選修8unit1知識點(diǎn)匯總

1、I.elect選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人elect to do sth=choose/decide to do st值擇 /決定做某事elect sb to be/as選舉某人成為/擔(dān)任-職務(wù)She elected to become a lawyer.她決定當(dāng)醫(yī)生。We elected James to be chairman我們選出詹姆斯當(dāng)主席。2.occur vi.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)，被想到sth occur to sb住意或想法突然)浮現(xiàn)于腦中，被想起It occurs to sb. that 突然想起 When did the accident occur? 那事故是什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的?The

2、words of the song occurred to me suddenly.我突然想走己了 IB歌的歌詞。翻譯：我突然想到我把女朋友留在半路。It occurs to me that I left my girlfriend halfway.翻譯：It occurs to me that he owes me 5 yuan.我突然想到他欠我5元錢。某人突然想起”的多種表達(dá)sth. occurs to sb.sth. strikes sb.sth. comes to sb.It occurs to sb. that 從句It strikes sb. that 從句It crosses o

3、ne s mind及hat3.indicate vt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示 indicate sth (to sb)翻譯：a sign indicating the right road to follow 指示應(yīng)走道路的標(biāo)識11) With a nod of his head,he indicated to me where I should sit.(他向我示意)2 2) A res sky at night indicates fine weather the following day.(暗示明天天氣好)5.grasp vt.抓住，抓緊； 理解，領(lǐng)會(1)I grasped him

4、by the arm.我抓住他胳膊。(2)They failed to grasp the importance of his word .他們沒有理解他的話的重要性。n.抓住，理解 have a good/complete/profound grasp of -好/充分 /深刻的理解He has a good grasp of English grammar.他英語語法掌握的很好。Within/ beyond one s grasp為人能/不能抓至U的(2)為人能/不能理解的6.live on (1)繼續(xù)存在(2)靠生活，以-為主食。live with忍受，忍耐live up to (one

5、s ideal/promise/expection) 符合.不辜負(fù)live through 經(jīng)歷過，經(jīng)過 -之后還活著用live的相關(guān)短語填空(1)He died ten years ,but his memory lives on .(5)He lived through g both world wars.(2)He had to live on 40 pounds.(6)You will have to live with his hot temper, I am(3)We live on rice.afraid.(4)I find it difficult for me to live

6、 up to my mothers ideal.7 .by means of用-方法，借助于-by all means當(dāng)然可以，沒有問題by this means 用這種方法，by no means決不(1)Thoughts can also be expressed by means of music.(2)Can I borrow your car? By all means (3)By no means should you tell him about it.你絕不能把這件事告訴他。means手段，方法。的單復(fù)數(shù)同生, means作主語是應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的情況來確定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Ev

7、ery possible means been tried , and we find only this means can we do it well.A. have , in B. have , by C. has, in D. has, by8 .make a life習(xí)慣于新的生活方式，工作等；創(chuàng)造生活make a living (勉強(qiáng))謀生Live /lead a simple/happy life 過著簡樸/幸福的生活most people are so busy to make a living that they forget to make a life .9 .Keep

8、up (1)vi. (rain，snow，good weather)維持，堅(jiān)持，不落后；vt.沿襲(old customs/traditions)古老的風(fēng)俗 /As senior 3 students, it is important to keep up a good state of mind.(保持好的思想狀態(tài)。 )Any pupil who cannot keep up has to repeat the year.(跟上)3 .back to back 背靠背 face to face 面對面 mouth to mouth 嘴對嘴 shoulder to shoulder 并肩 he

9、art to heart 交心 head to head 交頭接耳 arm in arm 手挽手 hand in hand 手牽手(1) Our seats on the train were back to back.(背靠背的)4 .Team up with 與-合作或一起工作(1) We have to learn to team up with others if we want to get along with others.(2) Its a pleasure to team up withsuch excellent workers.和這樣出色的工人一起干活真愉快。(3) He

10、 didnt want to team up withanybody.他不想與任何人合作。(4)the two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car.那兩個(gè)公司已合作研制新型賽車。7 .mark out畫線，標(biāo)出 一界線，(a tennis court, car-park, etc網(wǎng)球場，停車場 )制定(1) In doing my reading, I often mark out what I regard as important in a book(2) The directions of rural developm

11、ent have been marked out。農(nóng)村發(fā)展的規(guī)劃已制定出來了。8 .take in1)包括，吸收The tour takes in some famous castles.我們的旅行包括些有名的城堡。This kind of cloth takes in water easily.這種布料吸水很好。欺騙Don t be taken in by his tricks.不要被他的花招蒙騙。(3)領(lǐng)會，理解Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words .翻譯句子之前

12、，首先要理解單詞的含義take off (飛機(jī))起飛，脫下，(事業(yè))興旺take for 把一誤作take on呈現(xiàn)，雇傭take up占據(jù)，從事，開始對 感興趣take over接管take away 拿走，消除(疾病等) The business of the company was growing so fast that the manager had to more clerks.A. take inB. take on C. turn downD. give out(2)(07 遼寧)Don t be by products promising to make you lose w

13、eight quickly.A. taken offB. taken out C. taken awayD. taken in9.a great/ good many 許多，很多拓展、(1) many,a great/ good many,a few,a (good/ large) number of,scores of A + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù) the majority of much, a little、a good/ great deal of,a large amount ofr+ 不可數(shù)名詞(3) a lot oflots of 21復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語a quantity of

14、- +plenty of J不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(4) Large amounts of +不可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語Quantities of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語A mass of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞|+單數(shù)謂語masses of包數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語Many a/ more than one +單數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語活學(xué)活用-用have的正確形式填空(1) A large number of students have a great amount of homework that has to be done at home, so large quantities of

15、housework have been left undone. We have English books but we don t have time to read.A. a great manyB. a good dealC. a great deal ofD. a great many of(3) food are needed. Which of the following is wrong?A. Quantities ofB. Masses of C. Large amounts ofD. Lots of10.apply for (a job /post /passport /v

16、isa /scholarship )申請工作 /職位 /護(hù)照 /簽證 /獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金拓展：apply sth to1 .涂，敷;將鋪在表面(+to)The nurse applied the ointment to the wound.護(hù)士把藥膏敷至 U傷 口上。2 .應(yīng)用；實(shí)施(+to)We should apply both theories to the language classroom.我們應(yīng)把兩種理論都運(yùn)用到語言教室中去。3 .使起作用;用上-,適合(+to)You cant apply the rule to every case這條規(guī)則并不是在每種情況下都能適用的。What you

17、 said doesnt apply to me.你所說的并不適合我。4 .(后常接oneself)使致力(于)，使專心從事(+to)He applied himself to learningFrench.他致力于學(xué)習(xí)法語。11.句子1 .California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.(1)the third largest state是序數(shù)詞修飾最高級，意為第三大形容詞或副詞的最高級前可加序數(shù)詞，表示第幾長/大/快-如：The Yellow River is the secon

18、d longest river (第二長的河) in China.He ran the third fastest (第三快) in the race.(2)當(dāng)最高級前有物主代詞，或名詞所有格時(shí)，最高級前不加定冠詞the如：Friday is my busiest day.Do you know what is river?aAfricas second longest b. The Africa second longestC.the second Africas longest d.Africas the second longest1.1 t also has the distincti

19、on of being the most multicultural state in the USA.having attracted people fromall over the world.(做結(jié)果狀語)(1)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,killing all four people on board. 機(jī)上四人受害(kill)(2)European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it one of the

20、most popular games in the world. (NMET1998全國卷)(使它是世界最受歡迎的比賽之一)(make)(3) The child fell, striking his head against the door.(頭撞在門上 )(strike)3 .Exactly when the first people arrived inwhat we know as California,(賓語從句 )no one really knows.=the place that we know as California ,(定語從句 )(1)Pay attention t

21、o what the teacher said.注意老師所說的。(what)(2)He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day他對那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快(displeased, what)(3)Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.(你做什么和怎樣做 )Eg: Geroge washington was born in is now the state of Virgina.A.where B.which C.what D.that(

22、此四項(xiàng)供下兩題用)(1)Pudong development zone is no longer rural area that it used to be.(2)Pudong development zone is no longer what it used to be4 .however it is likely that Native Americans were in California at least fifteen thousands years ago.(1)本句中it為形式主語，真正的主語從句是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。(2)likely很有可能常見搭配有：Its like

23、ly that=its possible/probable that 可能Its likely for sb to do sth 某人可能做某事Sb/sth be likely to do sth 某人/某物可能Eg: studies show that people are more to suffer back problems if they always sit before computers screens forlong hours.A. likely B.possible C.probable D.sure5.Of the first Spanish to go to Cali

24、fornia, the majority were religious men,whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religious to the natives.to go to California-(不定式做后置定語)不定式做后置定語常見用法有：(1)不定式表將來的動(dòng)作(2)修飾序數(shù)詞，the last辰高級，the only等，或被這些詞限定的名詞。(3) 修飾抽象名詞ability,chance,idea,opportunity,way reason,time , wish,decision 等(4)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

25、；不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.Eg.The train to arrive (將要來自勺火車 )was from London .(2)She was the first boy to be caught cheating (被抓住作弊 )in the exam(3)The way he thought of to soke the problem(解決這個(gè)問題 )is effective.(4)She has a 10t of work to do(有很多工作要做 )in the morning .(5)I need a pen to w

26、rite with. 我需要一支筆寫字6.Although Chinese immigrant began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period,it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger number to California in the 1860s.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：it is/was +強(qiáng)調(diào)成分 +that/who+ 其他特殊疑問式： 特殊疑問詞 +is/was it +that + 其他n

27、ot until 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：it +is/was+not until+that + 其他Eg:(1)It was last night that (就是昨天晚上)I saw a girl with long hair in white.(it)(2)How was it that (是怎樣)the pig knocked into the wall.(it)(3)It was not until we had stayed for weeks (就是我們才呆了 幾個(gè)星期)that I found that sheturned out to be a thief. (it) 7. It is believed thatIt is said thatIt is supposed thatIt is hoped thatIt is reported thatIt is suggested thatIt is believed that the thief or thieves entered the house through the front door.It is said by the Bible that Adam is the very first human being in the world.It i