高中英語直接引語和間接引語用法講解

1、高中英語直接引語和間接引語用法講解一、概述 引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人說的話時有兩種方法：直接引述別人的原話，這叫做直接引語（direct speech。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語 （indirect speech。一般地 講，直接引語前后要加引號，間接引語不用引號，而用賓語從句來表達(dá)。Mr. Black said, “I'm busy布菜克先生說：我很忙”（直接引語）Mr. Black said that he was busy布菜克先生說他很忙。（賓語從句是間接引語） 從上例看來，直接引語改為間接引語時 ,除將直接引語改為賓語從句之外，還須 對直接引語中的人稱和時態(tài)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化，如上

2、例直接引語中的 I 改成了 he, am則改成了 wa&現(xiàn)將由直接引語改為間接引語時應(yīng)注意的問題，分述如下：二、直接引語是陳述句時 直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，用連詞 that引導(dǎo)（that在口語中常省 去），that從句之前用say、tell等動詞，從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間 狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。1、人稱的變化直接引語改為間接引語人稱要相應(yīng)的變化，把直接引語中的第一人稱（如: I, me,my， mine，we，us, our，ours）變?yōu)榕c主句的主語相一致的人稱。把直接引語中 的第二人稱（you， your，yours）變?yōu)楹椭骶涞拈g接賓語（即聽話人

3、，如無聽話人， 可根據(jù)上下文的體會人為確定一個人稱）相一致的人稱。直接引語中的第三人稱（he, him， his，she, her, hers,it, its,they,their，theirs，them）變?yōu)殚g接弓I語時， 人稱不變。He said , lik“eIit very much. ”他說：“我非常喜歡它”。He saidthat he liked it very much.他說他非常喜歡它。（I 改為 he, it不變） He said, “ Wd me this story. 他說：你給我講過這個故事。”He said that I had told him that stor

4、y.他說我給他講過那個故事。（You 改為 I, me 改為 him, told 改為 had told）He said to me,Sftenes book in your room”他對我說：她把書放在你的房間里去了。”He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他對我說她把書放在我的房間里 去了。（She' sshe had her不變，yourmy）2、時態(tài)的變化 （1）主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時如主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，直接引語變間接引語時，從句的謂語動詞在時 態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語改為間接引語時 ,動詞時態(tài)

5、相應(yīng)變化表：He said, “I usuwalalytch TV on Sunday. ”他說： “我常在星期天看電視”。He saidthat he usually watched TV on Su nday他 說他常在星期天看電視。He said, “I'm usthinegknife. 他說”： “我正在用小刀。 ”He said that hewas using the knife 他說他正在用小刀。She said, “have n ot heard from him si nee May.她說： 自從五月份來我就沒有收到他的來信。”She said that shehad

6、 not heard from him since May. 她說自從五月份以來她就沒收到他的來信。He said,“Came to help you.他說： 我來幫助你。He said thathe had come to help me他 說他來幫助我。He said, “had finished my homework before supper.他說：晚飯前我己做完了作業(yè)?！盚e said that he had fini shed his homework before supper 他說晚飯前他己做完了 作業(yè)。Zhou Lan said,“門t doter class.周蘭說：下課

7、后我就去做。”Zhou Lan said that shewould do it after class 周蘭說下課后她就去做。He said, shill be doing my homework then.他說： 那時我將正在做作業(yè)。” He said that heshould be doi ng his homework then他 說那時他將正在做作業(yè)。 He said,Mhadl have finished the work by that time.他說：”我們將在那時以前完成工作?！盚e said that theyshould have fini shed the work

8、by that time.他 說他們將在那時以 前完成工作。注意：直接引語如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個具體的過去時間連用說明客 觀事實(shí)時，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。The teacher said, “ This eauthd.老師說：地球是圓的?！盩he teachersaid that the earth is rounc老師說地球是圓的。He said, was born in Shangdong in 1965.他說”我 1965 年生于山東?！?He said that hewas born in Shangdong in 1965.他說他 1965 年生于山東。He said,

9、 “ ColumbudiscoveredAmerica in 1492.他說： 哥倫布在 1492 年發(fā)現(xiàn)了 美洲?！盚e said Columbus discovered America in 1492他說哥倫布在 1492 年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美 洲。(2)主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r如果主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一律不變He says, finihed the work.他說： 我做完工作了。”He says that he fin ished the work.他說他做完工作了。He will say, have wateredthe flowers.他會說：我

10、己經(jīng)澆花了。 ”He will say he has watered the flowers.他會說他己經(jīng)澆花了。3、指示代詞、時間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語的相應(yīng)變化見下表：間接引語直接引語指示代詞this/thesenowtoday時間狀語toni ghtthis week (month )that/those the n that day that ni ghtyesterdaylast week (month )two weeks (mon th)agothat week (month ) the day beforethe week (month )before two weeks (mon t

11、hs)beforetomorrowthe n ext daynext week (month )the next week (month )-地點(diǎn)狀語herethere動詞comegobringtakeHe said,“1 met Mr. Srttiihs morning.他說我今天早晨見到史密斯了He said that he had met Mr. Smiththat morni ng.他說他那天早晨見到史密斯了。 He said, W“went to the cinemayesterday ” 他說： 我們昨天去電影院了。 ” He said they had gone to the c

12、i nemihe day before 他說前一天他們?nèi)ル娪霸?了。Lily said, I will'Come back next month. ” 莉莉說： 我下個月回來。”Lily said that she would go backthe next month 莉莉說她下一個月就回去。He said,“It is nine o'clnckw '他說： 現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)了?！盚e said that it was nine o'clockthen.他說那時九點(diǎn)了。He said, I have n't seen heitoday.'他說：今天我沒

13、見到她?！盚e said that he hadn't seen hehfat day .他說那天他沒有見到她。She said,“I wentetyesterday.她說： 昨天我去了那兒。”She said that she had gone therthe day before 她說前一天她去了那兒。She said, “門I go thereorrow.'她說：明天我將去那兒?！盨he said that she would go therehe next day 她說第二天她將去那兒。He said, “ My sister wase three daysago 他說

14、： 三天前我妹妹在這兒?！?He said that his sister had beethere three daysbefore.他說三天前他妹妹在那 丿兒。（here thereago before）She said,“I <wiHn ehere this eve ning.她說： 今晚我將來這兒。”She said that she wouldjo there that evening.她說那晚她將去那兒。（comego; here there this that以上這些變化，要根據(jù)說話的具體時間和具體地點(diǎn)的情況而定，不可機(jī)械照搬。 如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here就不必改為ther

15、e, come也不必改為go如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn) 述，yesterday或tomorrow等時間狀語也不必改變。直接引語中的一般過去時如 與一個具體的過去時間狀語連用，間接引語的一般過去時時態(tài)不變。Father said, I am“free this afternoon”父親說： 我今天下午有空?！盕ather said that he was freehis afternoon 父親說他今天下午有空。He said“I am goinhere tomorrow.'他說 我明天去那里。 ”He said that he was goin gthere tomorrow. 他說他明天去那里。

16、巧記:去掉引號加that，人稱變化要靈活，時態(tài)向后退一步，狀語變化按規(guī)定。三、直接引語是疑問句時直接引語如為疑問句，改為間接引語時，須將疑問句的語序改為陳述句的語序。 其人稱、時態(tài)等相應(yīng)的變化同上。巧記：if（或whether）替引號，陳述語序要記牢。時態(tài)、人稱和狀語要變化，千 萬別把它忘掉。1、直接引語是一般問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，須用連接詞whether或if將其引出，使其成為間接引語的賓語 從句。如果主句中的謂語動詞為 said,則將其改為asked如果謂語動詞后沒有 間接賓語，可以加上一個間接賓語 me, him, her, them, us等。She said, “your father

17、 an en gi neer?她說： 你父親是工程師嗎？”Sheasked me whether my father was an engineer她問我說我父親是否是工程 師。The teachersaid to Li Mi ng, Have you fini shed your homework?老師對李明說：你做完作業(yè)了嗎？”The teacherasked Li Ming whether he had finished his homework.老師問李明是 否已做完作業(yè)了。2、直接引語是特殊問句如果直接引語為特殊疑問句，改為間接引語時，仍用特殊疑問句中的疑問詞what, where,

18、 whe n, who, how ma ny作為連接詞將其引出，構(gòu)成間接引語中的賓語從句， 但須將疑問式的動詞改為陳述式。如果主句中的謂語動詞為said,則將其改為askec。巧記：直接去引號，陳述語序莫忘掉。助動do(does) did,要去掉。What do you doevery Sun day morning? my'frie nd said to me 我的朋友問我說，每星期天上午你做什么？My friend asked me what I did every Sun day morning.我的朋友問我每星期天 上午我做什么。Where have you been Li M

19、ing? th” teacherasked.老師問道： 你上哪里去了， 李明?fThe teacherasked Li Mi ng where he had bee n 老師問李明曾去過哪兒。I asked her, How many English books will yoiread next term? 我'問她說： 下學(xué) 期你將讀多少本英語書？ ”I asked herhow many English books she would reathe n ext term.我 問她下學(xué) 期將讀多少本英文書。When did you get up this morning? aske

20、fmy father我父親問道：今天早晨你什么時候起床的?fMy father asked mewhen I had got up that morning.我父親問我那天早晨我是 什么時候起床的。注意： 直接引語里是： What's wrong with?/What'sthe matter? /What's thetrouble?/What has happened等特殊疑問句時，間接引語的語序不變。He said to her What' s the matter with you他問她f 你怎么了？ ” He asked herwhat was the m

21、atter with her 他問她怎么了。四、直接引語是祈使句巧記：去掉引號要加to； ask, order須記住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前 部。轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時，要使祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)句子的意思加上tell、ask、order等動詞，如果祈使句為否定式，在不定式 的前面加not。如果祈使句中有please一詞，改為間接引語時，就將please去掉。 成為：told (asked, ordered, warned)someone (not)to do somethin結(jié)構(gòu)。He said, Sit down, pleasef 他說： 請坐?！盚e a

22、sked me to sit down 他讓我坐下。The teachersaid, Don' t talkn class! 老師說： 上課不要講話！ ”The teachertold us not to talkin class!老師要我們上課不要講話。The capta in said to his men, Fire! ”上尉對他的士兵們說 開火！ ”The cap tai nordered his men to fire 上尉命令他的士兵們開火！The policeman said to the children,Don't play“football in the m

23、iddle of the street. 警察對孩子們說：別在馬路中間踢足球?！盩he policema n warned the children not to playfootball in the middle of the street. 警察警告孩子們不要在馬路中間踢足球。五、點(diǎn)擊考點(diǎn)I改錯：1. He said that he is going to London.2. Tom said they had fini shed the job yesterday.3.She asked me don ' t smoke in the room.4. They asked th

24、at he was there.5.1 asked you where was he going.6. The teacher told us not talk any more.7. The doctor said to his wife, Not wait for me.8. He asked me who I am.9. Mary said that she would see you tomorrow.10. Mother asked what the matter was.11. 將下列句子改為間接引語1. “Where will you go tomorrow? others Me

25、d me.2. The old woma n said to me,“ Please lock the door for me.”3. The boy told his teacher,“ We went to an exhibiti on yesterday.”4. He said,I'll go to the statio n to see off a frie nd of mi ne this after noon.5. “ Hello,how are you? ” , heneaid to6. Tom said to me an grily,“ Why don' t you tell me you have bee n here for twoweeks?r7. Joh n said to Mary,“ Do you remember I borrowed a diam ond n ecklace from you?8. The teacher said to Li Mi ng,“ Don' t make the same mistake aga in.”9. “Are you leaving today or tomorrow?” , I asked her.10. The nurse said to