2019年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題及參考答案(第一套)

1、2019年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題解析及參考答案PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourcampusnewspaperonavolunteeractivityorganizedbyyourStudentUniontoassistelderlypeopleintheneighborhoodYoushouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.【參考范文】OnJune14,Friday,avolunteeract

2、ivitywheremanystudentstookanactivepartinvisitingthelocalNursingHousewasorganizedbytheStudentUnionanditturnsouttobeabigsuccess.TheactivitywasaimedatencouragingstudentstovisittheelderlyattheNursingHouseandhelpelderlypeopledealwiththeirtroublesbothphysicalandpsychological.Manystudentsvolunteeredtoparti

3、cipateinthisgooddeedandwereengagedinhelpingtheelderlyhereoutbymakingtheirmeals,washingtheirclothesandchattingwiththem.Whenaskedaboutthosevolunteers'feelingsaboutsuchanexperience,allofthemrespondedwithasmile,saying“whatawonderfulpracticeandIreallyappreciatethisexperience,foritmakesmelearntocaremo

4、reforothersinneed.”Allinall,theactivityturnsouttobeasuccessnotonlyforthevisitedelderlybutforthosestudentsinvolved.【參考范文譯文】6月14日，星期五，學(xué)生會(huì)組織了一個(gè)參觀當(dāng)?shù)鼐蠢显旱闹驹富顒?dòng)，許多學(xué)生都積極參與其中，該活動(dòng)取得了巨大的成功。此次志愿活動(dòng)旨在拜訪當(dāng)?shù)鼐蠢显旱睦先藗儾?duì)他們各個(gè)方面的困難提供幫助。許多學(xué)生主動(dòng)加入到此次善舉當(dāng)中，幫老人們洗衣做飯、談心解悶，竭盡所能提供幫助。問(wèn)及參與此次活動(dòng)的感想時(shí)，他們毫無(wú)例外地回道“真是太有意義了，很感謝這次經(jīng)歷，它讓我懂得要去更加關(guān)

5、愛(ài)那些有困難的人”總而言之，此次活動(dòng)取得了巨大成功，不僅僅對(duì)那些老人來(lái)說(shuō)受益多多，對(duì)丁參與的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)也是意義良多。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionAThecenterofAmericanautomobileinnovationhasinthepastdecademoved2,000milesaway.Ithas26fromDetroittoSiliconValley,whereself-drivingvehiclesarecomingintolife.Ina27totakeproductionbacktoDetroit,Michigan

6、lawmakershaveintroduced28thatcouldmaketheirstatethebestplaceinthecountry,ifnottheworld,todevelopself-drivingvehiclesandputthemontheroad.Se“Michigan29sinautoresearchanddevelopmentisunderattackfromseveralstatesandcountrieswhichdesireto30ourleadershipintransportation.Wecan,'”tleahaSpeatorMikKowall,

7、thelead31offourbillsrecentlyintroduced.Ifallfourbillspassaswritten,theywoulds32asubstantialupdateofMichigan's2013lawthatthetestingofself-drivingvehiclesinlimitedconditions.Manufacturerwouldhavenearlytotalfreedomtotesttheirself-drivingtechnologyonpublicroads.Theywouldbeallowedtosendgroupsofself-d

8、rivingcarsoncross-stateroadtrips,andevenseton-demand3ofself-drivingcars,liketheoneGeneralMotorsandLyftarebuilding.LawmakersinMichiganclearlywanttomakethestatereadyforthecommercialapplicationofself-drivingtechnology.In34,California,homeofSiliconValley,recentlyproposedfarmore35rulesthatwouldrequirehum

9、andriversbereadytotakethewheel,andcommercialuseofself-drivingtechnology.A) bidB)contrastC)deputyD)dominanceE)fleetsF)knotsG)legislationI)replaceJ)representk)restrictiveL)rewardM)significantN)sponsorO)transmitted【參考答案】26-30HAGDI31-35NJEBKSectionBHowWorkWillChangeWhenMostofUsLiveto100A. TodayintheUnit

10、edStatesthereare72,000centenarians(白歲老人).Worldwide,Probably450,000.Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,thenby2050therewillbemorethanamillionintheUSalone.AccordingtotheworkofProfessorJamesVaupelandhisco-researchers,50%ofbabiesbornintheUSin2007havealifeexpectancyof104ormore.BroadlythesameholdsfortheUK,Germany,Fra

11、nce,ItalyandCanada,andforJapan50%of2007babiescanexpecttoliveto107.B. Understandably,thereareconcernsaboutwhatthismeansforpublicfinancesgiventheassociatedhealthandpensionchallenges.Thesechallengesarereal,andsocietyurgentlyneedstoaddressthem.Butitisalsoimportanttolookatthewiderpictureofwhathappenswhen

12、somanypeoplelivefor100years.Itisamistaketosimplyequatelongevity(長(zhǎng)壽)withissuesofoldage.Longerliveshaveimplicationsforalloflife,notjusttheendofit.C. Ourviewisthatifmanypeoplearelivingforlonger,andarehealthierforlonger,thenthiswillresultinaninevitableredesignofworkandlife.Whenpeoplelivelonger,theyareno

13、tonlyolderforlonger,butalsoyoungerforlonger.Thereissometruthinthesayingthat70isthenew60”or40thenew30.”Ifyouagemoreslowlyoveralongertimeperiod,thenyouareinsomesenseyoungerforlonger.D. Butthechangesgofurtherthanthat.Take,forinstance,theageatwhichpeoplemakecommitmentssuchasbuyingahouse,gettingmarried,h

14、avingchildren,orstartingacareer.Theseareallfundamentalcommitmentsthatarenowoccurringlaterinlife.In1962,50%ofAmericansweremarriedbyage21.By2014,thatmilestone(里程碑)hadshiftedtoage29.E. Whiletherearenumerousfactorsbehindtheseshifts,onefactorissurelyagrowingrealizationfortheyoungthattheyaregoingtolivelon

15、ger.Optionsaremorevaluablethelongertheycanbeheld.Soifyoubelieveyouwilllivelonger,thenoptionsbecomemorevaluable,andearlycommitmentbecomeslessattractive.Theresultisthatthecommitmentsthatpreviouslycharacterizedthebeginningofadulthoodarenowbeingdelayed,andnewpatternsofbehaviorandanewstageoflifeareemergi

16、ngforthoseintheirtwenties.F. Longevityalsopushesbacktheageofretirement,andnotonlyforfinancialreasons.Yes,unlesspeoplearepreparedtosavealotmore,ourcalculationssuggestthatifyouarenowinyourmid-40s,thenyouarelikelytoworkuntilyourearly70s;andifyouareinyourearly20s,thereisarealchanceyouwillneedtoworkuntil

17、yourlate70sorpossiblyevenintoyour80s.Butevenifpeopleareabletoeconomicallysupportaretirementat65,overthirtyyearsofpotentialinactivityisharmfultocognitive(認(rèn)知的)andemotionalvitality.Manypeoplemaysimplynotwanttodoit.G. Andyetthatdoesnotmeanthatsimplyextendingourcareersisappealing.Justlengtheningthatsecon

18、dstageoffull-timeworkmaysecurethefinancialassetsneededfora100-yearlife,butsuchpersistentworkwillinevitablyexhaustpreciousintangibleassetssuchasproductiveskills,vitality,happiness,andfriendship.H. Thesameistrueforeducation.Itisimpossiblethatasingleshotofeducation,administeredinchildhoodandearlyadulth

19、ood,willbeabletosupportasustained,60-yearcareer.Ifyoufactorintheprojectedratesoftechnologicalchange,eitheryourskillswillbecomeunnecessary,oryourindustryoutdated.Thatmeansthateveryonewill,atsomepointintheirlife,havetomakeanumberofmajorreinvestmentsintheirskills.A.Itseemslikely,then,thatthetraditional

20、three-stagelifewillevolveintomultiplestagescontainingtwo,three,orovenmoredifferentcareers.Eachofthesestagescouldpotentiallybedifferent.Inonethefocuscouldbeonbuildingfinancialsuccessandpersonalachievement,inanotheroncreatingabetterwork/lifebalance,stillanotheronexploringandunderstandingoptionsmoreful

21、ly,orbecominganindependentproducer,yetanotheronmakingasocialContribution.Thesestageswillspansectors,takepeopletodifferentcities,andprovideFoundationforbuildingawidevarietyofskills.J)Transitionsbetweenstagescouldbemarkedwithsabbaticals(休彳段)aspeoplefindtimrestandrechargetheirhealth,re-investintheirrel

22、ationships,orimprovetheirskills.Attimes,thesebreaksandtransitionswillbeself-determined,atotherstheywillbeforcedasexistingroles,firms,orindustriesceasetoexist.K)Amulti-stagelifewillhaveprofoundchangesnotjustinhowyoumanageyourcareer,butalsoinyourapproachtolife.Anincreasinglyimportantskillwillbeyourabi

23、litytodealwithchangeandevenwelcomeit.Athree-stagelifehasfewtransitions,whileamulti-stagelifehasmany.Thatiswhybeingself-aware,investinginbroadernetworksoffriends,andbeingopentonewideaswillbecomeevenmorecrucialskills.L) Thesemulti-stageliveswillcreateextraordinaryvarietyacrossgroupsofpeoplesimplybecau

24、setherearesomanywaysofsequencingthestages.Morestagesmeanmorepossiblesequences.皿Withthisvarietywillcometheendofthecloseassociationofageandstage.Inathree-stagelife,peopleleaveuniversityatthesametimeandthesameage,theytendtostarttheircareersandfamilyatthesameage,theyproceedthroughmiddlemanagementallroug

25、hlythesametime,andthenmoveintoretirementwithinafewyearsofeachother.Inamulti-stagelife,youcouldbeanundergraduateat20,40,or60;amanagerat30,50,or70;andbecomeanindependentproduceratanyage.N)Currentlifestructures,careerpaths,educationalchoices,andsocialnormsareoutoftunewiththeemergingrealityoflongerlifes

26、pans.Thethree-stagelifeoffull-timeeducation,followedbycontinuouswork,andthencompleteretirementmayhaveworkedforourparentsorevengrandparents,butitisnotrelevanttoday.Webelievethattofocusonlongevityasprimarilyanissueofagingistomissitsfullimplications.Longevityisnotnecessarilyaboutbeingolderforlonger.Iti

27、saboutlivinglonger,beingolderlater,andbeingyoungerlonger.36. Anextendedlifespaninthefuturewillallowpeopletohavemorecareersthannow.37. Justextendingone'scareermayhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffects.38. Nowadays,manyAmericanshaveonaveragedelayedtheirmarriagebysomeeightyears.39. Becauseoftheirlonger

28、lifespan,youngpeopletodaynolongerfollowthepatternoflifeoftheirparentsorgrandparents.40. Manymorepeoplewillbeexpectedtoliveover100bythemid-21stcentury.41. Alongerlifewillcauseradicalchangesinpeople'sapproachtolife.42. Fasttechnologicalchangemakesitnecessaryforonetoconstantlyupgradetheirskills.43.

29、 Manypeoplemaynotwanttoretireearlybecauseitwoulddoharmtotheirmentalandemotionalwell-being.44. Thecloselinkbetweenageandstagemayceasetoexistinamulti-stagelife.45. Peoplelivingalongerandhealthierlifewillhavetorearrangetheirworkandlife.【參考答案】36-40IGDNA41-45KHFMCSectionCPassageOneQuestions46to50arebased

30、onthefollowingpassage.Intheclassicmarriagevow（誓約），couplespromisetostaytogetherinsicknessandinhealth.Butanewstudyfindsthattheriskofdivorceamongoldercouplesriseswhenthewife-notthehusbandbecomesseriouslyill.Marriedwomendiagnosedwithaserioushealthconditionmayfindthemselvesstrugglingwiththeimpactoftheird

31、iseasewhilealsoexperiencingthestressofdivorce,”saidresearcherAmeliaKarraker.Karrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamanalyzed20yearsofdataon2,717marriagesfromastudyconductedbyIndianaUniversitysince1992.Atthetimeofthefirstinterview,atleastoneofthepartnerswasovertheageof50.Theresearchersexaminedhowtheonset（發(fā)生）

32、offourseriousphysicalillnessesaffectedmarriages.Theyfoundthat,overall,31%ofmarriagesendedindivorceovertheperiodstudied.Theincidenceofnewchronic（慢性的）illnessonsetincreasedovertimeaswill,withmorehusbandsthanwivesdevelopingserioushealthproblems.Wefoundthatwomenaredoublyvulnerabletomaritalbreak-upinthefa

33、ceofillness,"Karrakersaid.They'remorelikelytobewidowed,andifthey'rethenoeswhobecomeill,they'remorelikelytogetdivorced.”Whilethestudydidn'tassesswhydivorceinmorelikelywhenwivesbutnothusbandsbecomeseriouslyill,Karrakeroffersafewpossiblereasons.Gendernormsandsocialexpectationsabout

34、caregivingmanymakeitmoredifficultformentoprovidecaretosickspouses,”Karrakersaid.Andbecauseoftheimbalanceinmarriagemarkets,especiallyinolderages,divorcedmenhavemorechoicesamongprospectivepartnersthandivorced力women.Giventheincreasingconcernabouthealthcarecostsfortheagingpopulation,Karrakerbelievespoli

35、cymakersshouldbeawareoftherelationshipbetweendiseaseandriskofdivorce.Offeringsupportservicestospousescaringfortheirotherhalvesmayreducemaritalstressandpreventdivorceatolderages,"shesaid.Butit'salsoimportanttorecognizethatthepressuretodivorcemaybehealth-relatedandthatsickex-wivesmayneedaddit

36、ionalcareandservicestopreventworseninghealthandincreasedhealthcosts.”46. Whatcanwelearnaboutmarriagevowsfromthepassage?A）Theymaynotguaranteealastingmarriage.B）Theyareasbindingastheyusedtobe.C）Theyarenottakenseriouslyanymore.D）Theymayhelpcouplestideoverhardtimes.47. WhatdidKarrakerandco-authorKenzieL

37、athamfindaboutelderlyhusbands?A) Theyaregenerallynotgoodattakingcareofthemselves.B) Theycanbecomeincreasinglyvulnerabletoseriousillnesses.C) Theycandevelopdifferentkindsofillnessesjustliketheirwives.D) Theyaremorelikelytocontractseriousillnessesthantheirwives.48. WhatdoesKarrakersayaboutwomenwhofall

38、ill?A) Theyaremorelikelytobewidowed.B) Theyaremorelikelytogetdivorced.C) Theyarelesslikelytoreceivegoodcare.D) Theyarelesslikelytobothertheirspouses.49. WhyisitmoredifficultformentotakecareoftheirsickspousesaccordingtoKarraker?A) Theyaremoreaccustomedtoreceivingcare.B) Theyfinditmoreimportanttomakem

39、oneyforthefamily.C) Theythinkitmoreurgenttofulfilltheirsocialobligations.D) Theyexpectsocietytodomoreofthejob.50. WhatdoesKarrakerthinkisalsoimportant?A) Reducingmaritalstressonwives.B) Stabilizingoldcouples'srelations.C) Providingextracarefordivorcedwomen.D) Makingmenpayfortheirwives'health

40、costs.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouwerelikemostchildren,youprobablygotupsetwhenyourmothercalledyoubyasibling's(兄弟姐妹的)name.Howcouldshenotknowyou?Diditmeanshelovedyouless?Probablynot.Accordingtothefirstresearchtotacklethistopichead-on,misnamingthemostfamiliarpeoplein

41、ourlifeisacommoncognitive(認(rèn)知的)errorthathastodowithhowourmemoriesclassifyandstorefamiliarnames.Thestudy,publishedonlineinAprilinthejournalMemoryandCognition,foundthatthewrong”nameisnotrandombutisinvariablyfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond:children,siblings,friends.Thestudydidnotexaminethepossibili

42、tyofdeeppsychologicalsignificancetothemistake,sayspsychologistDavidRubin,butitdoestelluswho'sinandwho'soutofthegroup.”Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup,misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialorinternalsounds,likeJimmyandJoanieorJohnandBob.Physicalresemblancebetweenpeoplewasnotafactor

43、.Norwasgender.Theresearchersconductedfiveseparatesurveysofmorethan1,700people.Someofthesurveysincludedonlycollegestudents;othersweredonewithamixed-agepopulation.Someaskedsubjectsaboutincidentswheresomeoneclosetothemfamilyorfriendhadcalledthembyanotherperson'sname.Theothersurveysaskedabouttimeswh

44、ensubjectshadthemselvescalledsomeoneclosetothembythewrongname.Allthesurveysfoundthatpeoplemixedupnameswithinrelationshipgroupssuchasgrandchildren,friendsandsiblingsbuthardlyevercrossedtheseboundaries.Ingeneral,thestudyfoundthatundergraduateswerealmostaslikelyasoldpeopletomakethismistakeandmenaslikel

45、yaswomen.Olderpeopleandthismistakeandmenaslikelyaswomen.Olderpeopleandwomenmadethemistakeslightlymoreoften,butthatmaybebecausegrandparentshavemoregrandchildrentomixupthanparentshavechildren.Also,mothersmaycallontheirchildrenmoreoftenthanfathers,giventraditionalgendernorms.Therewasnoevidencethaterrorsoccurredmorewhenthemisnamerwasfrustrated,tiredorangry.51. Howmightpeopleoftenfeelwhentheyweremisnamed?A) Unwanted.B) Unhappy.C) Confused.D) Indifferent.52. WhatdidDavidRubinsresearchfindaboutmisnaming?A) Itisrelatedtothewayourmemori