2018年考博英語翻譯練習(xí)及參考【三篇】

1、2018 年考博英語翻譯練習(xí)及參考【三篇】導(dǎo)讀： 本文 2018 年考博英語翻譯練習(xí)及參考【三篇】，僅供參考，如果覺得很不錯(cuò)，歡迎點(diǎn)評和分享?！镜谝黄航】档臉酚^主義】大多數(shù)人愿意把樂觀定義為無盡的歡樂，就像一只總是裝著半杯水的杯子。但那是一種絕不會為積極心理學(xué)家所推薦的虛假快樂。哈佛大學(xué)的Tal Ben-Shahar 教授說，“健康的樂觀主義， 意味著要處于現(xiàn)實(shí)之中。 ”在 Ben-Shahar 看來，現(xiàn)實(shí)的樂觀主義者，會盡努力做好一件事，而不是相信每件事都會有的結(jié)果。Ben-Shahar 會進(jìn)行三種樂觀方面的練習(xí)。比如說， 當(dāng)他進(jìn)行了一次糟糕的演講，感到心情郁悶的時(shí)候，他會告訴自己這是人之

2、常情。他會提醒自己：并不是每一次演講都可以獲得諾貝爾獲，總會有一些演講比其它演講效果差。接著是重塑，他分析了這個(gè)效果不好的演講，并且從那些起作用和不起作用的演講中吸取教訓(xùn)為將來做準(zhǔn)備。最后，需要有這樣一種觀點(diǎn)，那就是承認(rèn)，在廣闊的生命當(dāng)中，一次演講根本算不上什么。參考譯文Most people woulddefine optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that s perpetually half fall. But that sexactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psycho

3、logists wouldn t recommend“ Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.”Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of thingsthat happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. Ben-Shalar uses three optimi

4、stic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the futur

5、e about what works and what doesn t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn ' t matter.【第二篇：希望工程】 Project Hope is a public good project launched in1989, the goal of which is to help young dropouts inpoverty-stricken

6、 areas. The two major tasks ofProject Hope are to help build Hope Primary Schoolsand fund the poor students. China is still adeveloping country, thus shortage of education fundin poverty-stricken areas is still a severe problem. Because of poverty, more than30 millionchildren between the ages of 6-1

7、4 are unable to attend school or are forced to drop out. Theimplement of Project Hope changes the fate of a large number of dropouts and improves theschool faculties in poverty-stricken areas. The development of basic education is thus greatlyenhanced and the fine tradition of taking pleasure in hel

8、ping others isalso promoted. 參考翻譯: 希望工程(Project Hope) 是于1989 年發(fā)起的一項(xiàng)公益事業(yè)，以救助貧困地區(qū)失學(xué)兒童(youngdropouts) 為目的。幫助建設(shè)希望小學(xué)與資助貧困學(xué)生是希望工程實(shí)施的兩大主要任務(wù)。中國仍然是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家，貧困地區(qū)缺乏教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的問題依舊嚴(yán)峻。有超過3000 萬 6 14 歲的少年兒童因貧困而不能上學(xué)或者被迫輟學(xué)。希望工程的實(shí)施，改變了一大批失學(xué)兒童的命運(yùn)， 改善了貧困地區(qū)的學(xué)校設(shè)施，極大地促進(jìn)了基礎(chǔ)教育的發(fā)展，弘揚(yáng)了助人為樂的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)。1.第一句中的“198年發(fā)起”可 9表達(dá)為過去分詞形式(launched

9、in 1989) ， 作后置定語; “以救助貧困地 區(qū) 失 學(xué)兒 童 為 目的 ”可 譯為 非限 制性 定 語 從句 ， 對 核心 詞 ProjectHope 進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，即為the goal of which 。2. “幫助建設(shè)希望小學(xué)與資助貧困學(xué)生是希望工程實(shí)施的兩大主要任務(wù)”一句可將“主要任務(wù)”作句子主語，避免英語句子頭重腳輕。3. “中國仍然是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家，貧困地區(qū)缺乏教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的問題依舊嚴(yán)峻”， 前后兩句的關(guān)系可理解為因果關(guān)系，故翻譯時(shí)加上表結(jié)果的連詞 thus ，使句子更加連貫，符合英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣。4. “有超過3000萬被迫輟學(xué)” 一句中的“因貧困”because of-pove

10、rty于句首，避免英語句子頭重腳輕; “上學(xué)”可譯為 attend school 。5.最后一句漢語句子的主語“希望工程的實(shí)施”后跟了 4個(gè)并列謂語，如果對應(yīng)譯為4 個(gè)并列的謂語會顯得突兀，不太連貫，可將后2 個(gè)謂語譯為被動語態(tài)，獨(dú)立成句，以增加句型的多樣性; “助人為樂”可譯為 takingpleasure in helping others 。 【第三篇：家庭結(jié)構(gòu)變遷】With the implementation of the family planningpolicy and the change of the concept of family, the size and struc

11、ture of traditional Chinese families have undergone evident changes. One is that the number of one-child families increases, resulting in a gradual decrease in the average number of family members. Another is the miniaturization trend of the family structure, which leads to the traditional extended

12、family being replaced by nuclear family. Changes in size and structure of households contribute to simple family relationship and increasing mutual dependence of family members. However, the changes also exert negative influences, such as a surge in the speed of population aging and the increasing n

13、umber of the empty-nest families. 參考翻譯:隨著計(jì)劃生育政策(the family planning policy) 的推行和家庭觀念的改變， 中國傳統(tǒng)的家庭規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了明顯變化。一是獨(dú)生子女家庭增多，家庭平均人口逐漸下降。二是家庭結(jié)構(gòu)呈現(xiàn)出小型化 (miniaturization) 趨勢，傳統(tǒng)的大家庭逐漸被核心家庭取代。家庭規(guī)模與結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，使家庭中的人際關(guān)系變得簡單，成員之間的相互依賴性日益增強(qiáng)。但是， 家庭規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)的變化也帶來了一些負(fù)面影響，如中國的人口老齡化速度急劇上升，空巢家庭(empty-nest family)增加等。1.第一句中的“隨著計(jì)

14、劃生育一和家庭觀念的改變”可譯成 with 引導(dǎo)的介詞短語?！爸袊鴤鹘y(tǒng)的家庭規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了明 顯變化”則處理為句子主干。 2.第二句中的“一是獨(dú)生子女家庭增 多 ” 譯 作 One is that the number of one-child families increases, “家庭平均人口逐漸下降”可采用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，增譯“導(dǎo)致”，譯作 resulting in a gradual decrease in the average number of family members 。3.第三句中的“二是家庭結(jié)構(gòu)呈現(xiàn)出小型化趨勢”處理成主干， “傳統(tǒng)的大家庭逐漸被核心家庭取代”可處理成 whic