選修8unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總

1、1. elect選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人elect to do sth=choose/decide to do sth選擇/決定做某事elect sb to be/as選舉某人成為/擔(dān)任-職務(wù)She elected to become a lawyer.她決定當(dāng)醫(yī)生。We elected James to be chairman.我們選出詹姆斯當(dāng)主席。2. occur vi.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)，被想到sth occur to sb(主意或想法突然)浮現(xiàn)于腦中，被想起It occurs to sb. that 突然想起When did the accident occur ? 那事故是什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的？

2、The words of the song occurred to me suddenly .我突然想起了那歌的歌詞。翻譯：我突然想到我把女朋友留在半路。It occurs to me that I left my girlfriend halfway .翻譯：It occurs to me that he owes me 5 yuan .我突然想到他欠我5元錢(qián)?！澳橙送蝗幌肫稹钡亩喾N表達(dá)sth. occurs to sb.sth. strikes sb.sth. comes to sb.It occurs to sb. that 從句It strikes sb. that 從句It cros

3、ses ones mind that 從句3. indicate vt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示indicate sth (to sb)翻譯：a sign indicating the right road to follow指示應(yīng)走道路的標(biāo)識(shí)（1）With a nod of his head,he indicated to me where I should sit. （他向我示意）（2）A res sky at night indicates fine weather the following day .（暗示明天天氣好）5.grasp vt.抓住，抓緊； 理解，領(lǐng)會(huì)(1)I graspe

4、d him by the arm .我抓住他胳膊。(2)They failed to grasp the importance of his word . 他們沒(méi)有理解他的話的重要性。n. 抓住,理解 have a good/complete/profound grasp of 對(duì)-好/充分/深刻的理解He has a good grasp of English grammar .他英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法掌握的很好。Within/beyond ones grasp (1)為人能/不能抓到的（2）為人能/不能理解的6.live on (1)繼續(xù)存在（2）靠-生活,以-為主食。 live with 忍受，忍耐l

5、ive up to （ones ideal/promise/expection）符合.不辜負(fù) live through 經(jīng)歷過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)-之后還活著用live 的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空5 / 5(1)He died ten years ,but his memory lives on .(2)He had to live on 40 pounds.(3)We live on rice.(5)He lived through g both world wars.(6)You will have to live with his hot temper, I amafraid.(4)I find it diffi

6、cult for me to live up to my mothers ideal.7.by means of 用-方法,借助于- by all means當(dāng)然可以，沒(méi)有問(wèn)題 by this means 用這種方法， by no means決不(1)Thoughts can also be expressed by means of music.(2)Can I borrow your car?” By all means (3)By no means should you tell him about it.你絕不能把這件事告訴他。means 手段，方法。的單復(fù)數(shù)同形 ，means作主語(yǔ)是

7、應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的情況來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Every possible means _ been tried，and we find only _ this means can we do it well.A. have，in B. have，by C. has，in D. has，by 8.make a life習(xí)慣于新的生活方式，工作等；創(chuàng)造生活 make a living（勉強(qiáng)）謀生Live /lead a simple/happy life 過(guò)著簡(jiǎn)樸/幸福的生活most people are so busy to make a living that they forget to m

8、ake a life .4.Keep up (1)vi.（rain,snow,good weather）維持,堅(jiān)持,不落后;vt.沿襲（old customs/traditions）古老的風(fēng)俗/傳統(tǒng)等As senior 3 students, it is important to keep up a good state of mind .（保持好的思想狀態(tài)。）Any pupil who cannot keep up has to repeat the year.（跟上）3. back to back 背靠背 face to face 面對(duì)面 mouth to mouth嘴對(duì)嘴 shoulde

9、r to shoulder 并肩 heart to heart 交心 head to head 交頭接耳 arm in arm手挽手 hand in hand 手牽手 (1) Our seats on the train were back to back. （背靠背的） 4. Team up with 與-合作或一起工作（1）We have to learn to team up with others if we want to get along with others.（2）Its a pleasure to team up with such excellent workers.和這

10、樣出色的工人一起干活真愉快。 (3)He didnt want to team up with anybody.他不想與任何人合作。(4) the two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car. 那兩個(gè)公司已合作研制新型賽車(chē)。7. mark out 畫(huà)線，標(biāo)出-界線，（a tennis court, car-park, etc網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)，停車(chē)場(chǎng) ）制定（1）In doing my reading, I often mark out what I regard as important in a book（2）The directi

11、ons of rural development have been marked out。農(nóng)村發(fā)展的規(guī)劃已制定出來(lái)了。8.take in1)包括，吸收The tour takes in some famous castles .我們的旅行包括些有名的城堡。This kind of cloth takes in water easily .這種布料吸水很好。(2)欺騙 Dont be taken in by his tricks.不要被他的花招蒙騙。(3)領(lǐng)會(huì)，理解Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the mea

12、ning of the words .翻譯句子之前，首先要理解單詞的含義take off (飛機(jī))起飛，脫下，(事業(yè))興旺 take for 把誤作 take on 呈現(xiàn)，雇傭 take up 占據(jù)，從事，開(kāi)始對(duì)感興趣take over 接管 take away 拿走，消除（疾病等）(1) The business of the company was growing so fast that the manager had to _ more clerks.A. take in B. take on C. turn down D. give out(2)(07遼寧) Dont be _ by

13、 products promising to make you lose weight quickly.A. taken off B. taken out C. taken away D. taken in 9.a great/ good many 許多，很多 拓展（1）many,a great/ good many,a few, a (good/ large) number of,scores of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) the majority of (2) much, a little a good/ great deal of,a large amount of+ 不可數(shù)名詞（3）

14、a lot of lots of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ) a quantity of + plenty of 不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)（4）Large amounts of +不可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ) Quantities of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ) A mass of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ) masses of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ) Many a/ more than one +單數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)活學(xué)活用-用have 的正確形式填空（1） A large number of students have a great amount of homework that has

15、 to be done at home, so large quantities of housework have been left undone.（2） We have _English books but we dont have time to read. A. a great many B. a good deal C. a great deal of D. a great many of （3） _ food are needed. Which of the following is wrong? A. Quantities of B. Masses of C. Large am

16、ounts of D. Lots of 10. apply for (a job /post /passport /visa /scholarship )申請(qǐng)工作/職位/護(hù)照/簽證/獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金拓展：apply sth to 1. 涂,敷;將.鋪在表面(+to)The nurse applied the ointment to the wound.護(hù)士把藥膏敷到傷口上。 2.應(yīng)用;實(shí)施(+to)We should apply both theories to the language classroom.我們應(yīng)把兩種理論都運(yùn)用到語(yǔ)言教室中去。 3.使起作用;用上-，適合(+to)You cant a

17、pply the rule to every case.這條規(guī)則并不是在每種情況下都能適用的。What you said doesnt apply to me .你所說(shuō)的并不適合我。 4. (后常接oneself)使致力(于),使專(zhuān)心從事(+to)He applied himself to learning French.他致力于學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)。 11.句子1.California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.(1) the third largest state 是序數(shù)詞修飾最高級(jí)，意為“

18、第三大 ”形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)前可加序數(shù)詞，表示第幾長(zhǎng)/大/快-如:The Yellow River is the second longest river （第二長(zhǎng)的河）in China.He ran the third fastest （第三快）in the race.(2) 當(dāng)最高級(jí)前有物主代詞，或名詞所有格時(shí)，最高級(jí)前不加定冠詞the如：Friday is my busiest day.Do you know what is_river?a. Africas second longest b. The Africa second longestC.the second Africas

19、longest d.Africas the second longest2. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA,having attracted people from all over the world.(做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))(1) A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,killing all four people on board . 機(jī)上四人受害(kill)(2)European

20、football is played in more than 80 countries, making it one of the most popular games in the world. (NMET1998全國(guó)卷)(使它是世界最受歡迎的比賽之一)(make)(3) The child fell, striking his head against the door .(頭撞在門(mén)上)（strike）3.Exactly when the first people arrived in what we know as California, (賓語(yǔ)從句)no one really kno

21、ws.=the place that we know as California，（定語(yǔ)從句)-(1)Pay attention to what the teacher said .注意老師所說(shuō)的。(what)(2)He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day 他對(duì)那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快(displeased, what)(3)Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it .(你做什么和怎樣做)Eg: Geroge washington wa

22、s born in_is now the state of Virgina.A. where B.which C.what D.that (此四項(xiàng)供下兩題用)(1)Pudong development zone is no longer rural area_that _it used to be.(2)Pudong development zone is no longer what it used to be4. however it is likely that Native Americans were in California at least fifteen thousands

23、years ago.(1) 本句中it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)從句是that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。(2) likely 很有可能 常見(jiàn)搭配有：Its likely that-=its possible/probable that- 可能-Its likely for sb to do sth 某人可能做某事Sb/sth be likely to do sth 某人/某物可能-Eg: studies show that people are more_to suffer back problems if they always sit before computers screens for long

24、 hours.A. likely B.possible C.probable D.sure5. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men,whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religious to the natives.to go to California-(不定式做后置定語(yǔ))不定式做后置定語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)用法有：（1） 不定式表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作（2） 修飾序數(shù)詞，the last,最高級(jí)，the only等，或被這些詞限定的名詞。（3） 修飾抽象名詞

25、ability,chance,idea,opportunity,way reason,time，wish,decision等（4） 不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系;不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語(yǔ)，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.Eg.(1)The train to arrive (將要來(lái)的火車(chē))was from London (2)She was the first boy to be caught cheating (被抓住作弊)in the exam (3)The way he thought of to solve the problem (解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題) is

26、effective. (4)She has a lot of work to do (有很多工作要做) in the morning (5)I need a pen to write with 我需要一支筆寫(xiě)字6.Although Chinese immigrant began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period,it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger number to California in t

27、he 1860s.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：it is/was +強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that/who+其他 特殊疑問(wèn)式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is/was it +that +其他 not until強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：it +is/was+not until-+that +其他 Eg:(1)It was last night that （就是昨天晚上）I saw a girl with long hair in white.(it) (2)How was it that (是怎樣)the pig knocked into the wall.(it) (3)It was not until we had stayed f

28、or weeks （就是我們才呆了幾個(gè)星期） that I found that she turned out to be a thief.（it）7. It is believed that- It is said that- It is supposed that- It is hoped that- It is reported that- It is suggested that- It is believed that the thief or thieves entered the house through the front door. It is said by the Bible that Adam is the very first human being in the world. It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be