新思維綜合英語第一冊

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上 新思維綜合英語第一冊第四單元參考講義本單元主要對話功能：How to talk about a foreign language 如何談?wù)撘婚T外語How to talk about ones family 如何談?wù)摷彝ow to talk about events in the past 如何談?wù)撨^去的事情How to talk about how you met someone 如何談?wù)撆c別人相識的經(jīng)過 Lesson 23, What does the “K” stand for? Luke Taylor and Maya Winston are talking

2、 about their families. Focus Questions and answers:1. How does Luke know that Koziol is Polish?_Lukes wife is Polish, and Lukes spent some time in Poland. So he should be able to speak a little Polish or at least recognize the Polish sound. 2. How did Luke get to know his wife?_She studied in his En

3、glish class in the States. 3. How is Lukes wife, Stenias English now? How did she achieve that?_She speaks English almost perfectly now. She worked so hard on her English (while she was learning English). 4. Where are Mayas relatives now? What language do Mayas parents speak at home?_They are all li

4、ving in the States now. Mayas parents speak English now because in the dialogue, Maya says that her father used to speak Polish, and her mother forgot all other languages since she learned English. （所以他們家就說英語了。）Language points in the dialogues:What an unusual necklace! 是個感嘆句，What a 后邊一般跟名詞性短語。如： Wha

5、t an interesting story (it is)! 這個故事多有趣呀！What a splendid performance! 演出多精彩??！Stand for 代表，表示。如：What does “K” stand for? K 的意思是什么？PE stands for physical education. PE 表示體育課的意思。在西方國家里，女孩子長大結(jié)婚后一般要改用丈夫的姓氏，Maiden name指女孩結(jié)婚前所用的姓。The States (S 大寫)，指 the United States. 口語中，人們談起美國時，用得更多的是 the States 或 Americ

6、a, 來代替 the USA.Which language do you speak at home, English or Polish? 選擇疑問句，疑問詞用 which，也可以說 What language(s) do you speak? 如果問話人知道你會講多種不同外語，會用languages 來提問。Speak 講（一種語言）。How many languages can he speak? Used to do sth, 過去常常做某事?，F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒有這習(xí)慣了。I used to smoke a lot. Work hard, 努力工作，認(rèn)真工作。Be good at sth. 在

7、某方面很擅長，有某方面能力。She is good at languages. 她有語言天賦。She still has a very slight accent, but you can hardly tell shes foreign. 她仍然有一點點口音，不過你幾乎分辨不出她是外國人了。Accent 口音，腔調(diào)，someone with a different accent 不同口音的人。Slight微小的，輕微的。Shes got a slight headache. 她有點（輕微的）頭痛。Tell 區(qū)分，辨別。They look exactly the same how can yo

8、u tell which is which? 他們看起來一模一樣，你怎么能分辨出哪個是哪個呢？動詞 tell 當(dāng)“區(qū)分、辨別”講時，一般用在 tell sb / sth from sb / sth 這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Can you tell Jane from her twin sister? 你能把Jane 和她的雙胞胎妹妹分辨開嗎？Hardly 幾乎不，幾乎沒有。Im so tired I can hardly walk any further. 我太累了，幾乎一步也走不動了。學(xué)習(xí)時需要注意這類含有否定意義的副詞，在句子中使用時，避免雙重否定。比如，剛才這句話就不能說成 Im so tir

9、ed I can not hardly walk any further. (錯句)Was either of your parents born in Poland? Yes, they both were. 你父母有誰是在波蘭出生的嗎？是的，他們都是。Either of 二者之一。后面常常接兩個方面、兩件事情或兩個人，相關(guān)的動詞往往用單數(shù)。Either of the two phrases is acceptable. 兩個短語哪個都可以接受。Either or 常常連用，表示“二者之中任選其一”。He must be either mad or drunk. 他不是瘋了，就是醉了。I w

10、as expecting you (to come) either today or tomorrow. 我希望你要么今天要么明天來。He hasnt spoken it since my grandparents died. 自從我的祖父母去世后他就沒再講過。注意這句話里的現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時結(jié)合使用時的典型用法。表示“自從（可以是某件事或某個時間點）以來一直（沒）做某事”的時間關(guān)系時，一般用 since 將主從句連接起來，主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時，since 后的從句部分用一般過去時或者用表示時間點的名詞（短語）。如：I havent heard from him since he left

11、 here last year. 自從去年他離開這里我沒有收到他的信。John has been in this country since he was ten. 從十歲開始John 就住在這個國家了。Fluently 流利地，指語言或講話口齒很流利。Fluent 流利的，形容詞。She speaks fluent English. She speaks English fluently. 她講英語很流利。Unfortunately, 不幸地。Unfortunate 不幸的。說話人為了表示馬上要說的內(nèi)容很不幸，或很遺憾，常常用unfortunately / unlucky來帶出即將要說的話。

12、如：Unfortunately, he didnt pass the end-of-term examination. 不幸的是，他沒有通過期末考試。As soon as, 一就，表示兩件事情緊接著連續(xù)發(fā)生，既可以用于談?wù)撐磥淼氖虑橐部梢杂糜谡務(wù)撨^去。如：As soon as we get the tickets well send them to you. 我們一拿到票就給你送過來。As soon as she got out of bed the telephone stopped ringing. 她一下床電話鈴就斷了。Lesson 27. I guess my mind was som

13、ewhere else. Laura and Chuck are having something to eat after seeing a movie. They talk about Chucks job interview. Focus questions and answers:1. Where do you think the dialogue takes place?_Most probably in a restaurant.2. Why was Chucks mind somewhere else?_He was thinking about the interview. 3

14、. Why was Chuck anxious? _he was anxious to know the interview result, and of course he wanted to get the job. Language points in the dialogue:You were thinking about the interview again, werent you? Think about, 考慮，思考。We have to think about whether we should buy the car.我們得認(rèn)真考慮一下買不買車。Im thinking ab

15、out the plan for our tour.我在考慮我們的旅行計劃。這句話里的Werent you？ 是個附加疑問句。在這樣的句子里，一般來說，前面需要有個陳述句。如果陳述句用肯定句，附加疑問句就用否定式疑問句。如果陳述句用否定句，附加疑問句就用肯定式疑問句。如：Youve been to the Great Wall, havent you? Hes not going to the party, is he? 但是，有時也有例外。如：She telephoned her brother, did she? （用來表示驚訝、確認(rèn)等。）使用附加疑問句時，不僅要注意前后肯定與否定的關(guān)系，

16、還要注意助動詞和時態(tài)的一致性問題。比如，如果前邊的句子用現(xiàn)在完成時，附加疑問句就需要用 have 或 havent；如果前邊的句子用帶有 will 的一般將來時，附加疑問句就需要用 will 或 wont 等等。Get sth out of ones mind 擺脫思想中的困擾。如：He was terribly lost in that experience for quite some time, and finally he got it out of his mind when he moved to a new place. 他很長時間一直沉浸在那次可怕的經(jīng)歷中不能自拔，直到后來搬到

17、一個新地方后才得以擺脫出來。Figure out 理解，弄清楚，解決。She hasnt figured out what shes going to do next. 她還沒有弄清楚接下來她將做什么。He has figured out all the possibilities before he does it. 他事前已經(jīng)弄清楚了所有的可能性。Anxious to do sth 迫不及待想做某事。She is so anxious to visit Beijing next week because it is her first visit there. Make a / the d

18、ecision 做出決定，確定。Who made the decision to go there?是誰決定去那兒的？I think Ive made a wrong decision to buy this big house.我想我決定買這座大房子是錯誤的。Relax 放松，松弛。Lets stop working and relax for an hour. 別干了，我們休息一小時吧。Lesson 29 The first Americans.Focus questions:1Why did Columbus call people already living in America “

19、Indians” when he landed there?2. How did the ancestors of these people come to America?3. What technique do scientists use to decide the age of the remains of the ancient bodies or artifacts?4. What are causing excitement and controversy among experts?5. What did scientists find in Chili?6. What is

20、the most controversial finding in Brazil? Language Points in the Reading Text: Scientists disagree on the date. 科學(xué)家在日期上沒有達成一致。Agree / disagree on sth 在某方面意見（不）一致，（不）同意。介詞用on. Finally we agreed on the route for climbing the hill. 最后我們就爬山路線達成了一致意見。學(xué)習(xí)時注意這個短語跟 agree / disagree with sb / sth 的區(qū)別。Agree /

21、disagree with sb / sth（不）同意某人說的話或者看法；與某人意見不一致。I disagree with much of what he says. 我不同意他說的很多話。My brother agrees with me in most of the issues we discuss. 在討論問題時，我弟弟大多同意我的看法。Original 原有的，原始的，初始的；新穎的，有創(chuàng)造性的。It is said no one can remember the original state of the building. 據(jù)說，沒有人能回憶起那座樓本來的樣子了。This is

22、the most original story Ive ever read. 這是我讀過的最新穎的故事了。Arrive in 到達某一地方、城市（比較大的地方），如：It was raining when we arrived in Guangzhou. 而arrive at 的意思是“到達一個具體的小的地點”，如： He arrived at his hotel soon after midnight. Arrive at 還表示經(jīng)過努力達成協(xié)議、決定、或達到某種程度。It took us several hours to arrive at a decision. 我們花費了好幾個小時才終

23、于達成決議。在 When Columbus “discovered” America in 1492, he found people already living there.這句話里，discover 用了引號，原因是什么呢？discover 這個詞的意思是，發(fā)現(xiàn)原來沒有被人所知道或了解的事情或情況。Discover 不同于 find, 后者的意思是，找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)，是一般意義上的看見或找到，被找到的東西本來就是存在的。在哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸的時候美洲這塊大陸已經(jīng)是存在的，而且有人居住，所以并不是他第一個發(fā)現(xiàn)這個地方的。Find sb doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事。When I ente

24、red the room, I found him watching TV. 我進入房間的時候，看見他正在看電視。Thinking he had landed in the East Indies, he called these people “Indians”. 前半句話Thinking he had landed in the East Indies 是個 ing 分詞短語，做he called these people “Indians” 的原因狀語。Stretching from the top of North America to the tip of South America

25、 were many different groups是個倒裝句，動詞謂語是 were, 主語是 many different groups. 用來強調(diào)“不同的種族部落由北到南散布在美洲大陸”的這個事實。Migrate 遷移，移往。Migrate from one place to another 從一個地方遷移到另一個地方。如：They had to migrate to this new land because of the terrible flood in the fifties. 由于五十年代的那場可怕的洪水他們被迫遷移到了這片土地。The northern half of the

26、 earth was covered in ice. 北半球被冰雪覆蓋。有時，我們也用 be covered with 來表示“長有很多，覆蓋著很多”如：The next morning when I woke up, I found the trees were all covered with beautiful snow. 早上醒來的時候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)樹上掛滿了美麗的雪。Experts believe that people from Siberia followed the animals that they hunted and traveled to Alaska over land t

27、hat is now a 50-mile body of water called the Bering Strait. 這句話里有兩個 that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，分別修飾前面的the animals 和 land 這兩個名詞。過去分詞短語called the Bering Strait 作 body of water 的定語，body 在這里指大面積的水域。在上萬年前，亞洲和美洲大陸之間是相連的，白令海峽是后來才逐漸形成的。所以這些遠古時代的西伯利亞人才能追趕著他們的獵物跑到美洲。Look for 尋找，探詢，查找。 What are you doing? Im looking for my

28、 keys.Remain 做動詞時意思是“遺留；繼續(xù)，保持”，而做名詞時只有 remains 復(fù)數(shù)形式，意思是“遺留物；遺跡；殘骸”。The remains of a meal 殘羹剩飯。Along with bones from humans and animals, they uncover pieces of pottery, tools, and even the remains of campfires. 這里，along with 是什么意思呢？這句話的意思是，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)人和動物遺骨的同時，還發(fā)現(xiàn)了瓷器、工具，甚至篝火的的殘跡。Along with 與一起，同時，表示兩件事情同時發(fā)生

29、，或跟別的事物一起存在。Date 做名詞時意思是“日期；年代”，如：Whats the date today? 還可以做動詞，意思是“加日期于；鑒定古物等的年代”，如：Dont forget to date your letters. 別忘記給你的信加日期。課文里的radiocarbon dating 指放射性碳元素確定年代技術(shù)。這篇文章稍后還有 date back 這個短語，意思是“追溯到某個時候”，如：This is a long story. It dates back to 26 years ago. 這是一個比較久遠的故事了，還得追溯到26年前。Figure out = work o

30、ut 美語非正式語體，理解、弄清楚、確定、解決。She hasnt figured out what she is going to do about it. 她還沒有弄清楚自己該怎么辦呢。These discoveries are causing a lot of excitement and controversy among experts. 這句話是什么意思呢？Excitement 興奮，激動。Controversy 長期的爭論、爭議。Controversial 是形容詞形式，有爭議的，引起爭議的。你看這句話這樣翻譯好嗎？這些發(fā)現(xiàn)引起了專家們濃厚的興趣和激烈的爭議。Cause, （動詞

31、）引起，引發(fā)。What do you think caused the problem? 做名詞時cause 的意思是“原因”，如：They are trying to find out the cause of the power cut.他們在爭取找出停電的原因。Well-preserved 保存完好的，指什么東西存放時保護得比較好。These paintings have been well-preserved, and they still look so vivid and lively. 這些繪畫保存得非常好，看上去還是那么形象生動。英語中經(jīng)常有這種有一個副詞和一個過去分詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)

32、合形容詞，如：newly-married 新婚的，newly-arrived新來的，新到貨的，well-meant 善意的，well-organized結(jié)構(gòu)合理的。Similar to 與相似的。This story is quite similar to the movie we saw last week. Estimate 估計，估算，預(yù)測。It is estimated that the total value of the bookshop will be about 500,000 dollars. 據(jù)估算，這個書店的總價值大約五十萬美元。文章提到考古學(xué)家Guidon defend

33、s her finds and even comes up with a new idea 在這句話里 defend 的意思是“為辯護”，如：The minister defended himself in the House of Commons. 部長在下議院里為他自己做了辯護。He was determined to have his own lawyers to defend him. 他決心用自己的律師來為他做辯護。剛才這句話里的 be determined to do sth, 意思是“下定決心做某事”。當(dāng)表示“提/想出一個主意、計劃或方案”的時候，英語中經(jīng)常用到一個詞組 come

34、 up with, 如：It took him about a week to come up with this detailed plan, and he did a wonderful job. 他用了一個星期的時間提出這個細致的計劃，干得真不錯。 They may have traveled directly from Asia to South America in boats. 這句話里有情態(tài)動詞 may + have done 這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，這是表達什么含義呢？再舉個例子：Look, there is ice everywhere! It must have been very c

35、old last night. 這句話里也有個情態(tài)動詞 must + have done 這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。從這兩句話里你也許已經(jīng)能夠看出，這是表示對過去事情推測或猜測的一種表達法。May have done sth 表示“有可能發(fā)生 / 做了某事”，而must have done sth 表示“一定發(fā)生 / 做了某事”。Answers to the focus questions:1Why did Columbus call people already living in America “Indians” when he landed there?When Columbus first lan

36、ded there, he found there were already people living there. He thought he had landed in the East Indies, so he named these people “Indians”. But actually they were in different groups, each with its own name. 2. How did many scientists believe the ancestors of the people living in America come to Am

37、erica?They believed that the ancestors of these people were from Siberia. People followed the animals they hunted and traveled to Alaska over the land. Bering strait was in the ancient days land. 3. What technique do scientists use to decide the age of the remains of the ancient bodies or artifacts?Radiocarbon dating.放射形碳元素確定年代技術(shù)。They can determine the age of these bodies or artifacts by measuring the amount of radioactive carbon in them.4. What are causing excitemen