譯林版五年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)-已整理.doc

1、五年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、注意名詞單復(fù)數(shù)：1、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用于：How many 后面；some/any/many/a lot of/ two, three后面； these/thos詬面all the后面；between后面植一種物體時(shí)，這個(gè)物體用復(fù)數(shù)like后面are前面的人稱和名詞用復(fù)數(shù)：we/they/the children2、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則：1） 一般直接 +s： bear§ students2） 以 s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，力口 es： bus-buses box-boxes,3）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，把y變?yōu)閕,再加ies :library - libr

2、aries hobby-hobbies story-stories4）不規(guī)貝U名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, foot-feet, Child-children3、不可數(shù)名詞：water, soup, milk, juice, tea, coffee, brea前包），rice（米飯），hair 等等。二、注意一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)；（注：所有否定句、疑問(wèn)句中，動(dòng)詞都用原形。）1、肯定句中哪些情況下用第三人稱單數(shù)：1）人稱代詞he, she, it作主語(yǔ)時(shí);2）單個(gè)人名、地名或稱呼作主語(yǔ)時(shí)；3）單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或"th

3、is / that / the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞"作主語(yǔ)時(shí)；4）不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)；5）當(dāng)數(shù)字或字母作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，等等。2、動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則如下：1） 一般情況下，動(dòng)詞后面直接加s.如：works / plays/ reads2）以s. x. sh. ch或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在后面加es.例：teach-teaches, watch-watches, do-does, go-goes3）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y變?yōu)閕,再加es.例：study- studies fly-flies carry-carries4）不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)：havehas; beis三、人稱代詞、名詞所

4、有格及序數(shù)詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一二三一二三主格IyouhesheItweyouthey賓格meyouhimherItusyouthem物主 代詞my我的your 你的his他的her她的Its它的our我們的your你們的their他們的1、主格用來(lái)作句中的主語(yǔ)，用于動(dòng)詞前面。例：They are doctors.2、賓格用來(lái)作句中的賓語(yǔ)，放在動(dòng)詞或介詞的后面。本冊(cè)書(shū)上出現(xiàn)的詞組：in front of her show her around push me teach you What' s wrong wittbim? write him a letter Here' s a Chr

5、istmas card foou. Let me. chat with them on the Internet give it a cake3、形容詞性物主代詞+名詞形容詞性物主代詞，之所以叫它們形容詞是因?yàn)樗麄?必須放在名詞前面。4、名詞所有格 作形容詞性，表示所屬關(guān)系；在人名或稱呼后加，s以s結(jié)尾的，直接加' 如：mother' ,s parent5、序數(shù)詞first-second-third-fourth序數(shù)詞一般要與the連用；2）在某一層樓用介詞on。四、選擇和用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空1、哪些情況加動(dòng)詞原形1） want to +動(dòng)詞原形4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can+動(dòng)詞原形6）

6、 let+動(dòng)詞原形8）否定句在句首加Don't2、哪些情況加動(dòng)詞ing（注：有to時(shí)，to跟后面的動(dòng)詞原形放在同一空格）2) would like to + 動(dòng)詞原形3) it s time to + 動(dòng)詞原形5)助動(dòng)詞(do, does , donit, doesnn't) + 動(dòng)詞原形7)祈使句中動(dòng)詞用原形(如Do your homework, please.)(如 Don't do your homework, please)創(chuàng)詞原形1) like 2) go 3) be good at 4) be 5)后面跟名詞，如 swimming lesson 動(dòng)詞+ing

7、變化規(guī)則如下：A、直接力口上 ing: draw-drawing play-playing read-readingB、以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加上ingskate-skating make-making dance-dancinghave-having come-coming write-writingC、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞要雙寫(xiě)尾字母，再加上 ing從單詞的末尾開(kāi)始往前數(shù)符合“輔音-元音-輔音”結(jié)構(gòu)的。（注：詞尾是w和y的除外,如：drawing, playing等除外）;run-running sit-sittingput-putting chat-chattingget-gettin

8、g swim-swimming stop-stopping shop-shopping3. 形容詞加名詞（形名）如：a beautiful girl4. 動(dòng)詞加副詞（動(dòng)副）如：swim well5. Some和 any 用法:“some” 一般用于肯定句，“any”用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。但在一些表示委婉請(qǐng)求，想得到對(duì)方肯定回答時(shí)也用“ some'。（小技巧：末尾是句號(hào)，句中是any,那這句型是否定句）6. There be結(jié)構(gòu)就近原則，be動(dòng)詞的選擇取決于緊跟在后面的名詞數(shù)量。 如：There is a teacher and some students in the classroom

9、.7. 樂(lè)器前加 the,球類(lèi)前不加 the.如：play the piano, play football8. Who當(dāng)作特殊的第三人稱 單數(shù)（Who sings well?）9. 1般現(xiàn)在日f(shuō)彳成：1）主語(yǔ)+be（am,is,are）鎮(zhèn)它。2）主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞+其它。關(guān)鍵詞： always, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays, every（注：主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞力口 s, esg甫音+y時(shí)，把y變?yōu)閕再力口 es 其他時(shí)彳戾動(dòng)詞用原形）10. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)關(guān)鍵詞：look, listen, now （注：be動(dòng)詞（is am are）動(dòng)詞ing,

10、兩者缺一不可）11. and前后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一致。指當(dāng)句子中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞共用同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。She often goes fishing and takes photos.Let's go and have some chicken.12、相同意思不同用法的辨析：1）有；there is/are 和 have/hasthere is/are表示在某地有某物（或某人）；表示存在；there be 就近原則；have/has表示某人有某物；表示所屬關(guān)系；前面必須有主語(yǔ)。2）也；too-either-alsotoo由于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句句末；either用于否

11、定句句末；also用于句中。3）都;both-allboth用于兩者都；all用于三者及以上都。4）好；good-wellgood+名詞；動(dòng)詞+well。5）和；with-andwith是介詞，意思是“和一起”，后面跟名詞或代詞的賓格。and是連詞，意思是“和" 用and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。五、句型轉(zhuǎn)換同義句：1. It's time for sth= It 'time to do sth該是時(shí)間了 （注：for后面跟名詞；to后面跟動(dòng)詞原形） It ' s time for dinner.=It ' s time to h

12、ave dinner.2. What time is it?=What's the time?幾點(diǎn)呢?3. There is（are） no（s> =There isn't / arent'any 沒(méi)有4. have no - = don ' have （any） 沒(méi)有They have no legs or arms. =They don ' t have any legs or arms.5. hasno = doesn have （any） 沒(méi)有6. I like picnics. = I like having picnics. 注：lik

13、e后面跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)或動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)詞+ing 7. show sth （M物）to sb保人）=show sb （M物）sth（某人）向展示東西8. give sth（藁物）to sb俄人尸give sb （某物）sth（某人）給 人東西9. What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is! 多么可愛(ài)的螞蟻啊10. That is Jan smbrella.= That umbrella is Jans.那是杰的傘11. Whats wrong with him? = What's the matter with him? 他怎么了 ？否定句1、有 be

14、動(dòng)詞（am, is ,ar8 , be 后直接力口 not （am not/ is not=isn't/ are not =arenit）;2、有 can, can 后直接力口 not （can not=can't）;3、只有動(dòng)詞，在動(dòng)詞原形前加 don't三單動(dòng)詞前加doesdt,動(dòng)詞變回原形。He does his homework.（改成否定句） He doesn?t do his homework.一般疑問(wèn)句：用Yes或No回答的句子1、有be動(dòng)詞，be動(dòng)詞提前；2、有 can或 would, can或 would 提前；3、只有動(dòng)詞，句首加Do/ Does,動(dòng)

15、詞原形:注意：I ' m變 Are you ; some 變 any; my 變 your; and 變 or .特殊疑問(wèn)句：有特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句There be句型提問(wèn)：1、對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)：1） How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there +H司短語(yǔ)？（注：對(duì)there b近面可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn)時(shí)，無(wú)論主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，都用復(fù)攀形式提問(wèn)） 例:There aj24classrooms in our school? / Thoneyisonelassroom in our school?（線部分提問(wèn) How many classrooms are there in our

16、 school?（注： 上面兩句提問(wèn)，者B是這句子）2） How much + 不可數(shù)名詞+ is there +H司短語(yǔ)？例：There is some milk in the glass.附劃線部分提問(wèn)）How much milk is there in the glass?2、對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)there be針對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：What' +介詞短語(yǔ)？（注：對(duì)there be后面的主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)，無(wú)論主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，都用What's提問(wèn)）例：There aresix bookson the desk. / There isa book on the desk.

17、附戈U線部分提問(wèn)）What' s on the desk?注：上面兩句提問(wèn)，都是這句子）感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)：感嘆句常用how或what來(lái)引導(dǎo)（1） what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，最終修飾的是名詞（2） how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，最終修飾的是形容詞/副詞What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is! 多么可愛(ài)的螞蟻?。?duì)劃線提問(wèn), 疑問(wèn)詞：What問(wèn)什么； What colour問(wèn)顏色；What time問(wèn)具體時(shí)間（如幾點(diǎn)鐘）；when問(wèn)范圍廣的時(shí)間；where 問(wèn)在哪里；How old 問(wèn)年齡；how many 問(wèn)數(shù)量 （可數(shù)名詞 ） ；how much 1）問(wèn)數(shù)量（

18、不可數(shù)名詞）， 2）問(wèn)價(jià)錢(qián)；how about 問(wèn)怎樣；who 問(wèn)誰(shuí)（人） ； whose 問(wèn)誰(shuí)的東西（問(wèn)主人）；同音詞：B be bee, Csee sea, R are,T tea, Uyou,Y why,I-eye,too-two-to,four for, herehear, there their,right write, sunson, noknow,pair pear,it sits, buy by bye, hi high, wear where, aren taunt, who s whose, 近義詞 （ 或同義詞 ） ：Many lots ofa lot of,desk t

19、able, like love, tall highnear beside,too also, listen hear,look see, class lesson, glass cup, home house,beautiful pretty, usually often, hi hello, speak say talk, river lake, would like want, go home come home反義詞 （ 或?qū)?yīng)詞 ） ：yesno, this that, these those,here there,go come, open close, big small,fat

20、 thin, tall short, long short, black white, happy sad, hotcold, cool warm, softhard, on under, in frontof behind,inout,boy girl, man woman,wrong right, down up, sit stand, easy difficult, take off（ 脫下 ） put on（ 穿上 ） 完整形式： ImI am,werewe are,youreyou are,heshe is,itsit is,theresthere is,isntis notwhos

21、who is,Letslet us,IdI would,cant can not,don t do not,doesnt does not特殊的名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man men, woman women,policeman policemen, child children, foot feet,fish fish,people people, Chinese-Chinese三單動(dòng)詞變化：特殊的：do -does； go-goes； have-has； teach teaches； watch-watches；wash-washes; push-pushes； brush-brushes; catch

22、-catches； study - studies； fly-flies； 其余的直接加s.動(dòng)詞變名詞:A. 一般情況下在動(dòng)詞后面直接加er。teach-teacher , work worker, play player, sing singer, find finderB.以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加r。write writer, drive driver, come comer, dance dancerC. 符合重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母，再加er。run runner, begin beginner, swim swimmerD. 部分單詞在詞尾加or。visit visitor，

23、act actorE. 本身既是動(dòng)詞又是名詞。cook cook, doctor doctorCulture 板塊：U1, U2, U3, U5, U6, U7.1). U1: Coffee is popular in Western countries. Tea is popular in China. 咖啡在西方國(guó)家受歡迎。茶在中國(guó)受歡迎。2) . U2: In the UK, this is the ground floor. 在英國(guó)，這是一樓。3) . U3: You can see pandas in China. 你在中國(guó)可以看到熊貓。You can see polar bears

24、 in Canada. 你在加拿大能看到北極熊。4) . U5: In the US, we call a policeman a 在美國(guó)，我們稱呼警察為cop。In the US, this is the first floor.在美國(guó)，這是一樓。You can see bald eagles in the US.你在美國(guó)能看到禿鷹。You can see kangaroos in Australia.你在澳大利亞能看到袋鼠。In t hecUK: we cal a firefighter a在英國(guó)，我們稱呼消防隊(duì)員為firemanfirem5）. U6: We write Chinese

25、addresses like this.我們這樣書(shū)寫(xiě)中文地址。（國(guó)名一地名一人名，由大到小）We write English addresses like this.我們這樣書(shū)寫(xiě)英文地址。（人名一地名一國(guó)名，由小到大）6). U7: Basketball is very popular in the US.籃球在美國(guó)很受歡迎。Football is very popular in the UK.足球在英國(guó)很受歡迎。Table tennis is very popular in China.乒乓球在中國(guó)很受歡迎。看國(guó)旗寫(xiě)國(guó)家名：（U6）UKAustraliaChinaCanadaUSSound

26、time:U2:U1: j Sound time Q5ound timeAlice and【srng and dance, And drink some nice juice! Then we go to the cinema, And have a nice ice creairilU3:cakecaatcomecupdoctorMy unde has a coicf, And my cousin too! The doctor comes and sags,Put on your coats, you two!cinema danceice cream juiceniceU4:Sound

27、timeSound time C端 Rubber duck likes the rain, But he doesnht like sunny weather So when the summer sun comes ou He carries an umbrella!o ijolj Eiku wearing yellow?Yellow? Yellow? Yes!1 have yellow shoes, a ljgHow hat, And a yellow dress!year ijellaw yes you youngU6:busduck summersunimbrellaU5:Sound

28、time5ound timeIn winter, water turns to ice.And sometimes it snows.So when the winter weather comeWe always wear warm clothes!fly my skg try whyHigh, high in the sky, can see a butterfly. High, high in the sky, I wish could fly!watch water week winterwomanU7:U8:Sound timeSoundtimeWhen we visit Mr Rose, He always shows us All the fov