過去分詞作表語和定語是非謂語動詞重要內(nèi)容

1、過去分詞作表語和定語是非謂語動詞重要內(nèi)容之一，也是高考重要考點，學(xué)習(xí)時應(yīng)注意 下列幾點：一、理清過去分詞作表語和定語的最基本特點過去分詞作表語和定語常常表示被動的和完成的動作。He used to belo ng to the exploited class.過去他屬于被剝削階級。The polluted river gives off a terrible smell.這條被污染的河發(fā)出臭味。典型考例：1. Don't use words, expressi ons, or phrases only to people withspecific kno wledge.A. being

2、 knownB. hav ing bee n knownC. to be knownD. known |析：D。此處并不是強調(diào)進行的、完成的或?qū)淼膭幼?，因此?yīng)填過去分詞known 作定語。2. The first textbooks for teachi ng En glish as a foreig n Ian guage cameout in the 16th cen tury.A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written析：D。第一批課本是被與的，所以應(yīng)填過去分詞written作疋語，表示元成的、被動的動作

3、。值得注意的是，有些過去分詞（詞組）因來自系表結(jié)構(gòu)而不含被動色彩，如dressedlike, dressed in, satisfied with, devoted to, tired of, born in, seated, pleased with, interested in, surprised at, prepared for, lost /absorbed in 等。例如：Do you kn ow the man seated on that stone?你認(rèn)識坐在那塊石頭上的那個人1. The pilot asked all the passe ngers on board to

4、 rema in as the pla newas making a landing.A. seat B. seati ng C. seated D. to be seat ing析：C o remain seated 為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，不具有被動色彩。一些表示情緒、情感的過去分詞作表語和定語時也不具備被動色彩。例如：He felt puzzled at what she said.聽到她的話他感到很迷惑。The excited people fin ally cooled dow n.激動的人們終于冷靜了下來。典型考例：2. -I'm verywith my own cook in g.

5、It looks nice and smells delicious.-Mm. It does have asmell.A. pleasa nt; pleasedB. pleased; pleasedC. pleasa nt; pleasa ntD. pleased; pleasa nt析：D。第一空應(yīng)填pleased，表滿意的情緒；第二空應(yīng)填pleasant，表令人愉快的。二、掌握過去分詞作表語和定語的創(chuàng)新形式1. get done 也可構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，相當(dāng)于 be done。例如：His right hand got burnt in that big fire.他的右手在那場大火中被燒傷。

6、She got murdered last year. 去年她被謀殺了。典型考例：1. -How are the team play ing?-They're play ing well, but one of themhurt.A. got B. gets C. are D. were析：A。語境邏輯提示該空表過去被弄傷。2. As we joined the big crowd I gotfrom my frie nds.A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed析：A。分析語境邏輯和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空表示"被分離"，詞組g

7、etseparated.from 表示"與分開"。3. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you mayrunover by a car.A. have B. get C. become D. tur n析：B。語境邏輯制約該空表示被小汽車碾過去，應(yīng)填get o2. 過去分詞作非限制性定語。過去分詞可作非限制性定語，因其不屬于被修飾名詞不可缺少的定語，前面常有逗號與被修飾名詞隔開。典型考例：1. Mr. Smith,of thespeech, started to read a no vel.A

8、. tired; bori ng B. tiri ng; bored C. tired; bored D. tiri ng; bori ng析：Ao第一空應(yīng)填tired ,來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)be tired of ;第二空表令人感到枯燥的， 應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞boring。2. The Olympic Games,in 776 B.C., did n ot in clude wome n playersun til 1912.A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing析：Co分析語境邏輯不難發(fā)

9、現(xiàn)，該空表"公元前776年第一次被舉行"，應(yīng)填過去分詞first played作非限制性定語。三、弄清過去分詞作表語和定語的位置單個過去分詞作定語常放在被修飾的名詞前邊，過去分詞短語作定語應(yīng)放在被修飾的名詞后邊。過去分詞作表語時，應(yīng)放在連系動詞后面，但有時過去分詞和連系動詞之 間有副詞隔開。例如：This is the wou nded soldier.這就是那個受傷的戰(zhàn)士。This is the soldier wou nded in the battle.這就是在戰(zhàn)場上受傷的戰(zhàn)士。En glish is widely used all over the world.英語

10、在全世界得到廣泛使用。This package was properly marked with the n ame and date. 這個包裹被適當(dāng)?shù)貥?biāo) 明了名字和日期。典型考例：1. Most of the artiststo the party were from South Africa.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited析：A。分析語境邏輯可知，該空表"被邀請"，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞短語invited to the party作后置定語。2. Prices of daily goo

11、ds through a computer can be lower tha n storeprices.A. are bought B. bought C. bee n bought D. buying析：B。分析語境邏輯可知，該空表"通過電腦購買"，goods與buy之間是被動關(guān) 系，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞短語bought through a computer作后置定語。過去分詞作表語和定語練與析：1.1 don't know the girlin the snow storm.A. to catch B. caught C. catchi ng D. to be c

12、atchi ng2. The girldow n by a car was dying.A. knock B. knocking C. kno cked D. to knock3. The foreig n guests,by some artists, came out of the hall.A. following B. to follow C. followed D. to be followed4. This is the problemso quickly last eve ning.A. hav ing bee n settled B. settle C. be settled

13、D. settled5. There was anlook on his face whe n the actress appeared.A. excited B. excite C. exciting D. excitement6. The childre nat the hospital yesterday were seriously ill.A. to exam ine B. exam ined C. exam ine D. exam ining7. He was disappo in ted at his suggesti onsby them yesterday.A. bee n

14、tur ned dow n B. tur ned dow n C. to be tur ned dow n D. to tur n dow n8. This is the packagelast ni ght.A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed9. Isla nd is a small piece of landby water.A. surro un ded B. surro unding C. to be surro un ded D. being surro un ded10. The man agers will

15、aga in discuss the pla nlast week.A. carried out B. carry ing out C. carry out D. to carry out11. After the heavy rain, many cars gotin the mud.A. catch B. catchi ng C. caught D. being caught12. What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got.A. kill B. killing C. killed D. to be kill

16、ed13. Whe n I went in, they werein a heated discussi on.A. absorb B. absorbed C. absorb ing D. being absorbed14. The thief seemsin that cave. Let's go and see.A. hidde n B. hide C. hidi ng D. to hide答案與解析：1. B。小女孩被困在暴風(fēng)雪中，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。2. C。小女孩是被小汽車撞倒的，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。3. C。外賓被藝術(shù)家跟隨著，應(yīng)使用過去分詞作后置定語，該句

17、可改成：Some artists ,following the foreign guests ，came out of the hall.4. D。"問題"是"被解決的"，句末的時間狀語決定了此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。5. A。激動的表情應(yīng)為excited look，一些短語中過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的使用是約定俗成的，應(yīng)加以記憶，如：worried look （憂慮的表情），a puzzled girl（迷惑的女孩），trembl ing voice / lips（ 顫抖的嗓音 / 嘴唇）,shaki ng han ds（顫抖的雙手）,gen erally speaking（ 一般說來）,judging from / by（根據(jù)判斷）等等。6. B。"孩子們"與"檢查"之間是被動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語，7. B。"建議"是"被拒絕"的，應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。8. D。"包裹"是"被稱&qu