高考英語(yǔ)解題技巧與策略—單項(xiàng)選擇

1、高考英語(yǔ)解題技巧與策略單項(xiàng)選擇一、命題原則突出語(yǔ)境，強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)意，強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)用二、單項(xiàng)選擇題命題特點(diǎn)覆蓋面廣，重點(diǎn)突出突出在語(yǔ)境中運(yùn)用知識(shí)的考查淡化語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，重視能力三、英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)選擇解題技巧(一)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)1.This is the main use that the scientists make_ natural resources.A. in B. up of C. from D. of有些試題的考本來(lái)十分簡(jiǎn)單, 但命題者卻通過(guò)使用定語(yǔ)從句,或者將我們十分熟悉的固定詞組有意拆開(kāi),重新組合,使我們?cè)诮Y(jié)構(gòu)上產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)覺(jué)。that the scientists make是定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系代詞that是代表

2、先行詞use的,將其置入定語(yǔ)從句中,就得到that the scientists make use.顯然是考查make use of 這一詞組。正確答案是D。(二)找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)2.It is_ any wonder that his friend doesn't like watching television much.A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly此題的關(guān)鍵詞是any, 因?yàn)閍ny常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句或條件句中,而此句不是疑問(wèn)句，也不是條件句,所以應(yīng)該是否定句。no本身就相當(dāng)于not any，于是排除A。.因此，正確答案D(hardly=almo

3、st not)。(三)補(bǔ)全省略成分3.-What do you think made Mary so upset?- _her new bike.A. Lost B. As she lost C. Losing D. Because of losing口語(yǔ)中會(huì)使用一些省略句，作題是若將被省略的成分補(bǔ)充完整，答案就會(huì)一目了然。此題將答句補(bǔ)全，就是Losing her new bike made Mary so upset。顯然，只能選C，用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。(四)適當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換句式4.-Mr. Wang ,whom would you rather _ the important meeting?-Tom

4、.A. have attend B. have attendedC. having attend D. have to attend有時(shí)將題干的句式轉(zhuǎn)換成自己更熟悉的句式，就很容易選出正確答案。如：將疑問(wèn)句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、感嘆句或倒裝句改為陳述句，將被動(dòng)句改為主動(dòng)句，將無(wú)序句調(diào)整為正常句。此題若將疑問(wèn)句改為陳述句，就是I have Tom attend the important meeting。其中would rather 后必須跟動(dòng)詞原形，have sb do sth.所以選A。(5) 注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)5.There are eight tips in Dr. Rogers lecture on s

5、leep, and one of them is:_ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.A. doesnt go B. not to go C. not going D. dont go標(biāo)點(diǎn)有時(shí)對(duì)我們作題有提示的作用。此題很容易選B,認(rèn)為是不定式做表語(yǔ)。其實(shí)冒號(hào)已經(jīng)表明后面是Dr.Roger講的原話，這原話應(yīng)當(dāng)是個(gè)句子，只有選D才構(gòu)成一個(gè)否定的祈使句。(六)刪除干擾部分6.We agree to accept_ they thought was the best tourist guide.A. whichever B. whoever

6、 C. whatever D. whomever就是將起干擾作用的定語(yǔ)從句、介詞短語(yǔ)或插入語(yǔ)，如I think/ suppose/believe，do you think/ suppose/believe， you know，of course等刪除，從而更容易地選出正確答案。此題去掉插入語(yǔ)they thought ，可知賓語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)，又能與the best tourist guide 搭配的，只有答案B。(七)利用對(duì)稱(chēng)結(jié)構(gòu)7.-English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it?-Yes. _ more words and expressions a

7、nd you will find it easier to read and communicate.A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known就是在作題的過(guò)程中要善于利用and, but等并列連詞。若前面是個(gè)句子，后面也是個(gè)句子，反之亦然;若連接的是幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞，這幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞也必定是同一時(shí)態(tài)或同一形式。此題第二個(gè)and后面是個(gè)句子，所以前面也必定是一個(gè)句子，但是前面這個(gè)句子沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)，只能選用動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成一個(gè)祈使句，因此答案是A。又如：On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, _some banan

8、as and visited her cousin.A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy(八)檢查有無(wú)謂語(yǔ)8.He wrote five novels, two of _translated into English.A. it B. them C. which D. that有時(shí)看似有兩個(gè)句子，于是就選連詞，正好掉進(jìn)命題人設(shè)計(jì)的陷阱。事實(shí)上，有時(shí)貌似句子的“句子”卻沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)，其中的動(dòng)詞只是一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(多為分詞)。此題很容易誤選C，以為后面是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。事實(shí)上， translated是過(guò)去分詞，而不是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，后面不是句子，無(wú)須連詞，所以答案是B。

9、若在translated前加上were，were translated就是謂語(yǔ)，這時(shí)就 選連詞which。(九)熟記固定搭配9.Mr. Smith used to smoke _ but he has given it up.A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中注意積累一些常見(jiàn)的固定句式、動(dòng)詞與副詞的搭配、名詞和形容詞的搭配等。因?yàn)橹笩煱a或酒癮很重，要用heavy或heavily ，因此答案是B。此外，雨雪下得“大”、煙霧“濃”、交通“擁擠”、波濤“洶涌”等，也用heavy。(十)消除思維定勢(shì)10.Everyone here wil

10、l thank the firefighter for the things they have done to prevent fires_ the environment safer.A. make B. to making C. to make D. from making有些試題的題干，看上去好象就是固定搭配，我們高興地完成以后，結(jié)果卻做錯(cuò)了。要從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上或者句子意思上分析，以免步入命題者設(shè)計(jì)的陷阱。此題容易誤選D，以為是考查prevent sb. /sth. from doing 這一固定搭配的。其實(shí)，“使環(huán)境更安全”是“他們?yōu)榉阑鹚龅墓ぷ鳌钡哪康模杂脛?dòng)詞不定式，選C。(十一

11、)查看有無(wú)連詞11.If an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, _means many more people in the world can enjoy it.A. as B. which C. what D. that若經(jīng)查實(shí)，前后的確是兩個(gè)句子，就要看其中一個(gè)分句是否已經(jīng)用了連詞。若已經(jīng)用了連詞，一般不選連詞，若沒(méi)有用連詞，就一定要選連詞。此題已有連詞If，選D，若沒(méi)有If，就選B， which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。(十二)正確把握語(yǔ)境12. I agree with most of what you said

12、, but I dont agree with _.A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing有時(shí)孤立地看留空格的那個(gè)句子，好象多個(gè)答案都可以，但與上下句的意思聯(lián)系起來(lái)，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。因此，做題時(shí)一定要把握語(yǔ)境。此題答案選A。B答案的意思是I dont agree with anything 等于I agree with nothing.這就與前一分句的意思發(fā)生矛盾了。(十三)識(shí)別相似句型13. _is known to everybody, light travels much faster than sound.A. It B. As C. That D. What14._is known to everybody that light travels much faster than sound.A. It B. As C. That D. What15. _ is known to everybody is that light travels much faster than sound.A. It B. As C. That D. What有的句型十分相似，若不仔細(xì)分辨，很容易出錯(cuò)。13題選B，as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是后面