語法復習二：主謂一致

1、語法復習二、主謂一致在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一 致。尋其規(guī)律，大致可歸納為三個原則，即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。(一) 語法一致原則：語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復數(shù)形式上保持一致。1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如口： His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for

2、 us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Readi ng in the sun is bad for your eyes.注意：由what引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，主句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如口： What I boughtwere three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.2、 由連接詞and或bothan連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復數(shù)

3、形式的謂語動詞。如口： Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the n ews. / Both she and he are Young Pion eers.注意：若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語動詞就應用單數(shù)形式。如口： The writer and artist has come; / 由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no, each,every more than a (an) , m

4、any a (an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Every student andevery teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.3、 主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as,rather tha n, more tha n, no less than, besides, i ncludi ng 等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式； 若主語為復數(shù)，謂語用復數(shù)形式。如：Mr Gree n, together with h

5、is wife and childre n, has cometoChina. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.4、 either, neither, each, every 或 no + 單數(shù)名詞和由 some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復合不定代 詞，都作單數(shù)看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.注意： 在口語中當either或neither后跟有

6、“ of復數(shù)名詞(或代詞)作主語時，其謂 語動詞也可用復數(shù)。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是復數(shù)，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復數(shù) 都可以。如： None of us has (have) beento America.5、 在定語從句時，關系代詞that, who, which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行 詞的數(shù)一致。如： He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one

7、 of my friends who is working hard.6、如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復數(shù)形式。這些詞有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audienee 等。如：ClassFour is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注意：people, police, cattle 等名詞一般都用作復數(shù)。如：The police are looking for the los

8、t child.7、由 “ a lot of, lots of, pienty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞構(gòu)成的短語以及由 分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the stude nts in our class are girls.注意：a number of許多”作定語修飾復數(shù)名詞，謂語用復數(shù)；the numb

9、er of的數(shù)量”主語是number，謂語用單數(shù)。8、 在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其后的主語一致。女口： There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.（二）邏輯意義一致原則：邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致（因有時主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)；有時形式為復數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)）。1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定。 如: Which is your bag

10、? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beiji ng.2、表示 時間、重量、長度、價值”等的名詞的復數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.3、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如：“The Arabian Nights is”n interesting story-book.4、 表數(shù)量的短語“ onond a half后接復數(shù)名詞作主語

11、時，其謂語動詞可用單數(shù)形式（也可用復數(shù)。如：On e a nd a half ap ples is （are） left on the table.5、 算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語動詞采用單數(shù)形式。女口： Twelveplus eight is twen ty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seve n.6、 一些學科名詞是以-cs 結(jié)尾，如： mathematics, politics, physics 以及 news, works 等，都屬于形式上是復數(shù)的名詞，實際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如： The

12、paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn etsy to study.7 trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes,等詞作主語時，謂語用復數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有 a （the） pair of 等量詞修飾時， 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。女口： My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8、定冠詞the +形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時，動詞用復數(shù)。（三）就近一致原則：在英語句子中，有時謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。1、當

13、兩個主語由 either or, neither nor, whether or ，not 連接時，but also謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。如：Either the teacher or the stude nts are our friends. / Neither theynor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?2、 there be句型be動詞單復數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語，貝U應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in

14、 the room.注意：Here引導的句子用法同上。練習：主謂一致1.1, whoyour friend, will try my best to help you with your En glish.A.amB.isC.areD.be2. The richnot always happy.A.areB.isC.hasD.have3. Neither Tom nor Jack and Ihis stude nts.A.areB.amC.isD.was4. Mary as well as her sistersChin ese in China.A. are study ingB. have

15、 studiedC. studiesD. study5. Neither my father nor Iat home.A.amB.isC.areD.be6. Not only my brother but also Igood at pain ti ng. Both of usgood pain ters.,A.are;areB.am;amC.a ni;areD.is;is7. Every boy and every girlto atte nd the evening party.A.wishB.wishesC.is likeD.like8. Over 80 perce nt of the

16、 populati on of Chinapeasa nts.A.wasB.isC. would beD.are9. The populati on of Chinalarger tha n that of .a ny other country in the world.A.isB.areC.hasD.have10. Every meanstried but without any result.A. have bee nB.is to beC.are to beD. has bee n11. Alice, together with two boys,for hav ing broke n

17、 the rule.A. was puni shedB. puni shedC. were puni shed D. being puni shed12. The League secretary and the monitorasked to atte nd the .meet ing this after noon.A.isB.wasC.areD.is being13. The great writer and professor.A. is an old manB. are both old menC. is an old man and a young manD. were two C

18、hin ese14. Therea pen, two pen cils and three books on the desk.A.areB.isC.hasD.have15. A large nu mber of stude nts in our classgirls.A. areB. wasC. isD. be16. The nu mber of deer, mountain lio ns and wild rosesmuch if people leave things as they are.A. does n t cha ngeB.do nt cha ngeC.cha ngeD.cha

19、 nged17. The Arabia n Nightswell known to the En glish.A. isB. areC. wasD. were18. Chairma n Mao s workspublished.A. has bee nB.have bee nC.wasD.is19. A chemical worksbuilt there.A. is to beingB.have bee nC. were toD.has bee n20. The Olympic Gamesheld everyyears.A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;fiv

20、e21 .The Un ited States of Americaone of the most developed coun tries in theworld.A.isB.areC.wasD.were22. He is the only one of die stude nts whoelected.A. areB.haveC.hasD.is23. Theis is one of the most i nteresti ng questi ons thatasked.A.haveB.hasC. have bee nD.has bee n24. Ma ny a mancome to hel

21、p us.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are25. Allprese nt and allgoing on well, our mon itor said.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are26. The policethe murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is search ing forB. were search ing forC. are searchi ng forD. were search ing27. Your trousersdirty.You mu

22、st havewashed.A.is;ilB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them28. This pair of trouseistoo long for him.A.isB.beC.areD.were29. One and a half bananasleft on the table.A.isB.areC.hasD.have30. Eight times eightsixty - four.A.isB.areC.getD.equal31 .Te n minutesan hour whe n one is wait ing for a phone call.A.seemsB.

23、seemC.seemedD.seemes32. of the moneynm out.A. Three-fifth; hasB. Three-fifth; has bee nC. Three-fifths; hasD. Three-fifths; have33. The whole classthe teacher atte ntively.A. are liste ning toB. is liste ning toC.are liste ningD. is liste ning34.1 have fini shed a large part of the book, the rest of

24、 whichmore difficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.were35. Betwee n the two rows of treesthe teach ing buildi ng.A.sta ndB.sta ndsC. sta ndingD.are36. Large qua ntities of waterfor irrigati on.A. is n eededB. has -n eededC. are n eededD. n eed37. That they were wrong in these mattersnow clear to us all.A. isB.was

25、C.areD.all38. What we needgood textbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.has39. What you said just nowthe matter we are discuss ing.A.have someth ing to atB. has someth ing to do withC.had someth ing to do withD.has bee n someth ing to do with40. More tha n one memberaga inst the pla n.A. isB.areC.hasD.have41. Whe

26、n and where to build the new factoryyet.A. has not decidedB. is not decidedC. are not decidedD. have not decided42. Half of the fruit bad.A. areB. hasC. isD. have43. either of your pare nts come to see you recen tly?A. HaveB. HadC. HasD. Is44. Mathematicsthe Ian guage of scie nee.A. areB. are going

27、to be C. isD. is to be45. My familysmall.A. isB. wereC. areD. makes46. The follow ingsome other examples.A. areB. isC. wasD. were47. They both have some frien ds; but hismore active.A. isB. will beC. wasD. are48. Both rice and wheatgrow n in that coun try.A. isB. areC. wasD. has49. Early to bed and early to risea good habit.A. areB. isC. wereD. was50. To play basketball and to go swimmi nguseful for character-tra ining.A. wasB. isC. areD. were51. Either he or Ito atte nd the mass meeti