完整虛擬語氣用法表格歸納圖

1、精選文檔 狀語從句中的虛擬語氣虛擬語氣在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中的用法三點(diǎn)：從句（條件）主句（目的）表示于現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句If+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式（be用were） If I had time, I would attend the meeting.主語+would(should could might)+動(dòng)詞原型表示與過去事實(shí)相反的擬條件句If+主語+had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.主語+would（should could might）+have+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句1、I

2、f+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式2、If+主語+were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語+should +動(dòng)詞原形If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.主語+would（could should might）+動(dòng)詞原型錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句主從句時(shí)間不全都的狀況下的虛擬語氣有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作與主句中的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不全都，這是動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)依據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would

3、 be a college student now.含蓄條件句有時(shí)虛擬條件句并沒用if從句表示出來，而是用介詞短語（otherwise，or，without，but for）上下文或其他方式來表示。1. 條件暗含在短語中；2. 條件暗含在上下文中；3. 虛擬式變?yōu)榱?xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。條件從句中省略if接受倒裝語序的狀況在if引導(dǎo)的表示虛擬的條件狀語從句中，有時(shí)可以把虛擬條件中的連詞if省去，而將had，should，were等助動(dòng)詞提到主語之前。例：原句：1: If she were younger,she,would do it. 去if：Were she younger,she

4、,would do it. 2: If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 去if: Had you come earlier, you would have met him 3:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 去if:Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 虛擬語氣在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中1. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在狀況有懷疑，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。 He treats t

5、he boy as if he were his own son.2. 表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。 He spoke as if he had known about it.3 表示與將來事實(shí)相反，(表示將來的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+動(dòng)詞原形 He acts as if he could win in the game .留意：1.在as if/as though 句中，假如有可能成為事實(shí)，用陳述語氣。 例：He looks as if he going to be ill. 2.as though或as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，從句主語和主句主語

6、相同時(shí)，從句中可省略主語和部分謂語。虛擬語氣用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中表示“以防，以免”等意思謂語動(dòng)詞多用should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原型構(gòu)成 For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella.由“providing（that）/provided（that）/on condition that/suppose（that）/supposing（that）”引導(dǎo)的條件從句依據(jù)狀況，1.可以用虛擬語氣。 例：suppose/supp

7、osing that it rained,we shouldnt go out. 2.也可以用陳述語氣。 例：They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon.“In case”引導(dǎo)的從句中即可用陳述句，也可以用虛擬語氣（should）+動(dòng)詞原型例：1.The game will be put off in case it (should) snow. 2.The game will be put off in case it snows.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣一：賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1.在動(dòng)詞wish/hope

8、后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣,表示一種不行能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。對(duì)現(xiàn)在狀況的虛擬：從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式。 I wish (that) I were a bird.對(duì)過去狀況的虛擬：從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，或would，could，might+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.對(duì)將來狀況的虛擬：從句謂語“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。 I wish (that) I wouldcould go.在表示建議，命令，要求，忠告，等動(dòng)詞的后面的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣均以“should+動(dòng)詞原型”表示這

9、種語氣，“should”常被省略。We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.常用的此類動(dòng)詞有：表示“提議，勸告，建議”的：propose,suggest,recommend,advise.表示“要求”的：ask,desire, request,demand,require,beg表示“同意，堅(jiān)持”的：insist表示“打算，命令”的：decide,order留意：suggest,insist不表示建議或堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)，即它們用于其本意示

10、意，表明，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)，賓語從句用陳述語氣。The smile on his face suggested(示意） that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted 【堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為】that he had never stolen the money.在expect，believe，think，suspect等動(dòng)詞的否定或疑問形式后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣經(jīng)常用“should+動(dòng)詞原型（或完成形式），表示驚異，懷疑，不滿等心情。 I cannot believe that you should think so.Would rather，had

11、rather，后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾?I would rather you told me the truth.用過去完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反。表示“寧愿做什么”或“對(duì)過去做的事的懊悔”。 I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.留意：1.若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用動(dòng)詞原型 2.would rather.than中用動(dòng)詞原型 I would rather do it by myself. I would rather watch TV at home&#

12、160;than go to the cinema. 主語從句中的虛擬語氣“It is(was)+形容詞（或過去分詞）+that.”結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣表達(dá)形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形或省略should Its quite necessary that we should have a walk now. 常用的形容詞：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange。留意：在上述所列形容詞后面用that引出的賓語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞也要用虛擬語氣。例：I

13、dont think it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.(湯姆缺乏閱歷，指派他做這項(xiàng)工作我認(rèn)為是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?.在“It is (was)+名詞+that.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中的虛擬語氣表示建議，命令，懇求，賠禮，懷疑，驚異等。Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.這類名詞有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，sur

14、prise，wish，wonder等。表語從句或同位語從句中的虛擬語氣某些表示建議，懇求，命令等主觀意向的名詞做主語時(shí)，其后的表語從句或同位語從句需用虛擬語氣表達(dá)形式為should+動(dòng)詞原型或直接用動(dòng)詞原型。My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it. We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中從句用(sh

15、ould )+動(dòng)詞原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.這類名詞常見的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recommendation，suggestion，order，necessity，proposal，plan，idea。在It is (about/high) time+that 定語從句中的虛擬語氣表示“該做.的時(shí)候了”其動(dòng)詞形式用一般過去時(shí)或should+動(dòng)詞原型It is high time that you went / should go to school.留意：在this is th

16、e first time/ second time that.句型中，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣完成時(shí)態(tài)。 This is the second time that we have achieved such a great success.If only 引起的感嘆句中的虛擬語氣If only引出感嘆句，意思是“要是.多好”，表示說話人的一種愿望。表示現(xiàn)在的狀況,應(yīng)用過去式; 表示過去的狀況,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài) 表示將來的狀況，用would+動(dòng)詞原形例：If only he didnt drive so fast!(現(xiàn)在)Look at the terrible situation I am i

17、n !if only I had followed your advice(過去)If only the rain would stop.(將來)even if ( even though) 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣表示一種讓步語氣，即使.也做不成某事。表示現(xiàn)在的狀況,應(yīng)用過去式表示過去的狀況,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài) Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.Choose the best answer:It is stra

18、nge that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished3.He _ you more help,even though he was very busy. A, might have given B. might give C.may have given4.Witho

19、ut the leadership of the Party,there _no New China. A.would be B. has been C. should be D.was5. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.had been           B. has been                  C. was                  D. has gone6