsibleforsettingourowngoalsanddeterminingwhetherwehavemetthesegoalssatisfactorily.Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilities,itisnecessarily

48、truethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess.Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature,andwhoisrespectedbecausehedoesagoodjobofachievingthegoalsexpe

49、ctedofandacceptedbyhimandhissociety.Ontheotherhand,itseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess.Becausenotallventurescanbesuccessful,oneshouldnotsetunrealisticgoalsforachievingsuccess

50、,butifonehasself-confidenceitwouldbeunfortunatetosetonesgoalsattoolowalevelofachievement.Awisecounseloroncesaidtoayoungmanwhowasexperiencingfrustrationwithhisownprofessionalsuccess:“Youdonothavetosetyourgoaltoreachthemooninordertohavesuccessintraveling.Sometimesonecanbeverysuccessfulmerelybytakingaw

51、alkinthepark,orridingthesubwaydowntown,”Thecounseloradded,“Youhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylike,andtowhichyouhavegivenyourbesteffort.”57.1 nthefirstparagraph,theauthorimpliesthatareessentialinachievingsuccess.AabilityandgoalsBgoals

52、anddeterminationCabilityandenvironmentDgoalsandenvironment57.2 heword“frugal”(Line.2,Para2.)means.AwealthyBwastefulCthriftyDmiserable59.50 merichpeopleconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulbecause.AtheirlifeismiserableBtheydonotliveinpeaceCtheirgoalsaretoolowDtheyarenotrichenoughbytheirownstandards60.Thelas

53、tparagraphimpliesthat.AweshouldhavehighgoalsBsuccessmeansachievinggreatgoalsCsuccessmeanstakingawalkintheparkDsuccessmeanstryingone'sbestatwhatonereallylikes61.Thispassagemainlytalksabout.AthedefinitionofsuccessBhowtoachievesuccessChowtosetgoalsDtheimportanceofgoals64.Onemajordifferencebetweenth

54、elooksaymethodoflearningreadingandthephonicsmethodis.Alook-sayissimplerBphonicstakeslongertolearnClook-sayiseasiertoteachDphonicsgivesreadersaccesstofarmorewords65.Thephrase“touchoff”(Para3,Line1)mostprobablymeans.AtalkaboutshortlyBstartorcauseCcomparewithDoppose66.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefol

55、lowingstatementsistrue?APhonicsapproachregardswholewordmethodasunimportant.BThewholewordapproachemphasizesdecoding.CInphonicsapproach,itisnecessaryandlogicaltoemploydecoding.DPhonicsissuperiorbecauseitstressesthemeaningofwordsthusthevastmajorityofmostcommonwordscanbelearned.PartVCloze(15minutes)Dire

56、ctions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Methodsofstudyingvary;whatworks67forsomestudentsdoesntworkatallforothers.Theonlythingyoucandoisexperiment68youfindasystemthatdoesworkforyou.Buttwothingsaresure:69elsecandoyourstudyingforyou,andunlessyoudofindasystemthatworks,youwontalthoughcollege.Meantime,thereareafewrulesthat70forevery