C語(yǔ)言學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告

1、C語(yǔ)言課程設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng)姓名洪偉生院系計(jì)算機(jī)學(xué)院日期2015年7月5日目錄第一章設(shè)計(jì)要求第二章算法分析1. 理論依據(jù)主要實(shí)現(xiàn)方法2.1整體流程圖2.2函數(shù)功能和函數(shù)之間的調(diào)用關(guān)系第三章代碼（源代碼）第四章分析說(shuō)明第五章總結(jié)第一章、設(shè)計(jì)要求1、利用所學(xué)的知識(shí)、理論和實(shí)際結(jié)合，利用資源，采用模塊化的結(jié)構(gòu)，使用模仿修改自主設(shè)計(jì)相結(jié)合的方法，鍛煉學(xué)生綜合分析解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的編程能力；2、通過(guò)C語(yǔ)言各個(gè)函數(shù)功能來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)學(xué)生信息的管理，學(xué)生信息包括學(xué)生，學(xué)號(hào)，各科成績(jī)；管理方式包括對(duì)學(xué)生信息的錄入，保存，排序，查找、修改、刪除等功能。第二章、算法分析1、程序理論依據(jù)通過(guò)C語(yǔ)言的程序設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)的掌握，對(duì)學(xué)

2、生成績(jī)管理系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行編寫程序。首先，通過(guò)鏈表這一數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)對(duì)學(xué)生的信息進(jìn)行錄入以及操作，在其過(guò)程中，通過(guò)各個(gè)功能語(yǔ)句以及選擇結(jié)構(gòu)，循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)等方式的結(jié)合來(lái)達(dá)到所要實(shí)現(xiàn)的程序功能。最后通過(guò)對(duì)C語(yǔ)言中對(duì)文件的操作，對(duì)已有學(xué)生成績(jī)的讀取和新建學(xué)生成績(jī)的錄入保存。2、主要實(shí)現(xiàn)方法2.1整體流程圖學(xué)生信息管退出返回主菜單理系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入學(xué)學(xué)學(xué)學(xué)學(xué)學(xué)生生生生生生信信信信信信息息息息息息錄瀏查修增刪入覽找改加除2.2、函數(shù)功能和函數(shù)之間的調(diào)用關(guān)系2.2.1、函數(shù)功能：voidMenu_1();/主菜單二級(jí)菜單voidMenu_2();/voidswap(structstudent*phead,structstuden

3、t*pback);表節(jié)點(diǎn)互換/鏈voidSave(structstudent*head);/盤寫入磁voidSearch(structstudent*head);/生信息查找學(xué)voidRead(structstudent*head);/生信息顯示學(xué)voidSort(structstudent*head);/點(diǎn)排序鏈表節(jié)structstudent*Create();/錄入學(xué)生信息手動(dòng)structstudent*Readpoint();/磁盤文件寫入structstudent*Modify(structstudent*head);/體成員修改鏈表結(jié)構(gòu)structstudent*Add(struct

4、student*head);/點(diǎn)插入鏈表節(jié)structstudent*Delete(structstudent*head);/鏈表節(jié)點(diǎn)刪除2.2.2、函數(shù)之間的調(diào)用關(guān)系：通過(guò)switch語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行指令選擇：case1:學(xué)生信息錄入調(diào)用函數(shù)Create()、Save()、Menu_1()、Menu_2()case2:學(xué)生信息瀏覽調(diào)用函數(shù)Readpoint()、Sort()、Read()、Save()、Menu_1()、Menu_2()case3:學(xué)生信息查找調(diào)用函數(shù)Search()、Readpoint()、Menu_1()、Menu_2()case4:學(xué)生信息修改調(diào)用函數(shù)Modify()、Read

5、point()、Save()、Menu_1()、Menu_2()case5:學(xué)生信息增加調(diào)用函數(shù)Add()、Readpoint()、Save()、Menu_1()、Menu_2()case6:學(xué)生信息刪除調(diào)用函數(shù)Delete()、Readpoint()Save()、Menu_1()、Menu_2()case0:返回主菜單調(diào)用函數(shù)Menu_1()第三章、代碼(源代碼)/*學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng)*/#include<stdio.h>#include<stdlib.h>#include<string.h>structstudent/定義結(jié)構(gòu)體intnum;charnam

6、e24;charsex5;intChinese;intMath;intEnglish;structstudent*next;voidswap(structstudent*phead,structstudent*pback);/鏈表節(jié)點(diǎn)互換voidSave(structstudent*head);/寫入磁盤voidSearch(structstudent*head);/查找學(xué)生信息voidRead(structstudent*head);/顯示學(xué)生信息voidSort(structstudent*head);/鏈表節(jié)點(diǎn)排序structstudent*Readpoint();/磁盤文件寫入存str

7、uctstudent*Create();/學(xué)生信息手動(dòng)錄入structstudent*Modify(structstudent*head);/鏈表結(jié)構(gòu)體成員修改structstudent*Add(structstudent*head);/鏈表節(jié)點(diǎn)插入structstudent*Delete(structstudent*head);/鏈表主菜單二級(jí)菜單節(jié)點(diǎn)刪除;voidMenu_1();/voidMenu_2();/intmain(void)(Menu_1();return0;voidMenu_1()(intnum;printf("tttt學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng)ttttn");pr

8、intf("ttt1:進(jìn)入學(xué)生信息管理n");/主菜單printf("ttt0:退出學(xué)生信息管理n");printf("請(qǐng)您輸入指令:");scanf("%d”,&num);switch(num)(case1:Menu_2();break;您已退出default:printf("學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng)n");break;/*/voidMenu_2()structstudent*head;intnum;printf("ttt歡迎進(jìn)入n");printf("n");p

9、rintf("ttt1:學(xué)生信息錄入n");printf(-ttt2:學(xué)生信息瀏覽n");printf("ttt3:學(xué)生信息查找n");printf("ttt4:學(xué)生信息修改n");/二級(jí)菜單printf("ttt5:學(xué)生信息增加n");printf(-ttt6:學(xué)生信息刪除n");printf("ttt0:返回主菜單n");printf("n");printf("請(qǐng)您輸入指令:");scanf("%d",&

10、num);switch(num)case1:head=Create();Save(head);printf("n");printf("ttt1:返回主菜單n");/手動(dòng)錄入學(xué)生數(shù)據(jù)printf("ttt2:返回二級(jí)菜單n");printf("n");printf("請(qǐng)您輸入指令:");scanf("%d",&num);switch(num)case1:Menu_1();break;case2:Menu_2();break;default:(printf(-輸入無(wú)效，返

11、回二級(jí)菜單!n");Menu_2();break;break;case2:(head=Readpoint();/寫入鏈表，返回頭指針Sort(head);printf(-ttt以學(xué)號(hào)升序排列n");Read(head);/鏈表數(shù)據(jù)寫入文件Save(head);printf("n");printf("ttt1:返回主菜單n");printf("ttt2:返回二級(jí)菜單n");printf("n");printf("請(qǐng)您輸入指令:");scanf("%d",&a

12、mp;num);switch(num)(case1:Menu_1();break;case2:Menu_2();break;default:(printf(-輸入無(wú)效，返回二級(jí)菜單!n");Menu_2();break;break;case3:(head=Readpoint();Search(head);/查找學(xué)生信息printf("n");printf("ttt1:返回主菜單n");printf("ttt2:返回二級(jí)菜單n");printf("n");printf("請(qǐng)您輸入指令:"

13、);scanf("%d",&num);switch(num)case1:Menu_1();break;case2:Menu_2();break;default:printf(-輸入無(wú)效，返回二級(jí)菜單！n");Menu_2();break;break;case4:head=Readpoint();Modify(head);/修改結(jié)構(gòu)體成員并保存到文件Save(head);printf("n");printf("ttt1:返回主菜單n");printf("ttt2:返回二級(jí)菜單n");printf(&

14、quot;n");printf("請(qǐng)您輸入指令:");scanf("%d",&num);switch(num)case1:Menu_1();break;case2:Menu_2();break;default:printf(-輸入無(wú)效，返回二級(jí)菜單！n");Menu_2();break;break;case5:(head=Readpoint();增加學(xué)生信Add(head);息并保存到文件Save(head);printf("n");printf("ttt1:返回主菜單n");print

15、f("ttt2:返回二級(jí)菜單n");printf("n");printf("請(qǐng)您輸入指令:");scanf("%d”,&num);switch(num)(case1:Menu_1();break;case2:Menu_2();break;default:(printf("輸入無(wú)效，返回二級(jí)菜單!n");Menu_2();break;break;case6:(head=Readpoint();head=Delete(head);/刪除學(xué)生信息并保存到文件Save(head);printf("

16、;n");printf("ttt1:返回主菜單n");printf("ttt2:返回二級(jí)菜單n");printf("n");printf("請(qǐng)您輸入指令:");scanf("%d",&num);switch(num)(case1:Menu_1();break;case2:Menu_2();break;default:(printf(-輸入無(wú)效，返回二級(jí)菜單!n");Menu_2();break;break;case0:Menu_1();break;default:(p

17、rintf("請(qǐng)重新輸入n");Menu_2();break;/*-*/structstudent*Create()/學(xué)生信息手動(dòng)錄入(structstudent*head,*p,*q;intn;p=q=(structstudent*)malloc(sizeof(structstudent);printf(-請(qǐng)輸入學(xué)生的、學(xué)號(hào)、性別、語(yǔ)文成績(jī)、高等數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)、英語(yǔ)成績(jī):n");scanf("%s",q->name);scanf("%d%s%d%d%d",&q->num,&q->sex,&

18、;q->Chinese,&q->Math,&q->English);n=0;head=NULL;while(q->num!=0)(n=n+1;if(n=1)head=q;elsep->next=q;p=q;q=(structstudent*)malloc(sizeof(structstudent);scanf("%s",q->name);scanf("%d%s%d%d%d",&q->num,q->sex,&q->Chinese,&q->Math,&

19、q->English);p->next=NULL;printf(-學(xué)生信息錄入成功！n");returnhead;/*-*/structstudent*Readpoint()/學(xué)生信息寫入存，便于操作FILE*fp1;structstudent*head,*p,*q;intn;if(fp1=fopen("E:test.txt","rb")=NULL)printf("openfileerror!n");exit(0);p=q=(structstudent*)malloc(sizeof(structstudent);

20、fscanf(fp1,"%s%d%s%d%d%d",q->name,&q->num,q->sex,&q->Chinese，&q->Math,&q->English);n=0;head=NULL;while(!feof(fp1)n=n+1;if(n=1)head=q;elsep->next=q;p=q;q=(structstudent*)malloc(sizeof(structstudent);fscanf(fp1,"%s%d%s%d%d%d",&q->name,&am

21、p;q->num,&q->sex,&q->Chinese,&q->Math,&q->English);p->next=NULL;fclose(fp1);returnhead;/*-*/voidSwap(structstudent*phead,structstudent*pback)/鏈表元素?cái)?shù)據(jù)交換structstudent*temp=(structstudent*)malloc(sizeof(structstudent);strcpy(temp->name,phead->name);temp->num=ph

22、ead->num;strcpy(temp->sex,phead->sex);temp->Chinese=phead->Chinese;temp->Math=phead->Math;temp->English=phead->English;strcpy(phead->name,pback->name);phead->num=pback->num;strcpy(phead->sex,pback->sex);phead->Chinese=pback->Chinese;phead->Math=p

23、back->Math;phead->English=pback->English;strcpy(pback->name,temp->name);pback->num=temp->num;strcpy(pback->sex,temp->sex);pback->Chinese=temp->Chinese;pback->Math=temp->Math;pback->English=temp->English;free(temp);/*-*/voidSort(structstudent*head)/學(xué)號(hào)排序(st

24、ructstudent*phead=(structstudent*)malloc(sizeof(structstudent);structstudent*pback=(structstudent*)malloc(sizeof(structstudent);phead=head;while(phead)(intNum=phead->num;pback=phead->next;while(pback)(if(Num>pback->num)(Swap(phead,pback);Num=phead->num;pback=pback->next;phead=phead

25、->next;/*-*/voidRead(structstudent*head)/學(xué)生信息讀取(structstudent*p;p=head;printf("n");printf(-學(xué)生的、學(xué)號(hào)、性別、語(yǔ)文成績(jī)、高等數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)、英語(yǔ)成績(jī)：n");while(p!=NULL)(printf("%st%dt%st%dt%dtt%dn",p->name,p->num,p->sex,p->Chinese,p->Math,p->English);p=p->next;printf("n")；

26、/*-*/voidSave(structstudent*head)/學(xué)生信息保存到文件structstudent*p;FILE*fp;if(fp=fopen("E:test.txt","wb")=NULL)printf("openfileerror!n");exit(0);p=head;while(p!=NULL)fprintf(fp,"%s%d%s%d%d%d",p->name,p->num,p->sex,p->Chinese,p->Math,p->English);fprin

27、tf(fp,"%s","rn");p=p->next;fclose(fp);/*-*/voidSearch(structstudent*head)/學(xué)生信息查找intn;structstudent*p;charname24;intnum;charsex5;intChinese;intMath;intEnglish;printf("您想以何種方式進(jìn)行查找:n");printf("1;n");printf("2:學(xué)號(hào)n");printf("3:性另叭n");printf(&

28、quot;4:語(yǔ)文成績(jī)n");printf("5:數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)n");printf("6:英語(yǔ)成績(jī)n");printf("0:返回二級(jí)菜單n");scanf("%d",&n);switch(n)case1:printf(-請(qǐng)輸入:");/按查找scanf("%s",name);p=head;while(strcmp(name,p->name)!=0&&p->next!=NULL)p=p->next;if(strcmp(name,p->

29、;name)=0)printf("%s%d%s%d%d%dn",p->name,p->num,p->sex,p->Chinese,p->Math,p->English);elseprintf("查無(wú)此人!n");break;case2:printf(-請(qǐng)輸入學(xué)號(hào):");/按學(xué)號(hào)查找scanf("%d",&num);p=head;while(num!=p->num&&p->next!=NULL)p=p->next;if(num=p->num)p

30、rintf("%s%d%s%d%d%dn",p->name,p->num,p->sex,p->Chinese,p->Math,p->English);elseprintf("查無(wú)此人!n");break;case3:(printf(-請(qǐng)輸入性別：")；/按性別查找scanf("%s",sex);p=head;while(p!=NULL)(if(strcmp(sex,p->sex)=0)printf("%s%d%s%d%d%dn",p->name,p->

31、num,p->sex,p->Chinese,p->Math,p->English);p=p->next;break;case4:(printf("請(qǐng)輸入語(yǔ)文成績(jī):");/按語(yǔ)文成績(jī)查找scanf("%d",&Chinese);p=head;while(p!=NULL)(if(Chinese=p->Chinese)printf("%s%d%s%d%d%dn",p->name,p->num,p->sex,p->Chinese,p->Math,p->Englis

32、h);p=p->next;break;case5:(printf("請(qǐng)輸入高等數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)：")；/按高等數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)查找scanf("%d",&Math);p=head;while(p!=NULL)(if(Math=p->Math)printf("%s%d%s%d%d%dn",p->name,p->num,p->sex,p->Chinese,p->Math,p->English);p=p->next;break;case6:(printf("請(qǐng)輸入英語(yǔ)成績(jī):"

33、);/按英語(yǔ)成績(jī)查找scanf("%d",&English);p=head;while(p!=NULL)(if(English=p->English)printf("%s%d%s%d%d%dn",p->name,p->num,p->sex,p->Chinese,p->Math,p->English);p=p->next;break;default:(printf(-指令錯(cuò)誤返回二級(jí)菜單！n");Menu_2();break;/*-*/structstudent*Modify(structs

34、tudent*head)(intn;structstudent*p;charname24;intnum;printf("您想以何種方式進(jìn)行修改:n");printf("1;n");printf("2:學(xué)號(hào)n");printf("0:返回二級(jí)菜單n");scanf("%d",&n);switch(n)(case1:(printf(-請(qǐng)輸入:")；/按查找后修改信息scanf("%s",name);p=head;while(strcmp(name,p->n

35、ame)!=0&&p->next!=NULL)p=p->next;if(strcmp(name,p->name)=0)scanf("%s%d%s%d%d%d”,p->name,&p->num,p->sex,&p->Chinese,&p->Math,&p->English);printf("修改后:n");printf("%s%d%s%d%d%dn",p->name,p->num,p->sex,p->Chinese,p-&

36、gt;Math,p->English);elseprintf("查無(wú)此人!n");break;case2:printf("請(qǐng)輸入學(xué)號(hào):");/按學(xué)號(hào)查找后修改信息scanf("%d",&num);p=head;while(num!=p->num&&p->next!=NULL)p=p->next;if(num=p->num)scanf("%s%d%s%d%d%d",p->name,&p->num,p->sex,&p->Chi

37、nese,&p->Math,&p->English);printf("修改后:n");printf("%s%d%s%d%d%dn",p->name,p->num,p->sex,p->Chinese,p->Math,p->English);elseprintf("查無(wú)此人!n");break;default:printf("指令錯(cuò)誤,返回二級(jí)菜單!n");Menu_2();break;returnhead;structstudent*Add(struct

38、student*head)增加學(xué)生信息structstudent*p,*q;/為增加的學(xué)生分配存structstudent*add=(structstudent*)malloc(sizeof(structstudent);scanf("%s%d%s%d%d%d”,add->name,&add->num,add->sex,&add->Chinese,&add->Math,&add->English);q=head;if(head=NULL)head=add;/空表插入add->next=NULL;elsewhil

39、e(add->num>q->num)&&(q->next!=NULL)/指向下個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)p=q;q=q->next;if(add->num<=q->num)/插至U首節(jié)點(diǎn)if(head=q)head=add;elsep->next=add;/插到中間節(jié)點(diǎn)add->next=q;elseq->next=add;/插至U尾節(jié)點(diǎn)add->next=NULL;returnhead;structstudent*Delete(structstudent*head)/刪除學(xué)生信息intn;structstudent*p,*q;charname24;intnum;printf（"您想以何種方式進(jìn)行刪除:n"）;printf("1;n");printf("2:學(xué)號(hào)n");printf("0:返回二級(jí)菜單n");scanf("%d",&n);switch(n)case1:printf(-請(qǐng)輸入:")；/按查找并刪除scanf("%s",name);p=head;while(strcmp(name,p->name)!=0&&am